Glossary
A
abound
verb: exist in large numbers or amounts.
"rumors of a further scandal abound"
have in large numbers or amounts.
"this land abounds with wildlife"
about-face
noun(NORTH AMERICAN): (chiefly in military contexts) a turn made so as to face the opposite direction.
"he did an about-face and marched out of the tent"
a complete change of opinion or policy.
"he threatened to stop helping us, but did a complete about-face"
verb: turn so as to face the opposite direction.
"protestors retreated, about-faced, and resumed chanting"
exclamation: (in military contexts) a command to turn so as to face the opposite direction.
abreast
adverb: side by side and facing the same way. 并排并面向同一方向。
adverb: alongside or even with something. 旁边或与某物一起。
phrase: keep abreast of - stay or cause to stay up-to-date with. 保持或导致保持最新状态。
abuse
verb: use (something) to bad effect or for a bad purpose; misuse. 使用（某物）产生不良影响或用于不良目的；错误地使用。
verb: treat (a person or an animal) with cruelty or violence, especially regularly or repeatedly. 以残忍或暴力对待（人或动物），尤其是经常或反复地。
verb: speak in an insulting and offensive way to or about (someone). 以侮辱和冒犯的方式对（某人）说话。
noun: the improper use of something. 对某物的不当使用。
noun: cruel and violent treatment of a person or animal. 对人或动物的残忍和暴力对待。
noun: insulting and offensive language. 侮辱性和攻击性的语言。
abundant
- existing or available in large quantities; plentiful. 大量存在或可用；丰富的。
abuzz (a + buzz 表示 buzz 的状态，例如 asleep)
adjective: filled with a continuous humming sound.
"the room was abuzz with mosquitoes"
acclaim
verb: praise enthusiastically and publicly.
"the conference was acclaimed as a considerable success"
noun: enthusiastic and public praise.
"she has won acclaim for her commitment to democracy"
accommodate
verb: (of physical space, especially a building) provide lodging or sufficient space for. （物理空间，尤其是建筑物）提供住宿或足够的空间。
verb: fit in with the wishes or needs of. 符合...的愿望或需要。
accommodation
noun(NORTH AMERICAN): temporary lodgings, sometimes also including board. 临时住所，有时还包括食宿。
noun: a convenient arrangement; a settlement or compromise. 方便的安排；和解或妥协。
noun: the process of adapting or adjusting to someone or something. 适应或调整某人或某事的过程。
account
noun: a report or description of an event or experience. 事件或经历的报告或描述。
noun: a record or statement of financial expenditure and receipts relating to a particular period or purpose. 与特定时期或目的相关的财务支出和收入的记录或报表。
noun: an arrangement by which a body holds funds on behalf of a client or supplies goods or services to the client on credit. 机构代表客户持有资金或以信贷方式向客户提供商品或服务的安排，即账户。
noun: an arrangement by which a user is given personalized access to a computer, website, or application, typically by entering a username and password. 用户被给予一个个人的入口对电脑，网站，或应用，尤其是使用用户名和密码的。
noun: importance. 重要性。
verb: consider or rgard in a specified way. 以特定的方式考虑。
phrase: by all accounts - according to what one has heard or read. 根据所听到或读到的。
phrase: call someone to account - require someone to explain a mistake or poor performance. 要求某人解释错误或差的表现。
phrase: give a bad account of oneself - make an unfavorable impression through one's performance. 通过某人表现留下不好的印象。
phrase: give a good account of oneself - make a favorable impression through one's performance. 通过某人表现留下好的印象。
phrase: keep an account of - keep a record of. 保持记录（某事）。
phrase: leave something out of account - fail or decline to consider a factor. 没有或少考虑了一个因素。
phrase: on someone's account - for a specified person's benefit. 为特定的人的利益。
phrase: on account of - because of. 因为。
phrase: on no account - under no circumstances. 在任何情况下都不。
phrase: on one's own account - for one's own purposes; for oneself. 为自己的目的；为自己。
phrase: settle accounts with - have revenge on. 向某人复仇，算账。 pay money owed to (someone). 结清欠款，算账。
phrase: take something into account - consider something along with other factors before reaching a decision。 在做出决定之前考虑（某事）以及其他因素。
phrase: take account of - consider (something) along with other factors before reaching a decision. 在做出决定之前考虑（某事）以及其他因素。
phrase(PROVERB): there's no accounting for taste - it is impossible to explain why different people like different things, especially those things that the speaker considers unappealing. 无法解释为什么不同的人喜欢不同的事物，尤其是那些说话者认为没有吸引力的事物。
phrase: turn something to account - turn something to one's advantages. 使某事对自己有利。
phrase: account for
give a satisfactory record of something ,typically money, that one is responsible for. 为某人所负责的事物，通常是金钱，给出满意的记录。
provide or serve as a satisfactory explanation or reason for. 提供或给出令人满意的解释或理由。
know the fate or whereabouts of someone or something, especially after an accident. 知道某人或某事的命运或下落，尤其是事故发生后。
succeed in killing, destroying, or defating. 成功杀死，摧毁，或击败。
supply or make up a specified amount or proportion. 提供或组成了具体的数量或份额。
accumulate
- verb: gather together or acquire an increasing number or quantity of. 聚集在一起或获得不断增加的数或量。
acquaintance
noun: a person's knowledge or experience of something. 一个人对某事的知识或经验。
noun: a person one knows slightly, but who is not a close friend. 仅仅是认识，但不是亲近朋友的人。
phrase: make the acquaintance of - meet someone for the first time and become only slightly familiar. 第一次见某人，只是有一点点熟悉。
acquisitive
- adjective: excessively interested in acquiring money or material things. 对获取钱财或物质过分感兴趣。
activist
noun: a person who campaigns to bring about political or social change.
"activists have been calling for change"
adjective: campaigning to bring about political or social change.
"activist groups around the world are organizing solidarity events"
address
noun: the particulars of the place where someone lives or an organization is situated. 某人居住地或组织所在地的详细地址。
noun: a formal speech delivered to an audience. 向听众发表的正式演讲。
noun(DATED): skill, dexterity, or readiness. 技能，灵巧，或准备。
verb: write the name and address of the intended recipient on (an envelope, letter, or package). 写下收件人的名字，住址（在信封，信件，或包裹上）。
verb: speak to (a person or an assembly), typically in a formal way. 和（某人或聚集的人群）说话，通常以正式的方式。
verb: think about and begin to deal with (an issue or problem). 考虑并开始处理（问题）。
verb(GOLF): take up one's stance and prepare to hit (the ball).（高尔夫）站起身来准备击（球）。
phrase: form of address - a name or title used in speaking or writing to a person of a specified rank or function. 名称或头衔，被用于向特定级别或职能的人说话或写作时。
adept
adjective: very skilled or proficient at something. 非常熟练或精通某事。
noun: a person who is skilled or proficient at something. 擅长或精通某事的人。
adjoin
- verb: be next to and joined with (a building, room, or piece of land). 与（建筑，房间，或一块土地）相邻并与之相连。
admit
verb: confess to be true or to be the case. 承认是真或是事实。
verb: allow (someone) to enter a place. 允许（某人）进入一个地方。
verb: accept as valid. 接受为有效。
verb: allow the possibility of. 允许（某事物）的可能性。
adobe
- noun: a kind of clay used as a building material, typically in the form of sun-dried bricks. 一种用作建筑材料的粘土，通常以晒干的砖的形式出现。
adolescent
adjective: (of a young person) in the process of developing from a child into an adult.
"many parents find it hard to understand their adolescent children"
noun: an adolescent boy or girl.
"the books are aimed at children and adolescents"
adopt
verb: legally take (another's child) and bring it up as one's own. 合法地把（别人的孩子）当作自己的孩子抚养。
verb: choose to take up, follow, or use. 选择接受，跟随，或使用。
verb: take on or assume (an attitude or position). 采取或承担（态度或立场）。
verb(BRITISH): (of a local authority) accept responsibility for the maintenance of (a road). （英国）（当地政府）承担维护（道路）的责任。
advisable
adjective: (of a course of action) to be recommended; sensible.
"it is advisable to carry one of the major credit cards"
advocate
noun: a person who publicly supports or recommends a particular cause or policy. 公开支持或推荐特定事业或政策的人。
noun: a person who puts a case on someone else's behalf. 代表他人提起诉讼的人。
verb: publicly recommend or support. 公开地推荐或支持。
aeon (eon)
noun: an indefinite and very long period of time.
"he reached the crag eons before I arrived"
(ASTRONOMY) a unit of time equal to a thousand million years.
(GEOLOGY) a major division of geological time, subdivided into eras.
"the Precambrian eon"
noun(PHILOSOPHY): (in Neoplatonism, Platonism, and Gnosticism) a power existing from eternity; an emanation or phase of the supreme deity.
aesthetic
adjective: concerned with beauty or the appreciation of beauty. 关注美或对美的欣赏。
noun: a set of principles underlying and guiding the work of a particular artist or artistic movement. 一系列作为特定艺术家或艺术行为的基础或指导的原则。
affair
noun: an event or sequence of events of a specified kind or that has previously been referred to.
"the board admitted responsibility for the affair"
noun: a sexual relationship between two people, one or both of whom are married to or in a long-term relationship with someone else.
"his wife is having an affair"
noun(INFORMAL): an object of a particular type.
"her dress was a black low-cut affair"
affiliate
verb: officially attach or connect (a subsidiary group or a person) to an organization. 正式将（附属团体或个人）附加或连接到组织。
noun: a person or organization officially attached to a larger body. 正式附属于更大机构的个人或组织。
affirm
verb: state as a fact; assert strongly and publicly.
"he affirmed the country's commitment to peace"
declare one's support for; uphold; defend.
"the referendum affirmed the republic's right to secede"
(LAW)accept or confirm the validity of (a judgment or agreement); ratify.
(LAW) make a formal declaration rather than taking an oath (e.g., to testify truthfully).
(LAW) (of a court) uphold (a decision) on appeal.
verb: offer (someone) emotional support or encouragement.
"there are five common ways parents fail to affirm their children"
give (life) a heightened sense of value, typically through the experience of something emotionally or spiritually uplifting.
"it is a rich and challenging motion picture that both affirms life and emphasizes its fragility"
agenda
noun: a list of items to be discussed at a formal meeting. 将在正式会议上讨论的项目清单。
a plan of things to be done or problems to be addressed. 要做的事情或要解决的问题的计划。
the underlying intentions or motives of a particular person or group. 特定个人或团体的潜在意图或动机。
noun(NORTH AMERICAN): an appointment diary. 约会日记。
phrase: on the agenda - scheduled for discussion at a meeting. 安排在会议上讨论。
phrase: set the agenda - draw up a list of items to be discussed at a meeting. 起草一份会议要讨论的项目清单。
aggravate
verb: make (a problem, injury, or offense) worse or more serious. 使（问题，伤害，或冒犯）变得更糟或更严重。
verb(INFORMAL): annoy or exasperate (someone), especially persistently. （非正式）惹恼或激怒（某人），尤其是执着地。
agony
- noun: extreme physical or mental suffering. 极度的身体上或精神上的痛苦。
allegation
noun: a claim or assertion that someone has done something illegal or wrong, typically one made without proof. 声称或断言某人做了非法或错误的事情，通常是在没有证据的情况下提出的。
"after leaving he made allegations of corruption against the company"
allergic
adjective: caused by or relating to an allergy. 由过敏引起或与过敏有关。
adjective(INFORMAL): having a strong dislike for. （非正式）有强烈的厌恶感。
alleviate
verb: make (suffering, deficiency, or a problem) less severe.
"he couldn't prevent her pain, only alleviate it"
ambiguous
adjective: (of a language) open to more than one interpretation; having a double meaning. （语言）接受不止一种解释；有双重含义。
- unclear or inexact because a choice between alternatives has not been made. 不清楚或不准确，因为尚未在备选项间做出选择。
amid
- preposition: surrounded by; in the middle of. 被围绕；在中间。相当于 in 或 among。
ample
- adjective: enough or more than enough; plentiful. 足够或绰绰有余；丰富的。
analogy
- noun: a comparison between two things, typically for the purpose of explanation or clarification. 两件事之间的比较，通常是为了解释或澄清，即类比。
anatomy
noun: the branch of science concerned with the bodily structure of humans, animals, and other living organisms, especially as revealed by dissection and the separation of parts.
"he studied physiology and anatomy"
noun: a study of the structure or internal workings of something.
"a detailed anatomy of a society and its institutions"
anatosaurus
- noun: a former name for a type of dinosaur that had a wide beak like a duck: The anatosaurus was a bipedal duck-billed dinosaur of the Late Cretaceous Period.
anchor
noun: a heavy object attached to a rope or chain and used to moor a vessel to the sea bottom, typically one having a metal shank with a ring at one end for the rope and a pair of curved and/or barbed flukes at the other. 连接在绳索或链条上并用于将船只系泊到海底的重物，通常有一个金属柄，一端有一个用于绳索的环，另一端有一对弯曲和/或带倒钩的锚链。
- a person or thing that provides stability or confidence in an otherwise uncertain situation. 在不确定的情况下提供稳定性或信心的人或事物。
noun(NORTH AMERICAN): an anchorman or anchorwoman, especially in broadcasting or athletics. （北美）男主持或女主持，尤其在广播或运动中。
verb: moor (a ship) to the sea bottom with an anchor. 用锚把（船）停泊在海底。
secure firmly in position. 牢固地固定到位。
provide with a firm basis or foundation. 提供坚实的基础或基础。
verb(NORTH AMERICAN): act as an anchor for (a television program or sporting event). 担任（电视节目或体育赛事）的主播。
anecdotal
adjective: (of an account) not necessarily true or reliable, because based on personal accounts rather than facts or research.
"while there was much anecdotal evidence there was little hard fact"
anthropology
noun: the study of human societies and cultures and their development.
"they examine lesser-known findings in archeology and anthropology to highlight all that we don't know about human history"
noun: the study of human biological and physiological characteristics and their evolution.
"I really loved psychology and anthropology and studying primate behavior and cognition"
apparent
adjective: clearly visible or understood; obvious. 清晰可见或可理解的；明显的。
adjective: seeming real or true, but not necessarily so. 看起来是真实或正确的，但不一定是。
apparently
- adverb: as far as one knows or can see. 据人们所知或所见地，即似乎，显然。
appeal
verb: make a serious, urgent, or heartfelt request. 提出严重、紧急或衷心的请求，通常是向公众提出。(sb. appeal to sb. to do sth.)
"police are appealing for information about the incident"
verb(LAW): apply to a higher court for a reversal of the decision of a lower court. 向上级法院申请撤销下级法院的决定，即上诉。
"he said he would appeal against the conviction"
verb: be attractive or interesting. 有吸引力或有趣。(sth. appeal to sb.)
"the range of topics will appeal to youngsters"
noun: a serious, urgent, or heartfelt request. 严重或紧急的要求，通常是向公众提出的。
"his mother made an appeal for the return of the ring"
noun(LAW): an application to a higher court for a decision to be reversed. 向上级法院要求撤销决定的申请。
"he has 28 days in which to lodge an appeal"
noun: a request for donations to support a charity or cause.
"a public appeal to raise £120,000"
noun: the quality of being attractive or interesting. 有吸引力或有趣的质量。
"the popular appeal of football"
appoint
verb: assign a job or role to (someone).
"she has been appointed to the board"
verb: determine or decide on (a time or a place).
"they appointed a day in May for the meeting"
verb(LAW): decide the disposition of (property of which one is not the owner) under powers granted by the owner.
"trustees appoint the capital to the beneficiaries"
appointment
noun: an arrangement to meet someone at a particular time and place.
"she made an appointment with my receptionist"
noun: an act of assigning a job or position to someone.
"prior to her appointment as CEO, she served as the company's chief financial officer"
noun: furniture or fittings.
"the room was spartan in its appointments"
phrase: by appointment - having previously made an arrangement to do something.
"visits are by appointment only"
phrase: by appointment to the Queen - (in the UK) used by manufacturers to indicate that their products are sold to the queen and are therefore of guaranteed quality.
phrase: power of appointment - power to select the holder of a particular job or position.
apprehension
noun: anxiety or fear that something bad or unpleasant will happen. 不好或不愉快的事会发生的担心或害怕。
noun: understanding; grasp. 理解；抓牢。
noun: the action of arresting someone. 逮捕某人的行为。
apprenticeship
- noun: the position of an apprentice. 学徒的地位。
approach
verb: come near or nearer to (someone or something) in distance or time. 在距离或时间上接近某人或某物。
"the train approached the main line"
verb: speak to (someone) for the first time about a proposal or request. 与（某人）第一次谈论提案或请求。
"the department had been approached about funding"
verb: start to deal with (a situation or problem) in a certain way. 开始以某种方式处理（情况或问题）。
"one must approach the matter with caution"
noun: a way of dealing with a situation or problem. 处理情况或问题的方式。
"we need a whole new approach to the job"
noun: an initial proposal or request made to someone. 向某人提出的初步建议或请求。
"the landowner made an approach to the developer"
noun: the action of coming near or nearer to someone or something in distance or time. 在距离或时间上接近某人或某物的动作。
"the approach of winter"
arbiter
- noun: a person who settles a dispute or has ultimate authority in a matter. 解决争端或在某事上拥有最终权力的人。
arbitration
noun: the use of an arbitrator to settle a dispute. 使用仲裁员解决争议。
phrase: go to arbitration - submit a dispute to an arbitrator. 将争议提交给仲裁员。
arbitrary
- adjective: based on random choice or personal whim, rather than any reason or system. 基于随机选择或个人突发奇想，而不是任何原因或系统。
arcane
adjective: understood by few; mysterious or secret.
"arcane procedures for electing people"
archer
noun: a person who shoots with a bow and arrows, especially at a target as a sport. 用弓箭射击的人，尤指有射击目标的射箭运动。
noun: the zodiacal sign or constellation Sagittarius. 黄道带标志或星座射手座。
arrogant
adjective: having or revealing an exaggerated sense of one's own importance or abilities. 对自己的重要性或能力有或表现出夸张的感觉，即傲慢，自大。
"he's arrogant and opinionated"
arthritis
- noun: painful inflammation and stiffness of the joints. 疼痛的炎症和关节僵硬，即关节炎。
artifact (artefact)
noun: an object made by a human being, typically one of cultural or historical interest. 由人类制造的物品，通常具有文化或历史意义。
noun: something observed in a scientific investigation or experiment that is not naturally present but occurs as a result of the preparative or investigative procedure. 在科学研究或实验中观察到的东西，它不是自然存在的但是作为准备或研究程序的结果出现。
artisan
- noun: a worker in a skilled trade, especially one that involves making things by hand. 熟练工种的工人，尤其是涉及手工制作的行业。
aspire
verb: direct one's hopes or ambitions towards achieving something. 将一个人的希望或抱负指向实现某事。
verb(LITERARY): rise high; tower. 高高升起；耸立。
aspiring
- adjective: directing one's hopes or ambitions toward becoming a specified type of person. 形容将希望或志向导向实现的特定类型的人，即有抱负的人。
assemble
verb: (of people) gather together in one place for a common purpose. （人）为了共同的目的聚集在一个地方。
"a crowd had assembled outside the gates"
verb: fit together the separate component parts of (a machine or other object). 将（机器或其他物体）的独立组件装配在一起(汽车流水线：automotive-assembly-line)。
"my new machine is being assembled and my old one dismantled"
verb(COMPUTING): translate (a program) from a higher-level programming language into machine code. （计算机）将（程序）高级编程语言编译成机器码。
"assemble the program and produce a file suitable to input to the simulator"
assess
- verb: evaluate or estimate the nature, ability, or quality of. 评估或估计性质，能力，或质量。
assimilate
verb: take in (information, ideas, or culture) and understand fully. 吸收（信息，想法，或文化）并充分理解，即同化，吸收。
verb: cause (something) to resemble; liken. 使（某物）相似；比喻成，比作。
astonish
- verb: suprise or impress (someone) greatly. 使（某人）大吃一惊或给（某人）留下深刻印象。
astray
adverb: away from the correct path or direction. 偏离正确的路径或方向。
"we went astray but a man redirected us"
adverb: into error or morally questionable behavior. 进入错误或道德上有问题的行为。
"he was led astray by boozy colleagues"
phrase: go astray - (of an object) become lost or mislaid. （一个物体）迷路或放错地方，即误入歧途。
"the money had gone astray"
astrology
noun: the study of the movements and relative positions of celestial bodies interpreted as having an influence on human affairs and the natural world. 关于天体运动和相位的研究，被作为对人类事务和自然世界影响的解释。
phrase: astrological signs = zodiac signs 星座。
astute
adjective: having or showing an ability to accurately assess situations or people and turn this to one's advantage.
"an astute businessman"
at a loss
phrase: puzzled or uncertain what to think, say, or do. 困惑或不确定想什么，说什么，做什么。
phrase: making less money than is spent buying, operating, or producing something. 挣得钱比花在采购，运营，或生产某物要少。
at length
phrase: in detail; fully.
"these aspects have been discussed at length"
phrase: after a long time.
"at length she laid down the pencil"
attain
verb: succeed in achieving (something that one has worked for). 成功实现（某人为之努力的事情）。
verb: reach (a specified age, size, or amount). 达到（指定的年龄，大小，或数量）。
attendant
noun: a person employed to provide a service to the public in a particular. 在特定地方受雇为公众提供服务的人，即侍者，服务员。
noun: a person who is present at an event, meeting, or function. 出席事件，会议，或活动的人。
adjective: occurring with or as a result of; accompanying. 伴随发生或作为结果；随着的。
- (of a person or animal) accompanying another as a companion or assistant. （人或动物）作为伴侣或助手陪伴另一个人。
augment
verb: make (something) greater by adding to it; increase.
"he augmented his summer income by painting houses"
noun(LINGUISTICS): a vowel prefixed to past tenses of verbs in Greek and other Indo-European languages.
phrase: augment reality - AR.
authentic
- adjective: of undisputed origin; genuine. 无可争议的来源；真的。
autobiography
noun: an account of a person's life written by that person.
"he gives a vivid description of his childhood in his autobiography"
B
back and forth
- phrase: to and fro. 来来回回，扯皮。
backlash
noun: a strong and adverse reaction by a large number of people, especially to a social or political development. 很多人的强烈并敌对的反应，尤其是对社会或政治发展方面。
noun: recoil arising between parts of a mechanism. 机械部件间生产的后坐力。
backload
noun: a load transported on the return journey of a delivery truck.
verb: transport a load on a return journey.
"I get paid for the round trip, even if I don't backload"
verb: place more charges at the later stages of (a financial agreement) than at the earlier stages.
"the agreement was backloaded"
bait
verb: deliberately annoy or taunt (someone). 故意惹恼或嘲笑（某人）。
verb: prepare (a hook, trap, net, or fishing area) with bait to entice fish or animals as prey. 用诱饵准备（鱼钩，陷阱，网或钓鱼区）以诱惑鱼或动物作为猎物。
ballistic
adjective: relating to projectiles or their flight. 弹道相关的
adjective: moving under the force of gravity only.
phrase: go ballistic — fly into a rage.
"he will go ballistic if bureaucrats attempt to meddle in his decisions"
ballot
noun: a process of voting, in writing and typically in secret. 投票的过程，以书面形式，通常是秘密的（常用于表示总票数或纸质选票本身）。
verb: (of an organization) elicit a secret vote from (members) on a particular issue. （组织）就特定问题征集（成员）的无记名投票（常用于表示抽签或表决）。
banquet
noun: an elaborate and formal meal for many people. 为很多人准备的精致又正式的一餐，即宴会。
verb: entertain with a banquet. 设宴款待。
barely
adverb: only just; almost not. 只是仅仅；几乎没有。
adverb: only a short time before. 只是在很短的时间以前。
adverb: in a simple and sparse way. 以一种简单且稀疏的方式。
adverb(ARCHAIC): openly; explicitly. （古老的）公开地；明确的。
bargain
noun: an agreement between two or more people or groups as to what each will do for the other.
"bargains between political parties supporting the government"
noun: a thing bought or offered for sale much more cheaply than is usual or expected.
"the table was a real bargain"
verb: negotiate the terms and conditions of a transaction.
"he bargained with the local council to rent the stadium"
verb: be prepared for; expect.
"I got more information than I'd bargained for"
barn
noun: a large farm building used for storing grain, hay, or straw or for housing livestock. 用于储存谷物，干草，或稻草或饲养牲畜的大型农场建筑。
noun(NORTH AMERICAN): a large shed used for storing vehicles. （北美）用于存放车辆的大型棚。
noun: a unit of area, 10^-28 square meters, used especially in particle physics. 面积单位，10 的 -28 次方平方米，特别是用于粒子物理。
basalt
- noun: a dark, fine-grained volcanic rock that sometimes displays a columnar structure. It is typically composed largely of plagioclase with pyroxene and olivine. 玄武岩，一种深色、细粒的火山岩，有时呈现柱状结构。它通常主要由斜长石、辉石和橄榄石组成。
beak
noun: a bird's norny projecting jaws; a bill.
"a parent bird with a caterpillar in its beak"
noun(INFORMAL·BRITISH): a magistrate or a schoolmaster.
beam
noun: a long, sturdy piece of squared timber or metal spanning an opening or part of a building, usually to support the roof or floor above. 横跨建筑物开口或部分的长而坚固的方形木材或金属，通常用于支撑上方的屋顶或地板，即横梁。
noun: a ray or shaft of light. 一束光。
noun: a radiant or good-natured look or smile. 容光焕发或和蔼可亲的表情或微笑。
verb: transmit (a radio signal or broadcast) in a specified direction. 向指定方向发射（无线电信号或广播）。
verb: (of a light or light source) shine brightly. （灯或光源）明亮地闪耀。
verb: smile radiantly. 笑容灿烂。
verb: construct a ceiling with exposed beams. 用裸露的横梁建造天花板。
phrase: a fault that is greater in oneself than in the person one is finding fault with. 自己的错误比被指责的人的错误更大。
phrase: off beam - on the wrong track; mistaken. 在错误的轨道上；错误。
phrase: on the beam - on the right track. 在正确的轨道上。
phrase: on her beam ends - (of a ship) heeled on its side; almost capsized. （船）侧倾；几乎翻船。
behalf
phrase: in/on behalf of - as a representative of or a proxy for. 作为代表。
phrase: in/on one's behalf - in the interest or aid of (someone). 为了（某人）的利益或帮助。
bellow
verb: (of a person or animal) emit a deep loud roar, typically in pain or anger.
"he bellowed in agony"
noun: a deep roaring shout or sound.
"a bellow of rage"
bellyful
noun: a quantity of food sufficient to fill one's stomach; a sustaining meal. 足以填饱肚子的食物量；一顿持续管饱的饭。
phrase: have a bellyful - become intolerant of someone or something after lengthy or repeated contact. 在长期或反复接触后变得对某人或某事不能容忍。
beneath
preposition: extending or directly underneath. 延伸或直接在下方。
preposition: at a lower level or layer than. 相比（其他）有较低的级别或层级。
adverb: extending or directly underneath something. 延伸或直接在某物下方。
adverb: at a lower level or layer. 在较低级别或层级。
beside the point
phrase: irrelevant; not relevant to the subject that you are discussing.
"Brian didn't like it, but that was beside the point."
better off
- phrase: in a more desirable or advantageous position, especially in financial terms. 处于更理想或更有利的位置，尤其是在财务方面。（同义词：well off）
bill
noun: an amount of money owed for goods supplied or services rendered, set out in a printed or written statement of charges. 对已供应的商品或已提供的服务所欠的金额，罗列在打印或手写的收费声明中。
noun: a draft of a proposed law presented to parliament for discussion. 提交议会讨论的法案草案。
noun: a program of entertainment, especially at a theater. 娱乐节目，尤指在剧院。
noun(NORTH AMERICAN): a banknote; a piece of paper money. （北美）一张钞票；一张纸币。
noun: a poster or handbill. 海报或传单。
verb: list (a person or event) in a program. 在程序中列出（一个人或事件）。
verb: send a note of charges to (someone). 向（某人）发送收费单。
phrase: fit the bill - be suitable for a particular purpose. 适合特定的目的。
noun: the beak of a bird, especially when it is slender, flattened, or weak, or belongs to a web-footed bird or a bird of the pigeon family. 鸟的喙，尤其当它细长，扁平，或脆弱，或属于蹼足鸟或鸽科鸟类时。
verb: (of birds, especially doves) stroke bill with bill during courtship. （鸟类，尤其是鸽子）在求偶期间用喙轻抚喙。
phrase: bill and coo - exchange caresses or affectionate words; behave or talk in a very loving or sentimental way. 交换爱抚或深情的话语；以充满爱意或感伤的方式行事或说话。
noun: a medieval weapon like a halberd with a hook instead of a blade. 中世纪的武器，比如有钩的戟，而不是有刀锋的。
biography
noun: an account of someone's life written by someone else. 其他人写的关于某人的生活记录，即传记。
biographies as a branch of literature. 传记作为文学的一个分支，即传记文学。
a human life in its course. 一个人的生活轨迹。
biomass
noun: the total mass of organisms in a given area or volume. 给定区域或体积内生物体的总量。
- organic matter used as a fuel, especially in a power station for the generation of electricity. 用作燃料的有机物质，特别是在发电站发电。
bipedal
- adjective(ZOOLOGY): (of an animal) using only two legs for walking.
bland
- adjective: lacking strong features or characteristics and therefore uninteresting. 缺乏强大的功能或特性，因此而显得无趣，即平淡无奇。
blanket
noun: a large piece of woollen or similar material used as a covering on a bed or else where for warmth.
"I slept on the ground covered by my blanket"
noun(PRINTING): a rubber surface used for transferring the image in ink from the plate to the paper in offset printing.
adjective: covering all cases or instances; total and inclusive.
"a blanket ban on tobacco advertising"
verb: cover completely with a thick layer of something.
"the countryside was blanketed in snow"
stifle or keep quiet (sound).
"the double glazing blankets the noise a bit"
verb(SAILING): take wind from the sails of (another craft) by passing to windward.
phrase: born on the wrong side of the blanket - illegitimate.
blip
noun: an unexpected, minor, and typically temporary deviation from a general trend.
"an upward blip in house prices"
noun: a short high-pitched sound made by an electronic device.
"computer games can drive you crazy with their blips and bleeps"
a flashing point of light on a radar screen representing an object, typically accompanied by a high-pitched sound.
"air traffic controllers watching the blips on their radars"
verb: (of an electronic device) make a short high-pitched sound or succession of sounds.
"big boxes of esoteric electronics hummed and blipped"
verb: open (the throttle of a motor vehicle) momentarily.
"he straddled the bike and blipped the throttle"
blow (past tense: blew; past participle: blown)
verb: (of wind) move creating an air current.
"a cold wind began to blow"
verb: expel air through pursed lips.
"Will took a deep breath, and blew"
verb: (of an explosion or explosive device) displace violently or send flying.
"the blast had blown the windows out of the van"
verb(INFORMAL): spend recklessly.
"they blew $100,000 in just eighteen months"
verb(INFORMAL): completely lose or miss (an opportunity).
"the wider issues were to show that politicians had blown it"
verb(INFORMAL·BRITISH): used in various expressions to express surprise or as a mild oath.
"“Well, blow me ,” he said, “I never knew that”"
verb(VULGAR·SLANG): perform fellatio on (a man).
verb(INFORMAL·US): be extremely bad or unwelcome.
""This blows," she sighs, "I want it to be next week already""
verb: (of flies) lay eggs in or on (something).
noun: a strong wind.
"we're in for a blow"
noun: an act of blowing an instrument.
"a number of blows on the whistle"
noun(INFORMAL·BRITISH): cannabis.
phrase: be blown off course - (of a project) be disrupted by some circumstance.
"short-term prospects can be blown off course by inflation"
phrase: blow someone's brains out - kill someone with a shot in the head.
"her third husband had blown his brains out"
phrase: blow chunks - vomit.
phrase: blow the doors off - be considerably better or more successful than.
"a package that blows the doors off anything on the market"
phrase: blow a fuse - lose one's temper.
"it was only a suggestion—there's no need to blow a fuse"
phrase: blow hot and cold - alternate inconsistently between two moods, attitudes, or courses of action.
"he had behaved badly, stringing her along, blowing hot and cold"
phrase: blow someone a kiss - kiss the tips of one's fingers then blow across them toward someone as a gesture of affection.
"she plunged into a waiting cab and blew Graham a kiss"
phrase: blow someone's mind - affect someone very strongly.
"the sound of a twelve-string guitar just blew my mind"
phrase: blow one's nose - clear one's nose of mucus by blowing through it into a handkerchief.
"he's wiping his eyes and blowing his nose into a huge silk handkerchief"
phrase: blow something out of proportion - exaggerate the importance of something.
phrase: blow someone or something out of the water - completely discredit someone or something by far surpassing them or exposing their flaws.
"I thought the first season was good, but season two blows it right out of the water"
phrase: blow something to pieces - use bombs or other explosives to destroy something, typically a building, completely.
"the commandos blew the base to pieces"
phrase: blow one's lid - lose one's temper.
"he really blew his lid in the course of losing"
phrase: blow one's cool - fail to stay calm or composed.
"blowing your cool occasionally doesn't make you a bad person"
phrase: blow up in one's face - (of an action, project, or situation) go drastically wrong with damaging effects to oneself.
"he never knew when a casual remark to a stranger might blow up in his face"
phrase: blow with the wind - be incapable of maintaining a consistent course of action.
"“You lack consistency,” said Bunny. “You blow with the wind.”"
phrase: blow away - impress someone greatly.
"I'm blown away by his new poem"
phrase: blow in - arrive casually and unannounced.
"sometimes he would blow in unexpectedly and say hello"
phrase: blow off - fail to keep an appointment with someone.
"I just made this date before I met you—I didn't want to blow her off"
phrase: blow out - be extinguished by an air current.
"the candles blew out"
phrase: blow over - (of trouble) fade away without serious consequences.
"if he would simply cool off, the whole matter would soon blow over"
phrase: blow up - explode.
"the car blew up as soon as it hit the wall"
noun: a powerful stroke with a hand, weapon, or hard object.
"he received a blow to the skull"
a sudden shock or disappointment.
"the news came as a crushing blow"
phrase: at one blow - by a single stroke; in one operation.
"the letter had destroyed his certainty at one blow"
phrase: come to blows - start fighting after a disagreement.
"the two actors reputedly almost came to blows"
phrase: soften the blow - make it easier to cope with a difficult change or upsetting news.
"monetary compensation was offered to soften the blow"
phrase: strike a blow for - act in support of.
"a chance to strike a blow for freedom"
phrase: strike a blow against - act in opposition to.
"voters struck a blow against corporate greed"
verb(ARCHAIC·LITERARY): produce flowers or be in flower.
"I know a bank where the wild thyme blows"
noun: the state or period of flowering.
"stocks in fragrant blow"
board
noun: a long, thin, flat piece of wood or other hard or stiff material, used for floors or other building purposes or various purposes. 长，薄，平的一块木头或其他硬质材料，用于地板或其他建筑用途或其他各种用途。
noun: a group of people constituted as the decision-making body of an organization. 一群人组成的一个组织的决策机构。
noun: the provision of regular meal when one stays somewhere, in return for payment or services. 提供定期的餐饮当一个人住在某个地方的时候，作为付款或服务的回报。
noun(SAILING): a distance covered by a vessel in a single tack. 一艘船单次航行经过的距离。
verb: get on or into (a ship, aircraft, or other vehicle). 登上或进入（船舶，飞机，或其他载具）。
verb: live and receive regular meals in a house in return for payment or services. 在一个房子中居住并获得定期的餐食，作为付款或服务的报酬。
verb: cover or seal a window, storefront, or other structure with pieces of wood. 用木板覆盖或密封窗户，店面，或其他结构。
verb: ride on a snowboard. 骑在滑雪板上。
phrase: go by the board - (of something planned or previously upheld) be abandoned, rejected, or ignored. （计划好的某事或以前坚持的某事）被放弃，拒绝，或忽略。
phrase: on board - on or in a ship, aircraft, or other vehicle. 在船舶，飞机，或其他载具上或内部。
phrase: take something on board - fully consider or assimilate a new idea or situation. 充分考虑或吸收新的想法或情况。
phrase: tread the boards - appear on stage as an actor. 作为演员出现在舞台上。
bold
adjective: (of a person, action, or idea) showing an ability to take risks; confident and courageous. （人，行为，或想法）表现出承担风险的能力；自信而勇敢。
adjective: (of a color or design) having a strong or vivid appearance. （颜色或设计）具有强烈或生动的外观。
noun: a bold typeface or letter. 粗体字或字母。
phrase: be so bold - dare to do something that might be considered audacious (used when politely asking a question or making a suggestion). 敢于做一些可能被认为是大胆的事情（用于礼貌地提出问题或提出建议）。
phrase: as bold as brass - confident to the point of impudence. 像黄铜一样大胆 - 自信到无礼的地步。
phrase: a bold stroke - a daring action or initiative. 大胆的行动或发起的事情。
bolt
noun: a bar that slides into a socket to fasten a door or window.
noun: a short, heavy arrow shot from a crossbow.
noun: a jagged white flash of lightning.
verb: fasten (a door or window) with a bar that slides into a socket.
phrase: a bolt from the blue - a sudden and unexpected event or piece of news.
"the job came like a bolt from the blue"
phrase: bolt upright - with the back very straight.
"she sat bolt upright in bed"
phrase: have shot one's bolt - have done all that is in one's power.
"Jean had shot her bolt as far as her Italian was concerned"
verb: (of a horse or other animal) run away suddenly, typically from fear.
verb: eat (food) quickly.
"there's no need to bolt your food"
phrase: make a bolt for - try to escape by moving suddenly towards (something).
"Ellie made a bolt for the door"
noun: a roll of fabric, originally as a measure.
"the room was stacked with bolts of cloth"
noun: a folded edge of a piece of paper that is trimmed off to allow it to be opened, as on a section of a book.
verb(ARCHAIC): pass (flour, powder, or other material) through a sieve.
booth
noun: a small temporary tent or strcture at a market, fair, or exhibition, used for selling goods, providing information, or staging shows. 市场，集市，或展览中的小的临时帐篷或结构，用于销售商品，提供信息，或布置展出。
noun: an enclosure or compartment allows privacy or seclusion, for example when voting, broadcasting or recording sound, or making a phone call. 允许隐私或隔离的围墙或隔间，例如在投票，广播或录音，或打电话时。
noun: a type of seating, typically in a restaurant or bar, consisting of two high-backed benches with a table between them. 一种座位，通常在餐厅或酒吧中，由两个高背长凳组成，它们之间有一张桌子。
bother
verb: take the trouble to do something.
"scientists rarely bother with such niceties"
verb: (of a circumstance or event) worry, disturb, or upset (someone).
"is there an issue that bothers you so much you'd campaign against it?"
noun: effort, trouble, or difficulty.
"he saved me the bother of having to come up with a speech"
exclamation: used to express mild irritation or impatience.
"‘Bother!’ she muttered"
boycott
verb: withdraw from commercial or social relations with (a country, organization, or person) as a punishment or protest.
"we will boycott all banks which take part in the loans scheme"
noun: a punitive ban that forbids relations with certain groups, cooperation with a policy, or the handling of goods.
"a boycott of the negotiations"
breed
verb: (of animals) mate and then produce offspring. （动物）交配，然后生产后代。
noun: a stock of animals or plants within a species having a distinctive appearance and typically having been developed by deliberate selection. 动物或植物种群中某物种中具有独特外观，通常是经过有意的选择发展起来的。
phrase: a breed apart - a sort or kind of person that is very different from the norm. 与规范非常不同的一种或一类人。
phrase: a dying breed - a sort or kind of person that is slowly disappearing. 正在慢慢消失的一种或一类人。
brittle
adjective: hard but liable to break easily.
"her bones became fragile and brittle"
noun: a brittle sweet made from nuts and set melted sugar.
"peanut brittle"
brochure
- noun: a small book or magazine containing pictures and information about a product or service. 包含有关产品或服务的图片和信息的小书或杂志。
bruise
noun: an injury appearing as an area of discoloured skin on the body, caused by a blow or impact rupturing underlying blood vessels.
"his body was a mass of bruises after he had been attacked"
verb: inflict a bruise or bruises on (a part of the body).
"I fell and bruised my knee"
verb: crush or pound (food).
"add the beans, tomatoes, and lime wedges and roughly bruise with the pestle"
bruising
adjective: causing a bruise or bruises.
"his legs took the bruising blows"
adjective: (of a competitive situation) conducted in an aggressive way and likely to be stressful.
"a bruising cabinet battle over public spending"
brush
noun: an iimplement with a handle, consisting of bristles, hair, or wire set into a block, used for cleaning or scrubbing, applying a liquid or powder to a surface, arranging the hair, or other purposes.
"a paint brush"
noun: a slight and fleeting touch.
"the lightest brush of his lips against her cheek"
a brief encounter with someone or something unpleasant or notable.
"a brush with death"
noun: the bushy tail of a fox.
noun: a thin stick set with long wire bristles, used to make a soft hissing sound on drums or cymbals.
noun: a piece of carbon or metal serving as an electrical contact with a moving part in a motor or alternator.
verb: remove (dust or dirt) by sweeping or scrubbing.
"we'll be able to brush the mud off easily"
verb: touch something lightly and gently.
"their fingers brushed as she took the glass from him"
push (something) away with a quick movement of the hand.
"she brushed a wisp of hair away from her face"
phrase: brush aside - dismiss something as being unimportant or not worth consideration; disregard something.
"this episode raises questions of legality that should not be brushed away"
phrase: brush back - (of a pitcher) force a batter to step back to avoid being hit by a ball pitched close to the body.
phrase: brush down - clean or neaten someone or something using one's hands or a brush.
"the cabin crew smoothed their hair and brushed down their crumpled uniforms"
phrase: brush off - dismiss someone or something in an abrupt way.
"I tried to talk to him but he just brushed me off"
phrase: brush past - come into contact with someone or something briefly in passing.
"Tobias brushed past and disappeared into the darkness"
phrase: brush up - improve one's previously good knowledge of or skill at a particular thing.
"these private lessons will give them a chance to brush up on their technique"
noun: undergrowth, small trees, and shrubs.
"trees and brush alongside the fields and channels are home to birds and other wildlife"
(NORTH AMERICAN) cut brushwood.
"volunteers worked at the site, piling up stacks of brush which city workers would later haul off"
bulk
noun: the mass or magnitude of something large. 大东西的质量或大小。
verb: be or seem to be of great size or importance. 具有或似乎具有很大规模或重要性。
verb: treat (a product) so that its quantity appears greater than it in fact is. 对待（产品），使其数量看起来比实际数量大。
phrase: in bulk
(especially of goods) in large quantities, usually at a reduced price. （尤其是商品）以大量的形式，通常以较低的价格。
(of a cargo or commodity) loose; not packaged. （货物或商品）松散的；未打包的。
bummer
noun: a thing that is annoying or disappointing. 一个恼人或扫兴的事物。
noun(NORTH AMERICAN): a loafer or vagrant. （北美）浪子或流浪汉。
exclamation(INFORMAL): used to express frustration or disappointment, typically sympathetically. （非正式）用于表达沮丧或失望，通常是同情地。
bun
noun: a bread roll of various shapes and flavorings, typically sweetened and often containing dried fruit. 各种形状和口味的面包卷，通常加糖并含有干果。
noun: a hairstyle in which the hair is drawn back into a tight coil at the back of the head. 一种发型，将头发向后拉在脑后形成一个紧紧的圈，即丸子头。
noun(INFORMAL·NORTH AMERICAN): a person's buttocks. （非正式·北美）一个人的臀部。
bureaucrat
noun: an official in a government department, in particular one perceived as being concerned with procedural correctness at the expense of people's needs.
"the unemployed will be dealt with not by faceless bureaucrats but by individuals"
burp
verb(INFORMAL): noisily release air from the stomach through the mouth; belch.
- make (a baby) belch after feeding, typically by patting its back.
noun: a noise made by air released from the stomach through the mouth; a belch.
burst
verb: (of a container) break suddenly and violently apart, spilling the contents, typically as a result of an impact or internal pressure.
"we inflated dozens of balloons and only one burst"
noun: an instance of breaking or splitting as a result of internal pressure or puncturing; an explosion.
buzz
noun: a low, continuous humming or murmuring sound, made by or similar to that made by an insect.
"the buzz of the bees"
noun: an atmosphere of excitement and activity.
"there is a real buzz about the place"
noun(INFORMAL): a rumour.
"there's a strong buzz that he's in Scotland"
verb: make a low, continuous humming sound.
"mosquitoes were buzzing all around us"
verb: move quickly or busily.
"she buzzed along the M1 back into town"
verb: (of a place) have an air of excitement or be full of lively activity.
"Westminster is buzzing with anticipation"
verb(INFORMAL·BRITISH): throw (something) hard.
phrase: buzz off - go away.
"we know what we're doing, so buzz off!"
by and large
phrase: on the whole; everything considered.
"mammals have, by and large, bigger brains than reptiles"
bypass
noun: a road passing around a town or its center to provide an alternative route for through traffic. 绕过城镇或其中心的道路，为通过交通提供替代路线。
noun: a secondary channel, pipe, or connection to allow a flow when the main one is closed or blocked. 当主要通道关闭或阻塞时允许流动的辅助通道、管道或连接。
noun: the alternative channel created during a bypass operation. 在心脏搭桥手术中建立的替代血管通道。
verb: go past or around. 穿过或绕过。
byproduct
- noun: an incidental or secondary product made in the manufacture or synthesis of something else. 在制造或合成其他东西时产生的附带或次要产品。
C
campaign
noun: an organized course of action to achieve a goal.
"the campaign for a full inquiry into the regime"
a set of organized actions that a political candidate undertakes in an attempt to win an election.
"an election campaign"
noun: a series of military operations intended to achieve a particular objective, confined to a particular area, or involving a specified type of fighting.
"a desert campaign"
verb: work in an organized and active way toward a particular goal, typically a political or social one.
"people who campaigned against child labor"
phrase: on the campaign trail — engaged in a political campaign.
"he has studiously avoided the subject on the campaign trail"
canal
noun: an artificial waterway constructed to allow the passage of boats or ships inland or to convey water for irrigation.
- a tubular duct in a plant or animal, serving to convey or contain food, liquid, or air. "the ear canal"
canonical
adjective: according to or ordered by canon law.
"the canonical rites of the Roman Church"
adjective: included in the list of sacred books officially accepted as genuine.
"the canonical Gospels of the New Testament"
accepted as being accurate and authoritative.
"the canonical method of comparative linguistics"
(of a writer or work) belonging to the literary canon.
"canonical writers like Jane Austen"
according to recognized rules or scientific laws.
"canonical nucleotide sequences"
(MATHEMATICS) relating to a general rule or standard formula.
adjective: relating to a cathedral chapter or a member of it.
"his college tutors were later his canonical colleagues"
noun: the prescribed official dress of the clergy.
"Cardinal Bea in full canonicals"
canteen
noun: a restaurant provided by an organization such as military camp, college, factory, or company for its soldiers, students, staff, etc. 由一个组织，例如军营，大学，工厂，或公司为其士兵，学生，雇员等提供的餐厅，即食堂。
noun: a small water bottle, as used by soldiers or campers. 小水瓶，供士兵或露营者使用。
capable
adjective: having the ability, fitness, or quality necessary to do or achieve a specified thing. 具有完成或完成特定事情所必需的能力、适合度或品质。
adjective: able to achieve efficiently whatever one has to do; competent. 能够有效地完成任何必须做的事情；胜任的。
capital
noun: the city or town that functions as the seat of government and administrative centre of a country or region. 作为一个国家或地区的政府所在地和行政中心的城市或城镇。
noun: wealth in the form of money or other assets owned by a person or organization or available for a purpose such as starting a company or investing. 个人或组织所拥有的金钱或其他资产形式的财富，或可以用于创办公司或投资的财富，即资本。
noun: a letter of the size and form used to begin sentences and names. 用在句首或名字中的字母大小及形式，即大写。
adjective: (of an offence or charge) liable to the death penalty. （罪行或指控）可判处死刑。
adjective: (of a letter of the alphabet) large in size and of the form used to begin sentences and names. （字母表中的某个字母）体积很大，并且是用在句首和名字中的形式。
adjective(DATED·INFORMAL): excellent. （过时的·非正式）出色的。
exclamation(DATED·INFORMAL): used to express approval, satisfaction, or delight. 感叹词（过时的·非正式）：用于表达赞同，满意，或高兴。
phrase: make capital out of - use to one's own advantage. 为某人所用。
phrase: with a capital - used to give emphasis to the word or concept in question. 用于强调问题中的词或概念。
caption
noun: a title or brief explanation appended to an article, illustration, cartoon, or poster.
"he designed a series of posters with the caption: “No One is Innocent”"
verb: provide (an illustration) with a title or explanation.
"the photograph was captioned “Three little maids.”"
captive
noun: a person who has been taken prisoner or an animal that has been confined. 被俘的人或被囚禁的动物。
adjective: imprisoned or confined. 被监禁或囚禁的。
carefree
adjective: free from anxiety or responsibility.
"we were young and carefree"
carpenter
noun: a person who makes and repairs wooden objects and structures. 制造和修理木制物品和结构的人。
verb: make by shaping wood. 通过塑造木头来制作东西。
carrier
noun: a person or thing that carries, holds, or conveys something. 携带、持有或传送某物的人或物。
noun: a person or company that undertakes the professional conveyance of goods or people. 从事职业运输货物或人的个人或公司。
noun: a person or animal that transmits a disease-causing organism to others. Typically, the carrier suffers no symptoms of the disease. 将致病有机体传播给他人的人或动物。通常，携带者没有疾病症状。
noun: a substance used to support or convey another substance such as a pigment, catalyst, or radioactive material. 用于支持或输送另一种物质（如颜料，催化剂，或放射性物质）的物质。
carve
verb: cut (a hard material) in order to produce an object, design, or inscription.
"the wood was carved with runes"
verb: cut (cooked meat) into slices for eating.
"he stood carving the roast chicken"
verb: establish (a career, role, or reputation) for oneself through hard work.
"she has been busy carving a successful career as a singer"
verb(SKIING): make (a turn) by tilting one's skis on to their edges and using one's weight to bend them so that they slide in an arc.
phrase: carve out - take something from a larger whole, especially with effort or difficulty.
"the company hopes to carve out a greater share of the $20 bn market"
phrase: carve up - divide something ruthlessly into separate areas or parts.
"West Africa was carved up by the Europeans"
cascade
noun: a small waterfall, typically one of several that fall in stages down a steep rocky slope.
"the waterfall raced down in a series of cascades"
noun: a large number or amount of something occurring at the same time.
"a cascade of anti-war literature"
noun: a process whereby something, typically information or knowledge, is successively passed on.
"the greater the number of people who are well briefed, the wider the cascade effect"
verb: (of water) pour downwards rapidly and in large quantities.
"water was cascading down the stairs"
verb: pass (something) on to a succession of others.
"teachers who are able to cascade their experience effectively"
verb: arrange (a number of devices or objects) in a series or sequence.
casualty
noun: a person killed or injured in a war or accident. 在战争或事故中死亡或受伤的人。
noun(BRITISH): the department of a hospital providing immediate treatment for emergency cases. 医院为紧急情况提供即时治疗的部门。
cataract
noun: a medical condition in which the lens of the eye becomes progressively opaque, resulting in blurred vision. 一种医疗情况，在这种情况下眼睛的晶状体逐渐变得不透明，导致视力模糊。
noun: a large waterfall. 巨大的瀑布。
cater
verb(NORTH AMERICAN): provide food and drink, typically at social events and in a professional capacity. 提供食物和饮料，通常在社交活动中并以专业身份。
phrase: cater for/to - provide someone with what is needed or required. 为某人提供需要或必要的东西，即迎合。
cause
noun: a person or thing that gives rise to an action, phenomenon, or condition. 引起动作，现象，或状况的人或事物，即缘由。
noun: a principle, aim, or movement that, because of a deep commitment, one is prepared to defend or advocate. 一种原则，目标，或运动，由于深深的承诺，一个人准备捍卫或倡导，即事业或目标。
noun: a matter to be resolved in a court of law. 需要在法庭上解决的问题。
verb: make (something, especially something bad) happen. 使（某事，尤其是坏事）发生。
phrase: cause and effect - the principle of causation. 因果关系的原则。
phrase: cause of action - a fact or facts that enable a person to bring an action against another. 一个或多个事实，使一个人能够对另一个人提起诉讼。
phrase: in the cause of - so as to support, promote, or defend something. 以支持，促进，或捍卫某事。
phrase: make common cause - unite in order to achieve a shared aim. 团结起来，以实现共同的目标。
phrase: a rebel without a cause - a person who is dissatisfied with society but does not have a specific aim to fight for. 对社会不满意但没有具体要奋斗的目标的人。
celestial
adjective: positioned in or relating to the sky, or outer space as observed in astronomy.
"a celestial body"
belonging or relating to heaven.
"the celestial city"
supremely good.
"the celestial beauty of music"
census
- noun: an official count or survey of a population, typically recording various detail of individuals. 对人口的官方统计或调查，通常记录个人的各种细节，即人口普查。
centurion
- noun: the commader of a century in the ancient Roman army. 在古罗马军队中的百人统帅；即百夫长。
ceremony
noun: a formal religious or public occasion, typically one celebrating a particular event or anniversary. 正式的宗教或公众场合，通常是庆祝特定事件或周年纪念日。
noun: the ritual observances and procedures performed at grand and formal occasions. 在隆重和正式场合举行的纪念仪式或流程。
chamber
noun: a large room used for formal or public events. 用于正式或公共事件的大房间。
noun(ARCHAIC): a private room, especially a bedroom. （古老）私人房间，尤其是卧室。
noun: an enclosed space or cavity. 封闭的空间或空腔。
noun(MUSIC): of or for a small group of instruments. （音乐）关于一小组乐器。
verb: place (a bullet) into the chamber of a gun. 将（一颗子弹）放入枪膛。
chances are
- idiom: it is very likely that. 很有可能。
charge
verb: demand (an amount) as a price from someone for a service rendered or goods supplied.
"he charged me 2 euros for the postcard"
verb: accuse (someone) of something, especially an offense under law.
"they were charged with assault"
verb: entrust (someone) with a task as a duty or responsibility.
"the committee was charged with reshaping the educational system"
verb: store electrical energy in (a battery or battery-operated device).
"the shaver can be charged up and used while traveling"
verb: rush forward in attack.
"the plan is to charge headlong at the enemy"
verb(HERALDRY): place a heraldic bearing on.
"a pennant argent, charged with a cross gules"
noun: a price asked for goods or services.
"an admission charge"
noun: an accusation, typically one formally made against a prisoner brought to trial.
"he appeared in court on a charge of attempted murder"
noun: the responsibility of taking care or control of someone or something.
"the people in her charge are pupils and not experimental subjects"
noun: the property of matter that is responsible for electrical phenomena, existing in a positive or negative form.
noun: a quantity of explosive to be detonated in order to fire a gun or similar weapon.
"smaller charges, fired on three minute fuses lit by hand"
noun: a headlong rush forward, typically one made by attacking soldiers in battle.
"a cavalry charge"
noun(HERALDRY): a device or bearing placed on a shield or crest.
phrase: free of charge - without any payment due.
phrase: in charge - in control or with overall responsibility.
"he was in charge of civil aviation matters"
phrase: press charges - accuse someone formally of a crime so that they can be brought to trial.
"the victims often refuse to press charges"
phrase: take charge - assume control or responsibility.
"the candidate must take charge of an actual flight"
chatter
verb: talk rapidly or incessantly about trivial matters.
"the kids chattered and splashed at the edge of the lagoon"
(of a bird, monkey, or machine) make a series of quick high-pitched sounds.
"parrots chattered in the sunlight"
(of a person's teeth) click repeatedly together from cold or fear.
"his teeth were chattering"
noun: incessant trivial talk.
"a stream of idle chatter"
electronic or radio communication, especially between individuals being monitored by a government agency as a result of suspected involvement in terrorist activity or espionage.
"officials refused to comment on a news report that the patrols were resumed due to increased internet chatter"
noun: a series of quick high-pitched sounds.
"the chatter of a typewriter"
undesirable vibration in a mechanism.
"the wipers should operate without chatter"
phrase: the chattering classes — educated people, especially those in academic, artistic, or media circles.
"the politically correct voice of the chattering classes"
citizenry
- noun: the citizens of a place regarded collectively. 被统一看待的一个地方的公民们，即公民（抽象概念上的）。
civility
noun: formal politeness and courtesy in behavior or speech.
"I hope we can treat each other with civility and respect"
civil servant (公务员)
- noun: a member of the civil service.
chipmunk
- noun: a burrowing ground squirrel with cheek pouches and light and dark stripes running down the body, found in North America and northern Eurasia. 花栗鼠，在北美和欧亚大陆北部发现的一种地面穴居松鼠，脸部带有颊囊并且有沿着身体延伸的明暗条纹。
chomp
verb: munch or chew noisily or vigorously.
"she chomped on a roll"
noun: a chewing noise or action.
phrase: chomp at the bit - be restlessly impatint to start doing something.
"some students are chomping at the bit to learn"
chop
verb: cut (something) into pieces with repeated sharp blows of an axe or knife.
"they chopped up the pulpit for firewood"
verb: abolish or reduce the size of (something) in a way regarded as ruthless.
"their training courses are to be chopped"
noun: a downward cutting blow or movement, typically with the hand.
"an effective chop to the back of the neck"
noun(INFORMAL·BRITISH): dismissal from employment.
"hundreds more workers have been given the chop"
noun: a thick slice of meat, especially pork or lamb, adjacent to and often including a rib.
"he lived on liver or chops"
noun(NORTH AMERICAN): crushed or ground grain used as animal feed.
"the pile of chop was dropped into the calves' feeder"
noun: the broken motion of water, typically due to the action of the wind against the tide.
"we started our run into a two-foot chop"
phrase: chop logic — argue in a tiresomely pedantic way; quibble.
noun(ARCHAIC): a trademark; a brand of goods.
phrase: not much chop — unsatisfactory.
"that veranda's not much chop in bad weather"
verb(WEST AFRICAN): eat.
"come chop the soup I made for you"
verb(WEST AFRICAN): acquire (money) quickly or easily, typically by dishonest means.
"we're chopping money like we're just plucking it from a tree"
noun(WEST AFRICAN): a small dish that can conveniently be eaten with the fingers, typically served as an appetizer.
"wedding guests have come to expect a good selection of mouthwatering small chops"
chromosome
- noun(BIOLOGY): a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.
chronic
adjective: (of an illness) persisting for a long time or constantly recurring.
(of a person) having an illness persisting for a long time or constantly recurring.
"a chronic asthmatic"
(of a problem) long-lasting and difficult to eradicate.
"the school suffers from chronic overcrowding"
(of a person) having a particular bad habit.
"a chronic liar"
chronological
- adjective: (of a record of events) starting with the earliest and following the order in which they occurred. （事件的记录）从最早的开始，按事件发生的顺序，即纪年的，时间顺序的。
clamp
noun: a brace, band, or clasp used for strengthening or holding things together.
- an electric circuit that serves to maintain the voltage limits of a signal at prescribed levels.
verb: fasten (something) in place with a clamp.
"the sander is clamped onto the edge of a workbench"
fasten (two things) firmly together.
"the two frames are clamped together"
hold (something) tightly against or in another thing.
"Maggie had to clamp a hand over her mouth to stop herself from laughing"
maintain the voltage limits of (an electrical signal) at prescribed values.
phrase: clamp down — suppress or prevent something in an oppressive or harsh manner.
"the authorities have also clamped down on public demonstrations"
noun(BRITISH): a heap of potatoes or other root vegetables stored under straw or earth.
noun(BRITISH): a three-sided structure used to store silage.
"a silage clamp"
clash
noun: a violent confrontation. 激烈的对抗。
noun: a mismatch of colours. 颜色不匹配。
noun: a loud jarring sound, as of metal objects being struck together. 响亮刺耳的声音，就像金属物体被撞在一起一样。
verb: meet and come into violent conflict. 遭遇或陷入激烈冲突。
verb: (of colours) appear discordant or ugly when placed close to each other. （颜色）当被放置在一起时显得不协调或难看。
verb: strike (cymbals) together, producing a loud discordant sound. 敲击（钹）到一起，产生巨大的不和谐的声音。
class action 集体诉讼
clergy
noun: the body of all people ordained for religious duties, especially in the Christian Church.
"all marriages were to be solemnized by the clergy"
clientele
- noun: clients collectively. 客户群体。
cling-film
- noun: a thin transparent plastic film that adheres to surfaces and to itself, used as a wrapping or covering for food; plastic wrap. 一种薄的透明的塑料薄膜，可以吸附在表面或自身上，用作食品的包装或覆盖；塑料的包装。即保鲜膜。
clinical
adjective: relating to the observation and treatment of actual patients ratherthan theoretical or laboratory studies. 与实际患者的观察和治疗有关，而不是理论或实验室研究，即临床的。
adjective: efficient and unemotional; coldly detached. 高效而冷静；冷漠地分离。
cloak
noun: an outdoor overgarment, typically sleeveless, that hangs loosely from the shoulders.
something serving to hide or disguise something.
"lifting the cloak of secrecy on the arms trade"
verb: dress in a cloak.
"she cloaked herself in black"
hide, cover, or disguise (something).
"the horror of war was cloaked in the trappings of chivalry"
clog
noun: a shoe with a thick wooden sole. 木屐
noun: an encumbrance or impediment.
"a clog in the system"
verb: block or become blocked with an accumulation of thick, wet matter. （口语中常用 clog the toilet 指堵了马桶）
"the gutters were clogged up with leaves"
fill up or crowd (something) so as to obstruct passage.
"tourists clog the roads in summer"
cloud
noun: a visible mass of condensed water vapor floating in the atmosphere, typically high above the ground.
"the sun had disappeared behind a cloud"
an indistinct or billowing mass, especially of smoke or dust.
"a cloud of dust"
a large number of insects or birds moving together.
"clouds of orange butterflies"
a vague patch of color in or on a liquid or transparent surface.
noun: a state or cause of gloom, suspicion, trouble, or worry.
"a black cloud hung over their lives"
a frowning or depressed look.
"a cloud passed over Jessica's face"
noun: networked computing facilities providing remote data storage and processing services via the internet.
"once you are logged in to your cloud storage space, you can upload files to it and share them with others"
verb: (of the sky) become overcast with clouds.
"the blue skies clouded over abruptly"
darken (the sky) with clouds.
"the western sky was still clouded"
verb: make or become less clear or transparent.
"blood pumped out, clouding the water"
make (a matter or mental process) unclear or uncertain; confuse.
"don't allow your personal feelings to cloud your judgment"
spoil or mar (something).
"the general election was clouded by violence"
verb: (of someone's face or eyes) show worry, sorrow, or anger.
"his expression clouded over"
(of such an emotion such as worry, sorrow, or anger) show in (someone's face).
"suspicion clouded her face"
phrase: in the clouds - out of touch with reality.
"this clergyman was in the clouds"
phrase: on cloud nine - extremely happy.
"I was on cloud nine once I had completed it"
phrase: under a cloud - under suspicion or discredited.
"he left under something of a cloud, accused of misappropriating funds"
phrase: have one's head in the clouds - (of a person) be out of touch with reality; be daydreaming.
code
noun: a system of words, letters, figures, or other symbols substituted for other words, letters, etc., especially for the purposes of secrecy. 一种用词，字母，数字，或其他符号代替其他词，字母等的系统，尤其是用于保密。
noun(COMPUTING): program instructions. 程序指令。
noun: a systematic collection of laws or regulations. 法律或法规的系统集合。
verb: convert (the words of a message) into a particular code in order to convey a secret meaning. 将（消息的词）转换为特殊的代码以传达秘密的含义。
verb: write code for (a computer program). 为（计算机程序）编写代码。
verb(BIOCHEMISTRY): specify the genetic sequence for (an amino acid or protein). （生物化学）定义基因序列为（氨基酸或蛋白质）。
phrase(NORTH AMERICAN): bring something up to code - renovate or update an old building in line with the latest building regulations. （北美）根据最新的建筑法规翻新或更新旧建筑。
cognition
noun: the mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses. 通过思想、经验和感官获取知识和理解的心理活动或过程，即认知。
- a perception, sensation, idea, or intuition resulting from the process of cognition. 由认知过程产生的知觉、感觉、想法或直觉。
collective
adjective: done by people acting as a group.
"a collective protest"
belonging or relating to all the members of a group.
"ministers who share collective responsibility"
taken as a whole; aggregate.
"the collective power of the workforce"
noun: a cooperative enterprise.
"the exhibition showcases the work of art collectives from more than 20 countries"
- a collective farm.
college
noun: an educational institution or establishment, in particular one providing higher education or specialized professional or vocational training.
"my brother wanted to go to college"
noun: an organized group of professional people with particular aims, duties, and privileges.
"the electoral college"
colony
noun: a country or area under the full or partial political control of another country, typically a distant one, and occupied by settlers from that country.
"Japanese forces overran the French colony of Indo-China"
noun: a group of people of one nationality or ethnic group living in a foreign city or country.
"the British colony in New York"
noun(BIOLOGY): a community of animals or plants of one kind living close together or forming a physically connected structure.
"a colony of seals"
column
noun: an upright pillar, typically cylindrical and made of stone or concrete, supporting an entablature, arch, or other structure or standing alone as a monument. 一根直立的柱子，通常是圆柱形的，由石头或混凝土制成，支撑着柱顶、拱门或其他结构，或者作为纪念碑。
a vertical, roughly cylindrical thing. 垂直，圆柱形的东西。
an upright shaft forming part of a machine and typically used for controlling it. 构成机器一部分的直立轴，通常用于控制机器。
noun: a vertical division of a page or text. 页面或文本的垂直划分。
a vertical arrangement of figures or other information. 数字或其他信息的垂直排列。
a section of a newspaper or magazine regularly devoted to a particular subject or written by a particular person. 报纸或杂志中定期针对特定主题或由特定人撰写的部分，即专栏。
noun: one or more lines of people or vehicles moving in the same direction. 一列或多列人或车向同一方向移动。
(MILITARY) a narrow-fronted deep formation of troops in successive lines. 连续窄向纵深排列的部队。
a military force or convoy of ships. 部队或护航舰队。
commitment
noun: the state or quality of being dedicated to a cause, activity, etc.
"the company's commitment to quality"
noun: an engagement or obligation that restricts freedom of action.
"business commitments"
commodity
- noun: a raw material or primary agricultural product that can be bought and sold, such as copper or coffee. 可以被买卖的原材料或初级农产品，例如铜或咖啡，即商品。
commonness
- noun: the quality of being general or widespread or having general applicability. the state of being that is commonly observed.
commute
verb: travel some distance between one's home and place of work on a regular basis. 定期往返于家和工作地点之间的一段距离，即通勤。
verb: reduce (a judicial sentence, especially a sentence of death) to another less severe one. 减轻（司法判决，尤其是死刑判决）至另一个不严重的判决。
verb(MATHEMATICS): (of two operations or quantities) have a commutative relation. （数学）（两个操作或数量）具有交换关系。
noun: a regular journey of some distance to and from one's place of work. 往返工作地的一定距离的常规路程。
companion
noun: a person or animal with whom one spends a lot of time or with whom one travels. 共度大量时光或一起旅行的人或动物。
noun: one of a pair of things intended to complement or match each other. 一对事物中的一个，目的是补充或匹配另一个。
noun: a member of the lowest grade of certain orders of knighthood. 某些骑士团中最低等级成员。
verb(FORMAL): accompany. （正式）陪伴。
noun: a covering over the hatchway leading below decks. 在通往甲板下方的舱口上的覆盖。
compass
noun: an instrument containing a magnetized pointer which shows the direction of magnetic north and bearings from it. 一种包含磁化指针的仪器，可以显示磁北的方向和方位，即指南针。
noun: an instrument for drawing circles and arcs and measuring distances between points, consisting of two arms linked by a movable joint, one arm ending in a point and the other usually carrying a pencil or pen. 一种用于绘制圆和弧以及测量点之间距离的仪器，由通过活动关节连接的两只手臂组成，一只手臂末端为一个点，另一只通常拿着铅笔或钢笔，即圆规。
noun: the range or scope of something. 某事的范围。
verb(ARCHAIC): go around (something) in a circular course. 绕着（某物）以环形路线。
- surround or enclose on all sides. 四面包围或封闭。
verb(ARCHAIC): contrive to accomplish (something). 设法完成（某事）。
compassion
- noun: sympathetic pity and concern for the sufferings or misfortunes of others. 同情怜悯和关心他人的痛苦或不幸。
compassionate
- adjective: feeling or showing sympathy and concern for others. 对他人表示同情和关心。
compel
verb: force or oblige (someone) to do something. 强迫或迫使某人做某事。
"a sense of duty compelled Harry to answer her questions"
compelling
adjective: evoking interest, attention, or admiration in a powerfully irresistible way. 以一种强有力的不可抗拒的方式引起人们的兴趣，关注，或敬佩，即引人入胜的或令人信服的。
"his eyes were strangely compelling"
not able to be refuted; inspiring conviction.
"there is compelling evidence that the recession is ending"
not able to be resisted; overwhelming.
"the temptation to give up was compelling"
compensate
verb: give (someone) something, typically money, in recognition of loss, suffering, or injury incurred; recompense. 给（某人）一些东西，通常是金钱，以补偿遭受的损失，痛苦，或伤害；补偿。
verb: reduce or counteract (something unwelcome or unpleasant) by exerting an opposite force or effect. 通过施加相反的力或影响的方式减少或抵消（一些不受欢迎或不愉快的事）。
compensation
- noun: something, typically money, awarded to someone as a recompense for loss, injury, or suffering. 奖励给某人的东西，通常是金钱，作为对损失，伤害，或痛苦的补偿。（北美，常用于表示薪水）
compensatory
adjective: (of a payment) intended to recompense someone who has experienced loss, suffering, or injury.
"$50 million in compensatory damages"
reducing or offsetting the unpleasant or unwelcome effects of something.
"the government is taking compensatory actions to keep the interest rate constant"
competent
- adjective: having the necessary ability, knowledge, or skill to do something successfully. 具有成功地做某事所必需的能力，知识或技能。
complementary
adjective: combining in such a way as to enhance or emphasize the qualities of each other or another. 以某种方式结合以增强或强调彼此或另一个人的品质，即附加，补充，辅助。
"three guitarists playing interlocking, complementary parts"
adjective: relating to complementary medicine. 关于辅助医学的。
"complementary therapies such as aromatherapy"
compliance (comply 的名词)
noun: the action or fact of complying with a wish or command. 遵从愿望或命令的行为或事实。
unworthy or excessive acquiescence. 不值得或过度的默许。
the state or fact of according with or meeting rules or standards. 符合或满足规则或标准的状态或事实。
noun(PHYSICS): the property of a material of undergoing elastic deformation or (of a gas) change in volume when subjected to an applied force. It is equal to the reciprocal of stiffness. （物理）材料在受力时发生弹性变形或（气体）体积变化的特性。它等于刚度的倒数。
- (MEDICINE) the ability of an organ to distend in response to applied pressure. （医学）器官响应施加的压力而扩张的能力。
complimentary
adjective: expressing a compliment; praising or approving.
"Jennie was very complimentary about Kathy's riding"
adjective: given or supplied free of charge.
"a complimentary bottle of wine"
compose
verb: write or create (a work of art, especially music or poetry).
"he composed the First Violin Sonata four years earlier"
verb: (of elements) constitute or make up (a whole).
"the system is composed of a group of machines"
verb: calm or settle (oneself or one's features or thoughts).
"she tried to compose herself"
verb: prepare (a text) for printing by manually, mechanically, or electronically setting up the letters and other characters in the order to be printed.
"in offices where close-set text was composed both men and women pieceworkers were normally employed"
composition
noun: the nature of something's ingredients or constituents; the way in which a whole or mixture is made up.
"the social composition of villages"
noun: a work of music, literature, or art.
"Chopin's most romantic compositions"
noun: the preparing of text for printing by setting up the characters in order.
"an external contractor providing computerized composition and typesetting"
noun: a legal agreement to pay an amount of money in lieu of a larger debt or other obligation.
"he had been released by deed on making a composition with the creditors"
comprehend
verb: grasp mentally; understand. 精神上把握；理解。
verb(FORMAL): include, comprise, or encompass. （正式）包括，包含，或涵盖。
compromise
noun: an agreement or a settlement of a dispute that is reached by each side making concessions.
"eventually they reached a compromise"
an intermediate state between conflicting alternatives reached by mutual concession.
"a compromise between the freedom of the individual and the need to ensure orderly government"
noun: the expedient acceptance of standards that are lower than is desirable.
"sexism should be tackled without compromise"
verb: settle a dispute by mutual concession.
"in the end we compromised and deferred the issue"
verb: accept standards that are lower than is desirable.
"we were not prepared to compromise on safety"
weaken or harm by accepting standards that are lower than is desirable.
"he won't accept any decisions which compromise his principles"
verb: bring into disrepute or danger by indiscreet, foolish, or reckless behavior.
"situations in which his troops could be compromised"
cause to become vulnerable or function less effectively.
"yo-yo dieting can compromise your immune system"
compulsion (compel 的变形)
noun: the action or state of forcing or being forced to do something; constraint. 强迫或被迫做某事的行为或状态；约束，即义务。
noun: an irresistible urge to behave in a certain way, especially against one's conscious wishes. 一种不可抗拒的以某种方式行事的冲动，尤其是违背一个人有意识的意愿，即强迫症。
compulsive (compel 的变形)
adjective: resulting from or relating to an irresistible urge, especially one that is against one's conscious wishes. 由于或关于不可抗拒的冲动，尤其是违背某人有意识的意愿的。
adjective: irresistibly interesting or exciting; compelling. 令人无法抗拒的有趣的或兴奋的；引人入胜的。
compulsory（compel 的变形）
- adjective: required by law or a rule; obligatory. 法律或规则要求的；强制性的，即义务的。
con
verb(INFORMAL): persuade (someone) to do or believe something, typically by use of a deception. （非正式）说服（某人）去做或相信某事，通常使用欺骗的手段。
noun(INFORMAL): an instance of deceiving or tricking someone. （非正式）欺骗或捉弄某人的例子。
noun: a disadvantage. 一个缺点。
noun(INFORMAL): a convict. （非正式）罪犯。
verb(ARCHAIC): study attentively or learn by heart (a piece of writing). （古老的）专心学习或用心学习（一篇写作）。
noun(INFORMAL): a convention, especially one for enthusiasts of science fiction and fantasy literature and films. 一场大会，尤其是为科幻小说和奇幻文学以及电影爱好者而设的。
verb(NAUTICAL): direct the steering of (a ship). （航海）指挥（船）的操舵。
noun(NAUTICAL): the action or post of conning a ship. 指挥船舶的行为或职位。
conbustion
noun: 烧东西的过程。
noun(CHEMISTRY): rapid chemical combination of a substance with oxygen, involving the production of heat and light. （化学）物质与氧气的快速化学结合，过程包括了产生热和光。
conceive
verb: create (an embryo) by fertilizing an egg. 通过使卵子受精来创造（胚胎）。
verb: form or devise (a plan or idea) in the mind. 在头脑中形成或设计（计划或想法）。
concern
verb: relate to; be about. 有关，关于。
verb: worry(someone); make anxious. 担忧（某人）；使焦虑。
noun: anxiety; worry. 焦虑；担忧。
noun: a matter of interest or importance to someone. 某人感兴趣或重要的事情。
noun: a business; a firm. 商业；公司。
noun(INFORMAL DATED): a complicated or awkward object or structure. 复杂或笨拙的物体或结构。
phrase: as far as ... is concerned - as regards the interests or case of. 关于...利益或情况的。
phrase(FORMAL): have no concern with - have nothing to do with. （正式）无关的。
phrase: to whom it may concern - a formula placed at the beginning of a letter or document when the identity of the reader or readers is unknown. 当一个或多个读者的身份不明时，放在信件或文件开头的公式。
concession
noun: a thing that is granted, especially in response to demands.
"the government was unwilling to make any further concessions"
noun: a preferential allowance or rate given by an organization.
"tax concessions"
noun: the right to use land or other property for a specified purpose, granted by a government, company, or other controlling body.
"new logging concessions"
concrete
adjective: existing in a material or physical form; not abstract. 以物质或物理形式存在，而不是抽象的。
noun: a heavy, rough building material made from a mixture of broken stone or gravel, sand, cement, and water, that can be spread or poured into molds and that forms a mass resembling stone on hardening. 一种由碎石，沙子，水泥，水混合而成的重型，粗糙建筑材料，可以被放在模具中硬化形成一个大块的类似石头的东西。即混凝土。
verb: cover (an area) with concrete. 用混凝土覆盖（区域）。
verb(ARCHAIC): form (something) into a mass; solidify. （古老）将（某物）形成一团；固化。
condemn
verb: express complete disapproval of, typically in public; censure. 表达完全不赞成，通常在是公开场合；谴责。
verb: sentence (someone) to a particular punishment, especially death. 判处（某人）特定的惩罚，尤其是死刑。
conduct
noun: the manner in which a person behaves, especially in a particular place or situation. 一个人的行为方式，尤其是在特定场合或特定情况下。
"they were arrested for disorderly conduct"
noun: the manner in which an organization or activity is managed or directed. 管理活动或组织的行为或方式。
"the conduct of the elections"
verb: organize and carry out. 组织并实施。
"in the second trial he conducted his own defence"
verb: lead or guide (someone) to or around a particular place. 带领或引导（某人）到一个特定的地方或其周围。
"he conducted us through his personal gallery of the Civil War"
verb(PHYSICS): transmit (a form of energy such as heat or electricity) by conduction. （物理）通过传导来传输（一种能量形式，如热或电）。
"heat is conducted to the surface"
verb: direct the performance of (a piece of music or an orchestra, choir, etc.). 执导表演（一段音乐，管弦乐，合唱或其他）。
"the concert is to be conducted by Sir Simon Rattle"
verb: behave in a specified way. 以特定的方式表现或行事。
"he conducted himself with the utmost propriety"
confer
verb: grant or bestow (a title, degree, benefit, or right). 授予或赐予（头衔，学位，福利，或权利）。
verb: have discussions; exchange opinions. 进行讨论；交换意见（名词 conference 会议）。
confess
- verb: admit or state that one has committed a crime or is at fault in some way. 以某种方式承认或表明某人犯了罪或有过错，即承认或忏悔。
conform
- verb: comply with rules, standards, or laws. 遵守规则、标准或法律，即顺从，顺应（固定搭配加 to ）。
confront
verb: meet (someone) face to face with hostile or argumentative intent. 以敌对或争论的意图与（某人）面对面。
"he confronted the robbers as they were trying to leave"
(of a problem, difficulty, etc.) present itself to (someone) so that dealing with it cannot be avoided.
"post-czarist Russia was confronted with a Ukrainian national movement"
face up to and deal with (a problem or difficult situation).
"usually the best thing you can do in an embarrassing situation is to confront it head on"
compel (someone) to face or consider something, especially by way of accusation.
"Tricia confronted him with her suspicions"
appear or be placed in front of (someone) so as to unsettle or threaten.
"we were confronted with pictures of moving skeletons"
confrontation
noun: a hostile or argumentative meeting or situation between opposing parties.
"a confrontation with the legislature"
confusion
noun: lack of understanding; uncertainty. 缺乏理解、不确定。
noun: a situation of panic; a breakdown of order; a disorderly jumble. 恐慌的情况，秩序的毁坏，无序的混乱。
congregate
verb: gather into a crowd or mass.
"some 4,000 demonstrators had congregated at a border point"
connotation
- noun: an idea or feeling that a word invokes in addition to its literal or primary meaning. 一个词除字面或主要意思之外还唤起了其他的想法或感受。
conscious
- adjective: aware of and responding to one's surroundings; awake. 了解并响应周围的环境；苏醒，即有察觉的，有意识的。
consent
noun: permisson for something to happen or agreement to do something. 对某事发生的允许或对做某事的同意。
verb: give permission for something to happen. 允许某事发生。
phrase: by common consent - with the agreement of all. 经过所有人的同意。
phrase: informed consent - permisssion granted in the knowledge of the possible consequences, typically that which is given by a patient to a doctor for treatment with full knowledge of the possible risks and benefits. 许可被授予在知道可能的结果的情况下，通常是被患者给予医生的，对完全知道可能的风险与收益的治疗手段，即知情同意。
consequence
noun: a result or effect, typically one that is unwelcome or unpleasant. 结果或影响，通常是不受欢迎或不愉快的。
noun: importance or relevance. 重要性或相关性。
noun: a game in which a narrative is made up by the players in turn, each ignorant of what has already been contributed. 一个由玩家轮流编造故事的游戏，每个人都不知道已经贡献了什么。
phrase: in consequence - as a result. 因此。
consequent
adjective: following as a result or effect.
"labor shortages would be created with a consequent increase in wages"
noun: a thing that follows another.
consequently
adverb: as a result. 因此。
"flexible workers find themselves in great demand, and consequently earn high salaries"
conservation
noun: prevention of wasteful use of a resource. 防止资源的浪费。
noun(PHYSICS): the principle by which the total value of a physical quantity or parameter (such as energy, mass, linear or angular momentum) remains constant in a system which is not subject to external. （物理学）物理量或参数（如能量，质量，线性或角动量）的总值在不受外部影响的系统中保持恒定的原理。
conservative
adjective: averse to change or innovation and holding traditional values. 厌恶改变或创新并持有传统价值观。
adjective: (in a political context) favouring free enterprise, private ownership, and socially traditional ideas. （在政治背景下）支持自由企业，私有制，和社会传统观念。
adjective: (of an estimate) purposely low for the sake of caution. （预算）为了谨慎起见故意降低。
adjective: (of surgery or medical treatment) intended to control rather than eliminate a condition, with existing tissue preserved as far as possible. （外科手术或医疗）目的是控制而不是消除病情，尽可能多地保留组织。
noun: a person whos is averse to change and holds traditional values. 不愿改变并持有传统价值观的人。
noun: a person favouring free enterprise, private ownership, and socially traditional ideas. 支持自由企业，私有制，和社会传统观念的人。
phrase: conservative with a small 'c' - said of someone who is conservative in outlook but does not necessarily vote for or support a conservative party. 保守派，但是个小写 c - 是说某人表面看起来是保守派，但不一定投票给保守党。
consolidate
verb: make (something) physically stronger or more solid. 使（某物）在身体上更强壮或更坚固。
verb: combine (a number of things) into a single more effective or coherent whole. 将（许多事物）组合成一个更有效或更连贯的整体。
conspicuous
adjective: standing out so as to be clearly visible. 突出以便可以清晰看见。
phrase: conspicuous by one's absence - obviously not present in a place where one should be. 明显缺席在某人本应该在的地方。
constitute
verb: be (a part) of a whole. 作为整体的（一部分），即构成。
verb: be or be equivalent to (something). 是或等同于（某物）。
verb: give legal or constitutional form to (an institution); establish by law. 赋予（机构）法律或宪法形式；依法设立。
consult
verb: seek information or advice from (someone with expertise in a particular area). 向（具有特定领域专业知识的人）寻求信息或建议。
noun(NORTH AMERICAN): an act of consulting a professional; a consultation. 名词（北美）：咨询专业人士的行为；咨询。
contemplate
- verb: look thoughtfully for a long time at. 若有所思地看了很长时间，即凝视，也常表示深思。
contemporary
adjective: living or occurring at the same time.
"the event was recorded by a contemporary historian"
adjective: belonging to or occurring in the present.
"the tension and complexities of our contemporary society"
noun: a person or thing living or existing at the same time as another.
"he was a contemporary of Darwin"
contempt
verb: the feeling that a person or a thing is beneath consideration, worthless, or deserving scorn.
"he showed his contempt for his job by doing it very badly"
phrase: beneath contempt - utterly worthless or despicable.
"tawdry trash that is beneath contempt"
phrase: hold in contempt - judge (someone) to have committed the offense of contempt of court.
"the advocate was held in contempt for subpoenaing the judge"
contemptible
- adjective: deserving contempt; despicable. 值得鄙视的；卑鄙的。
contend
verb: struggle to surmount (a difficulty or danger). 努力克服（困难或危险）。（常见固定搭配 contend with sth.）
- engage in a competition or campaign in order to win or achieve (something). 为了赢得或实现（某事）而参与竞争或征战。（常见固定搭配 contend for sth.）
verb: assert something as a position in an argument. 断言某事作为争论中的立场。（常跟宾语从句 contend that）
content
adjective: in a state of peaceful happiness. 处于平和幸福的状态。
verb: satisfy (someone). 满足（某人）（固定搭配 be content with）。
noun: a state of satisfaction. 满意的状态。
noun: a member of the British House of Lords who votes for a particular motion. 投票支持一个特别议案的英国上议院议员。
noun: the things that are held or included in something. 持有或包含在某事物中的事物，即内容。
contest
noun: an event in which people compete for supremacy in a sport, activity, or particular quality. 人们在一项运动、活动或特定质量方面争夺至高无上的地位的事件。
verb: engage in competition to attain (a position of power). 参与竞争以获得（权力地位）。
verb: oppose (an action, decision, or theory) as mistaken or wrong. 反对（行动，决定，或理论）认为是错误的。
phrase: no contest - a plea by which a defendant in a criminal prose cution accepts conviction but does not plead or admit guilt. 刑事诉讼中的被告接受定罪但不认罪的抗辩。
contractor
- noun: a person or company that undertakes a contract to provide materials or labor to perform a service or do a job. 签订合同提供材料或劳动力以执行服务或工作的个人或公司，即承包商。
contradictory
- adjective: mutually opposed or inconsistent. 互相对立或不一致。
controversial
- adjective: giving rise or likely to give rise to public disagreement. 引起或可能引起公众的反对，即有争议的。
convention
noun: a way in which something is usually done, especially within a particular area or activity. 通常做某事的方式，尤其在特定的领域或活动中。
noun: an agreement between countries covering particular matters, especially one less formal than a treaty. 国家间涉及特定事项的协议，尤其是没有条约那么正式的。
noun: a large meeting or conference, especially of members of a political party or a particular profession. 大型会议，尤指政党或特定职业的成员。
noun(BRIDGE): an artificial bid by which a bidder tries to convey specific information about the hand to their partner. 一种人为的叫价，通过这种方式投标人试图传递手头特定的信息给合作方。
conventional
adjective: based on or in accordance with what is generally done or believed. 基于或根据通常所做的或相信的。
adjective(BRIDGE): (of a bid) intended to convey a particular meaning according to an agreed convention. （桥）（投标）旨在根据商定的约定传达特定的含义。
convince
verb: cause (someone) to believe firmly in the truth of something.
"Robert's expression had obviously convinced her of his innocence"
persuade (someone) to do something.
"she convinced my father to branch out on his own"
convincingly
adverb: in a way that causes someone to believe that something is true or real.
"this chapter is not as convincingly argued"
in a way that leaves no margin of doubt as to who has won.
"he convincingly defeated the current champion"
cope (cope with sth.)
verb: (of a person) deal effectively with something difficult.
- (of a machine or system) have the capacity to deal successfully with.
noun: a long, loose cloak worn by a priest or bishop on ceremonial occasions.
- a thing resembling or likened to a cloak.
verb: (in building) cover (a joint or structure) with a coping.
cortex
- noun(ANATOMY): the outer layer of the cerebrum (the cerebral cortex), composed of folded gray matter and playing an important role in consciousness. 大脑的外层（大脑皮层），由折叠的灰质组成，在意识中起重要作用，即皮层。
cost
verb: (of an object or action) require the payment of (a specified sum of money) before it can be acquired or done.
"each issue of the magazine costs £1"
verb: estimate the price of.
"it is their job to plan and cost a media schedule for the campaign"
noun: an amount that has to be paid or spent to buy or obtain something.
"we are able to cover the cost of the event"
phrase: at all costs - regardless of the price to be paid or the effort needed.
"he was anxious to avoid war at all costs"
phrase: at cost - at cost price; without profit to the seller.
phrase: cost someone dear - involve someone in a serious loss or a heavy penalty.
"a couple of individual errors cost us dear"
phrase: to someone's cost - with loss or disadvantage to someone.
"without programmes to play on it, the cleverest machine is useless—as some hardware manufacturers already know to their cost"
counsel
noun: advice, especially that given formally. 建议，尤其是正式给出的建议。
noun: the lawyer or lawyers conducting a case. 执行案件的律师。
verb: give advice to (someone). 向某人提供专业咨询。
phrase: keep one's own counsel - say nothing about what one believes, knows, or plans. 对一个人的信仰、知道或计划什么都不说。
phrase: take counsel - discuss a problem. 讨论一个问题。
counter
noun: a long flat-topped fitment across which business is conducted in a shop or bank or refreshments are served in a cafeteria.
noun: a small disc used in board games for keeping the score or as a place marker.
noun: a device used for counting.
"the counter tells you how many pictures you have taken"
phrase: behind the counter - serving in a shop or bank.
"he drove to the store and flirted with two sisters behind the counter"
phrase: over the counter(OTC) - by ordinary retail purchase, with no need for a prescription or licence.
"over-the-counter medicines"
phrase: under the counter - (with reference to goods bought or sold) surreptitiously and typically illegally.
"hard porn is legally banned, but still available under the counter"
verb: speak or act in opposition to.
"the second argument is more difficult to counter"
adverb: in the opposite direction or in opposition to.
"his writing ran counter to the dominant trends of the decade"
adjective: responding to something of the same kind, especially in opposition.
"after years of argument and counter argument there is no conclusive answer"
noun: a thing which opposes or prevents something else.
"the stimulus to employers' organization was partly a counter to growing union power"
noun: the curved part of the stern of a ship projecting aft above the waterline.
noun(PRINTING): the white space enclosed by a letter such as O or c.
phrase: go counter - run or ride against the direction taken by a quarry.
noun: the back part of a shoe or boot, enclosing the heel.
prefix: denoting opposition, retaliation, or rivalry.
"counter-attack"
counterbalance
noun: a weight that balances another weight. 平衡另一个重量的重量。
verb: (of a weight) balance (another weight). （一个重量）平衡（另一个重量）。
counterpart
noun: a person or thing that corresponds to or has the same function as another person or thing in a different place or situation. 在不同地方或环境下与另一个人或事物对应或具有相同功能的人或事物。
noun(LAW): one of two copies of a legal document. 法律文件的两份副本之一。
course
noun: the route or direction followed by a ship, aircraft, road, or river. 船舶，飞机，道路，或漂流遵循的路线或方向。
the way in which something progresses or develops. 事物进展或发展的方式。
a procedure adopted to deal with a situation. 为处理某种情况而采取的程序。
noun: a dish, or a set of dishes served together, forming one of the successive parts of a meal. 一起上菜的一道菜或一组菜，构成一顿饭的连续部分之一。
noun: an area of land set aside and prepared for racing, golf, or another sport. 为赛车，高尔夫，或其他运动而预留和准备的一块地。
noun: a series of lectures or lessons in a particular subject, typically leading to a qualification. 特定主题的一系列讲座或课程，通常会获得资格证书。
- (MEDICINE) a series of repeated treatments or doses of medication. （医药）一系列重复治疗或药物剂量。
noun: a continuous horizontal layer of brick, stone, or other material in a building. 建筑物中使用砖，石，或其他材料的连续水平层。
noun: a pursuit of game (especially hares) with greyhounds by sight rather than scent. 使用灵缇犬的追猎比赛（尤其是追野兔），通过视觉而不是气味。
noun: the lowest sail on a square-rigged mast. 方形桅杆上最低的帆。
noun: a set of adjacent strings on a guitar, lute, etc., tuned to the same note. 吉他，琵琶等上的一组相邻的弦，调成相同的音。
verb: (of liquid) move without obstruction; flow. （液体）没有阻碍地移动；流动。
verb: pursue (game, especially hares) with greyhounds using sight rather than scent. 通过视力而不是气味使用灵缇犬追逐（比赛，尤其是野兔）。
phrase: course of action - a procedure adopted to deal with a situation. 为处理某种情况而采取的程序。
phrase: the course of nature - events or processes which are normal and to be expected. 正常或意料中的事件或过程。
phrase: in the course of - undergoing the specified process. 正在进行特定的程序。
phrase: of course - used to introduce an idea or turn of events as being obvious or to be expected. 用于引入一个想法或事件的转变作为明显或预料到的。
phrase: off course - not following the intended route. 没有遵循预定的路线。
phrase: on course - following the intended route. 按照预定的路线。
phrase: over the course of time - as time goes by. 随着时间的推移。
phrase: run its course - complete its natural development without interference. 不受干扰地完成其自然发展。
coverage
noun: the extent to which something deals with or applies to something else.
"the grammar did not offer total coverage of the language"
noun: the treatment of an issue by the media. 报道。
"the program won an award for its news coverage"
covet
verb: yearn to possess or have (something).
"he covets time for exercise and fishing"
crab
noun: a crustacean, found chiefly on seashores, with a broad carapace, stalked eyes, and five pairs of legs, the first pair of which are modified as pincers.
noun: a louse that infests human body hair, especially in the genital region, causing extreme irritation.
noun: a machine for picking up and lifting heavy weights.
verb: move sideways or obliquely.
"he began crabbing sideways across the roof"
verb: fish for crabs.
"watermen were crabbing on the bay"
phrase: catch a crab - make a faulty stroke in which the oar is jammed under water or misses the water altogether.
phrase: draw the crab - attract enemy fire.
"a lone tank drew the crabs on them"
noun: short for crab apple - a small sour apple. "crab apple" can also refer to something that is small and inferior or unpleasant.
noun(INFORMAL): grumble about something petty.
"on picnics, I would crab about sand in my food"
noun(DATED·INFORMAL): act so as to spoil (something).
"you're trying to crab my act"
craft
noun: an activity involving skill in making things by hand. 一种涉及手工制作东西的技能的活动。
noun: skill used in deceiving others. 用来欺骗他人的技能。
noun: a boat or ship. 一艘船。
verb: exercise skill in making (an object), typically by hand. 练习制作（物品）的技能，通常是手工制作。
cramp
noun: painful involuntary contraction of a muscle or muscles, typically caused by fatigue or strain.
"he suffered severe cramps in his foot"
- (NORTH AMERICAN) abdominal pain caused by menstruation.
noun: a tool, typically shaped like a capital G, for clamping two objects together for gluing or other work.
a metal bar with bent ends for holding masonry together.
"the facade is built of travertine blocks without mortar but held by metal cramps"
verb: restrict or inhibit the development of.
"tighter rules will cramp economic growth"
verb: fasten with a cramp or cramps.
"cramp the gates to the posts"
verb: suffer from sudden and painful contractions of a muscle or muscles.
"in the final game, Chang cramped severely"
phrase: cramp someone's style — prevent a person from acting freely or naturally.
"he's not putting any pressure on me that would cramp my style"
cramped
adjective: feeling or causing someone to feel uncomfortably confined or hemmed in by lack of space.
"the staff had to work in cramped conditions"
restricting or inhibiting the development of someone or something.
"he felt cramped in a large organization"
(of handwriting) small and difficult to read.
suffering from a cramp.
"cramped muscles"
crash
verb: (of a vehicle) collide violently with an obstacle or another vehicle.
"the stolen car she was riding in crashed into a tree"
verb: move or cause to move with force, speed, and sudden loud noise.
"huge waves crashed down on us"
make a sudden loud, deep noise.
"the thunder crashed"
verb(INFORMAL): (of a business, a market, or a price) fall suddenly and disastrously in value.
"silver prices crashed in early 1980"
verb: (of a machine, system, or software) fail suddenly.
"the project was postponed because the computer crashed"
- (NORTH AMERICAN) (of a patient) suffer a cardiac arrest.
verb(INFORMAL): enter (a party) without an invitation or permission.
verb: go to sleep, especially suddenly or in an improvised setting.
"I'll crash in the back of the van for a couple of hours"
noun: a violent collision, typically of one vehicle with another or with an obstacle.
"a car crash"
noun: a sudden loud noise as of something breaking or hitting another object.
"he slammed the phone down with a crash"
noun: a sudden disastrous drop in the value or price of something, especially shares of stock.
"the crash of 1987"
noun: a sudden failure which puts a system out of action.
"system crashes are an everyday hazard"
adjective: done rapidly or urgently and involving a concentrated effort.
"a crash course in Italian"
adverb: with a sudden loud sound.
"crash went the bolt"
phrase: crash and burn — come to grief or fail spectacularly.
"I've seen guests crash and burn on the show"
noun(DATED): a coarse plain linen, woolen, or cotton fabric, used for curtains and towels.
crave
verb: feel a powerful desire for (something).
"if only she had shown her daughter the love she craved"
crawl
verb: (of a person) move forward on the hands and knees or by dragging the body close to the ground.
"they crawled out from under the table"
verb(INFORMAL): behave obsequiously or ingratiatingly in the hope of gaining someone's favor.
"don't come crawling back to me later when you realize your mistake"
verb: be covered or crowded with insects or people, to an extent that is disgusting or objectionable.
"the place was crawling with soldiers"
verb(COMPUTING): (of a program) systematically visit (a number of web pages) in order to create an index of data.
"its automated software robots crawl websites, grabbing copies of pages to index"
noun: an act of moving on one's hands and knees or dragging one's body along the ground.
"they began the crawl back to their own lines"
noun: a swimming stroke involving alternate overarm movements and rapid kicks of the legs.
"she could do the crawl and so many other strokes"
noun: a strip or band running across the bottom of a computer or television screen, within which news headlines, public service announcements, and advertisements are continuously scrolled.
creek
noun(NORTH AMERICAN·AUSTRALIAN): a stream, brook, or minor tributary of a river.
phrase: be up the creek/be up shit creek - be in severe difficulty or trouble, especially with no means of extricating oneself from it.
"if the police raided us I'd be up the creek"
credit
noun: the ability of a customer to obtain goods or services before payment, based on the trust that payment will be made in the future. 客户在付款前得到商品或服务的能力， 基于对未来付款的信任，即信用。
noun: an entry recording a sum received, listed on the right-hand side or column of an account. 记录收到的金额的条目，列在帐户右侧或右栏中，即会计上的借。
noun: public acknowledgement or praise, given or received when a person's responsibility for an action or idea becomes apparent. 给予或接受公开承认或赞扬，当某个人对某一行为或想法的责任变得清晰的时候。
noun(NORTH AMERICAN): the acknowledgement of a student's completion of a course or activity that counts towards a degree or diploma as maintained in a school's records. （北美）对学生完成课程或活动的承认，这些课程或活动计入学校记录的学位或文凭。
noun(ARCHAIC): the quality of being believed or credited. （古老）被相信的质量，即声誉。
verb: publicly acknowledge a contributor's role in the production of (something published or broadcast). 公开承认贡献者在制作（出版或广播的东西）中的作用。
verb: add (an amount of money) to an account. 将（金额）添加到帐户中。
verb(BRITISH): believe (something surprising or unlikely). （英国）相信（令人惊讶或不太可能的事情）。
phrase: be in credit - (of an account) have money in it. 账户中有钱。
phrase: credit where credit is due - praise should be given when it is deserved, even if one is reluctant to give it. 赞美应该在应得的时候被给予，尽管有人可能不情愿去给予。
phrase: do someone or something credit - make someone or something worthy of praise or respect. 使某人某事值得称赞或尊重。
phrase: give someone credit for - commend someone for (a quality or achievement), especially with reluctance or surprise. 赞扬某人（品质或成就），尤其是带有不情愿或惊讶。
phrase: have something to one's credit - have achieved something notable. 取得了显著成绩。
phrase: on credit - with an arrangement to pay later. 稍后付款的安排，即信贷，白条，花呗。
phrase: on the credit side - as a good aspect of the situation. 作为当下情况好的一个方面。
phrase: to one's credit - used to indicate that something praiseworthy has been achieved, expecially despite difficulties. 用于表示已经实现了值得称赞的事情，尤其是排除了重重困难的情况下。
crescent
noun: the curved sickle shape of the waxing or waning moon. 满月或缺月的弯曲镰刀形状。
noun: a thing which has the shape of a single curve that is broad in the centre and tapers to a point at each end. 一个有单一曲线的东西，曲线为中间宽两头窄的形式。
noun: a moth or butterfly with crescent-shaped markings on the wings. 翅膀上有新月形标记的飞蛾或蝴蝶。
adjective: having the shape of a crescent. 具有月牙形状的。
adjective(LITERARY): growing, increasing, or developing. （文学上）增长、增加或发展。
crest
noun: a comb or tuft of feathers, fur, or skin on the head of a bird or other animal.
"a large game bird with a conspicuous erect red crest"
noun: the top of a mountain or hill.
"she reached the rest of the hill"
noun: the curling foamy top of a wave.
"a high wave formed by the meeting of two crests"
noun(HERALDRY): a distinctive device borne above the shield of a coat of arms (originally as worn on a helmet), or separately reproduced, for example on writing paper or silverware, to represent a family or corporate body.
verb: reach the top of (something such as a hill or wave).
"she crested a hill and saw the valley spread out before her"
verb: (of a wave) form a curling foamy top.
"the swell begins to curl and crest"
verb: have attached or affixed at the top.
"his helmet was crested with a fan of spikes"
Cretaceous
adjective(GEOLOGY): relating to or denoting the last period of the Mesozoic era, between the Jurassic and Tertiary periods.
"the lizard was believed to have lived during the Cretaceous period"
noun: the last period of the Mesozoic era, between the Jurassic and Tertiary periods, or the system of rocks deposited during it.
"less than a third of sharks and rays went extinct at the end of the Cretaceous"
cretin
noun(DEROGATORY·INFORMAL): a stupid person (used as a general term of abuse).
noun(DATED·MEDICINE): a person whose mental and physical development has been impaired by a deficiency of thyroid hormone in fetal or early life.
cricket
noun: an insect related to the grasshoppers. The male produces a characteristic rhythmical chirping sound.
noun: an open-air game played on a large grass field with ball, bats, and two wickets, between teams of eleven players, the object of the game being to score more runs than the opposition.
"a game of cricket"
phrase: not cricket — something contrary to traditional standards of fairness or rectitude.
"an appeal by the Crown against too lenient a sentence is simply not cricket"
noun: a low wooden stool; a footstool.
critic
noun: a person who expresses an unfavorable opinion of something.
"critics say many schools are not prepared to handle the influx of foreign students"
noun: a person who judges the merits of literary, artistic, or musical works, especially one who does so professionally.
"a film critic"
criticism
noun: the expression of disapproval of someone or something based on perceived faults or mistakes.
"he received a lot of criticism"
noun: the analysis and judgment of the merits and faults of a literary or artistic work.
"alternative methods of criticism supported by well-developed literary theories"
critique
noun: a detailed analysis and assessment of something, especially a literary, philosophical, or political theory.
"a critique of Marxist historicism"
verb: evaluate (a theory or practice) in a detailed and analytical way.
"the authors critique the methods and practices used in the research"
crouch
verb: adopt a position where the knees are bent and the upper body is brought forward and down, sometimes to avoid detection or to defend oneself.
"we crouched down in the trench"
noun: a crouching stance or posture.
"he dropped into a defensive crouch"
crude
adjective: in a natural or raw state; not yet processed or refined. 处于天然或原始状态；尚未加工或精制的。
adjective: constructed in a rudimentary or makeshift way. 以初级或临时的方式建造。
noun: natural petroleum. 原油。
crunch
verb: crush (a hard or brittle foodstuff) with the teeth, making a loud but muffled grinding sound.
"she paused to crunch a ginger snap"
verb: process large amounts of information or perform operations of great complexity, especially by computer.
"computers crunch data from real-world observations"
noun: a loud muffled grinding sound made when crushing, moving over, or hitting something.
"Marco's fist struck Brian's nose with a crunch"
noun(INFORMAL): a crucial point or situation, typically one at which a decision with important consequences must be made.
"when it comes to the crunch you chicken out"
a severe shortage of money or credit.
"the Fed would do what it could to ease America's credit crunch"
noun: a physical exercise designed to strengthen the abdominal muscles; a sit-up.
crush
verb: compress or squeeze forcefully so as to break, damage, or distort in shape.
"the front of his car was crushed in the collision"
verb: (of a government or state) violently subdue (opposition or a rebellion).
"the king crushed the rebellion"
verb: bring about a feeling of overwhelming disappointment or embarrassment in (someone).
"his defeat crushed a lot of supporters"
noun: a crowd of people pressed closely together, especially in an enclosed space.
"a number of youngsters fainted in the crush"
noun(INFORMAL): a brief but intense infatuation for someone, especially someone unattainable or inappropriate.
"she did have a crush on Dr. Russell"
a person with whom someone is infatuated.
"it turns out she thought you were flirting with her crush"
noun: a drink made from the juice of pressed fruit.
"lemon crush"
phrase: crush on — be infatuated with someone.
"he's awesome, so it wasn't too surprising that other girls were crushing on him"
crutch
noun: a long stick with a crosspiece at the top, used as a support under the armpit by a person with an injury or disability. 顶部有横梁的长棍，用于受伤或残疾人腋下支持，即拐棍。
noun: the crotch of the body or a garment. 身体或衣服的胯部。
cult
- noun: a system of religious veneration and devotion directed toward a particular figure or object. 导向特定人或物的宗教崇拜和奉献的系统（常用于邪教等贬义环境）。
cultivate
verb: prepare and use (land) for crops or gardening. 为庄稼或园艺准备和使用（土地）。
verb: try to acquire or develop (a quality, sentiment, or skill). 尝试获得或发展（品质，情感，或技能）。
cultivation
noun: the action of cultivating land, or the state of being cultivated. 耕地的动作，或被耕种的状态。
noun: the process of trying to acquire or develop a quality or skill. 试图获得或发展一种品质或技能的过程。
noun: refinedment and good education. 精致和良好的教育。
cunning
adjective: having or showing skill in achieving one's ends by deceit or evasion. 具有或显示出通过欺骗或逃避来达到目的的技能，即狡诈的。
adjective(NORTH AMERICAN): attractive or quaint. （北美）有吸引力的或离奇有趣的。
noun: skill in achieving one's ends by deceit. 通过欺骗达到目的的技能，即狡诈。
curb (常用作马路牙子，根本意思为阻止)
noun: a check or restraint on something.
"plans to introduce tougher curbs on insider dealing"
noun: a type of bit with a strap or chain attached which passes under a horse's lower jaw, used as a check.
noun: variant spelling of kerb.
noun: a swelling on the back of a horse's hock, caused by spraining a ligament.
verb: restrain or keep in check.
"she promised she would curb her temper"
verb: lead (a dog being walked) near the curb to urinate or defecate, in order to avoid soiling buildings, pavements, etc.
cursory
adjective: hasty and therefore not thorough or detailed.
"a cursory glance at the figures"
curve
noun: a line or outline which gradually deviates from being straight for some or all of its length.
"the parapet wall sweeps down in a bold curve"
verb: form or cause to form a curve.
"her mouth curved in a smile"
phrase: ahead of the curve - (especially of a business or politician) ahead of current thinking or trends.
"we are continually looking for ways to stay ahead of the curve and provide added value to our consumers"
phrase: behind the curve - (especially of a business or politician) lagging behind current thinking or trends.
"the industry has been behind the curve on the technology front"
phrase: throw someone a curve - unexpectedly present someone with a challenge or disruption.
"just when you think you have this parenting thing down pat, they throw you a curve"
phrase: flatten the curve - prevent a rate or quantity from greatly intensifying or increasing within a short time.
"taking actions to slow the spread of this virus will flatten the curve and protect the vulnerable"
customary
adjective: according to the customs or usual practices associated with a particular society, place, or set of circumstances. 根据与特定社会，地点，或一系列环境相关的习俗或惯例。
noun(HISTORICAL): another term for custumal. （历史上）custumal 的另一种形式。
D
damp
adjective: slightly wet.
"her hair was still damp from the shower"
noun: moisture diffused through the air or a solid substance or condensed on a surface, typically with detrimental or unpleasant effects.
"the house reeked of mold and damp"
noun(ARCHAIC): a check or discouragement.
"shame gave a damp to her triumph"
verb: make (something) slightly wet.
"damp a small area with water"
verb: make a fire burn less strongly by reducing the flow of air to it.
"he damped down the fire for the night"
control or restrain (a feeling or a state of affairs).
"she tried to damp down her feelings of despair"
verb: restrict the amplitude of vibrations on (a piano or other musical instrument) so as to reduce the volume of sound.
"rapidly damping the cymbals after repeatedly clashing them together"
(PHISICS) progressively reduce the amplitude of (an oscillation or vibration).
"concrete structures damp out any vibrations"
dawn
noun: the first appearance of light in the sky before sunrise. 日出前天空中第一次出现光，即黎明。
noun: the beginning of a phenomenon or period of time, especially one considered favorable. 现象或时期的开始，尤其是被认为有利的时期或现象。
verb: (of a day) begin. （一天）开始。
verb: become evident to the mind; be perceived or understood. 变得显而易见；被感知或被理解。
phrase: from dawn to dusk - all day; ceaselessly. 一整天；不断的。
dazzle
verb: (of a bright light) blind (a person) temporarily. （明亮的光）暂时使（人）失明。
noun: brightness that confuses someone's vision temporarily. 使某人视力暂时混乱的亮度。
deal
verb: distribute (cards) in an orderly rotation to players for a game or round. 有序地轮流分发（牌）给玩家，以进行游戏或回合。
include a new player in a card game by giving them cards. 通过给新玩家发牌，让他们加入纸牌游戏。
distribute or mete out (something) to a person or group. 分发（某物）给个人或群体。
verb: take part in commercial trading of a particular commodity. 参与特定商品的商业交易。
be concerned with 关于，关心
(INFORMAL) buy and sell illegal drugs. 买卖非法药品。
verb: take measures concerning (someone or something), especially with the intention of putting something right. 对（某人或某事）采取措施，尤其是为了纠正某事。
cope with (a difficult person or situation). 应付（困难的人或情况）。
treat (someone) in a particular way. 以特定的方式对待（某人）。
have relations with (a person or organization), especially in a commercial context. 与（个人或组织）有关系，尤其是在商业环境中。
take or have as a subject; discuss. 以或有作为主题；讨论。
verb: inflict (a blow) on (someone or something). 对（某人或某物）造成（打击）。
noun: an agreement entered into by two or more parties for their mutual benefit, especially in a business or political context. 两方或多方为了互利而签订的协议，尤其是在商业或政治背景下。
an attractive price on a commodity for a purchaser; a bargain. 对购买者而言具有吸引力的商品价格；便宜货。
a particular form of treatment given or received. 给予或接受的特定形式的待遇。
(INFORMAL) the situation or state of affairs. 情况或事态。
noun: the process of distributing the cards to players in a card game. 在纸牌游戏中将纸牌分发给玩家的过程。
noun: a significant but unspecified amount of something. 大量但未指定数量的东西。
phrase: a big deal - a thing considered important. 被认为重要的事情。
phrase: a great deal - a large amount. 大量的。
phrase: cut a deal - make an agreement. 达成协议。
phrase: it's a deal - used to express one's assent to an agreement. 用于表示赞成某项协议。
phrase: no big deal - used to indicate that something is of little consequence. 用来表示某事无关紧要。
phrase: the real deal - a person or thing considered to be a genuine or supremely good example of their kind. 被认为是同类中真正的或极好的例子的人或事物。
noun: fir or pine wood, especially when sawn into planks of a standard size. 杉木或松木，尤其是锯成标准尺寸的木板时。
dean
the head of the chapter of a cathedral or collegiate church. 大教堂或学院教堂分会的负责人。
the head of a university faculty or department or of a medical school. 大学学院或部门或医学院的负责人。
deceive
- verb: (of a person) cause (someone) to believe something that is not true, typically in order to gain some personal advantage. （一个人）导致（某人）相信不真实的事情，通常是为了获得一些个人利益，即欺骗。
deceptive
- adjective: giving an appearance or impression different from the true one; misleading. 给人一种与真实不同的外观或印象；误导。
dedicate
- verb: devote (time or effort) to a particular task or purpose. 将（时间或精力）投入到特定的任务或目的中。
deduce
verb: arrive at (a fact or a conclusion) by reasoning; draw as a logical conclusion. 通过推理得出（事实或结论）；得出合乎逻辑的结论，即推断。
"little can be safely deduced from these figures"
deductible
adjective: able to be deducted, especially from taxable income or tax to be paid. 可以被扣除的，尤其是从应税收入或应缴税款中扣除。
noun(NORTH AMERICAN): (in an insurance policy) a specified amount of money that the insured must pay before an insurance company will pay a claim. 在保险公司支付索赔前，被保险人必需支付的特定金额，即免赔额。
deem
- verb(FORMAL): regard or consider in a specified way. （正式）以特定方式看待或考虑（deem A as B 或用作系动词 deem adj.）。
defective
adjective: imperfect or faulty. 不完美或有缺陷。
adjective(OFFENSIVE·DATED): having mental disabilities. （攻击性的·过时的）有精神障碍的。
noun(OFFENSIVE·DATED): a person with mental disabilities. （攻击性的·过时的）有精神障碍的人。
deference
noun: humble submission and respect. 谦卑的服从和尊重。
phrase: in deference to - out of respect for; in consideration of. 出于尊重；考虑到。
defy
verb: openly resist or refuse to obey.
"a woman who defies convention"
(of a thing) make (an action or quality) almost impossible.
"his actions defy belief"
appear to be challenging (someone) to do or prove something.
"he glowered at her, defying her to mock him"
(ARCHAIC) challenge to combat.
"go now, defy him to the combat"
phrase: defy description - be so unusual or remarkable as to be impossible to describe.
"the sheer scale of the Requiem defies description"
deliberate
adjective: done consciously and intentionally. 有意识并有目的地做的。
verb: engage in long and careful consideration. 进行长期而仔细的考虑。
deliberately
adverb: consciously and intentionally; on purpose. 有意识地和有目的的；有意地。
adverb: in a careful and unhurried way. 以小心又不紧不慢的方式，即从容地。
delicate
adjective: very fine in texture or structure; of intricate workmanship or quality. 材质或结构上非常精细；复杂的工艺或质量。
"a spider's web, strong yet delicate"
adjective: easily broken or damaged; fragile. 易损坏的；脆弱的。
"delicate china"
adjective: requiring sensitive or careful handling. 需要敏感或小心的处理。
"delicate negotiations"
noun(INFORMAL): a delicate fabric or garment made of such fabric. 精致的织物或由这样的织物制成的衣服。
"the delicates cycle of a washing machine"
phrase: in a delicate condition - pregnant. 怀孕。
delivery
noun: the action of delivering letters, packages, or ordered goods. 递送信件，包裹，或订购的货物的行为。
noun: the process of giving birth. 分娩的过程。
noun: an act of throwing or bowling a ball or striking a blow. 投掷保龄球或击打的行为。
noun: the manner or style of giving a speech. 演讲的方式或风格。
noun: the supply or provision of something. 对某物的供应或提供。
phrase: take delivery of - receive (something purchased). 收到（已购买的东西）。
delve
verb: reach inside a receptacle and search for something.
"she delved in her pocket"
research or make painstaking inquiries into something.
"the society is determined to delve deeper into the matter"
verb(ARCHAIC): dig; excavate.
"when Adam delved and Eve span, who was then the gentleman?"
democratize
verb: introduce a democratic system or democratic principles to. 引入民主制度或民主原则，即民主化。
- make (something) accessible to everyone. 使（某物）对每个人都可用，即全民化。
demographic
adjective: relating to the structure of populations. 关于人口结构的。
noun: a particular sector of a population. 人口的特定部分，即人口统计的结果、情况。
demolish
verb: pull or knock down (a building).
"the house was demolished to make way for the shopping center"
comprehensively refute (an argument or its proponent).
"I looked forward keenly to demolishing my opponent"
(INFORMAL) overwhelmingly defeat (a player or team).
"they demolished the Denver Broncos, 55-10"
(HUMOROUS·BRITISH) eat up (food) quickly.
"we demolished the potato pancakes"
denounce
verb: publicly declare to be wrong or evil.
"the Assembly denounced the use of violence"
dependent
adjective: contingent on or determined by.
"the various benefits will be dependent on length of service"
adjective: requiring someone or something for financial, emotional, or other support.
"an economy heavily dependent on oil exports"
adjective(GRAMMAR): (of a clause, phrase, or word) subordinate to another clause, phrase, or word.
"a clause dependent on another clause"
noun: a person who relies on another, especially a family member, for financial support.
"a single man with no dependents"
depict
verb: show or represent by a drawing, painting, or other art form. 以图画，绘画，或其他艺术形式展示或表现。
- portray in words; describe. 用文字描绘；描述。
deplore
verb: feel or express strong disapproval of (something).
"we deplore all violence"
deprive
- verb: deny (a person or place) the possession or use of something. 否认（一个人或地方）拥有或使用某物，即剥夺（常见用法：deprive sb. of sth. 剥夺某人的某物，sb. be deprived of sth. 某人被剥夺了某物）。
deride
verb: express contempt for; ridicule.
"the decision was derided by environmentalists"
descendant
- noun: a person, plant, or animal that is descended from a particular ancestor. 来自特定祖先的人，植物，或动物，即后代。
desperate
adjective: feeling, showing, or involving a hopeless sense that a situation is so bad as to be impossible to deal with. 感受，显露，或陷入一种情况糟糕到无法处理的绝望感受中。
adjective: (of an act or attempt) tried in despair or when everything else has failed; having little hope of success. （行为或企图）在绝望中或当其他一切都失败时尝试；成功的希望渺茫。
adjective: (of a situation) extremely bad, serious, or dangerous. （情况）极其恶劣，严重或危险。
adjective: (of a person) having a great need or desire for something. （某个人）对某事有很大的需要或意愿。
adjective: (of a person or flight) violent or dangerous. （某人或战斗）暴力或危险的。
deteriorate
- verb: become progressively worse. 逐渐恶化。
detrimental
- adjective: tending to cause harm. 倾向于造成伤害。
devaluate
- verb: reduce or underestimate the worth or importance of. 降低或低估价值或重要性。
devastate
verb: destroy or ruin (something).
cause (someone) severe and overwhelming shock or grief.
"she was devastated by the loss of Damian"
devise
verb: plan or invent (a complex procedure, system, or mechanism) by careful thought. 计划或发明（复杂的程序，系统，或机制）通过仔细的思考。
verb(LAW): leave (real estate) to someone by the terms of a will. （法律）根据遗嘱条款，留下（不动产）给某人。
noun(LAW): a clause in a will leaving something, especially real estate, to someone. （法律）遗嘱中的一个条款关于留下的某物，尤其是留给某人的房产。
dialect
noun: a particular form of a language which is peculiar to a specific region or social group. 特定地区或社会群体特有的特定语言形式，即方言。
- (COMPUTING) a particular version of a programming language. 编程语言的特定版本。
diffuse
verb: spread over a wide area or between a large number of people.
"technologies diffuse rapidly"
adjective: spread out over a large area; not concentrated.
"the diffuse community centered on the church"
(of disease) not localized in the body.
"diffuse hyperplasia"
adjective: lacking clarity or conciseness.
"the second argument is more diffuse"
dig
verb: break up and move earth with a tool or machine, or with hands, paws, snout, etc. 用工具或机械、手、爪子，鼻子等，破开或移动泥土。
verb: push or poke shaply. 用力推或戳。
noun: an act or spell of digging. 挖掘的动作。
noun: a push or poke with one's elbow, finger, etc. 用手肘或手指等推或戳。
dim
adjective: (of a light, color, or illuminated object) not shining brightly or clearly.
"her face was softened by the dim light"
adjective: not clearly recalled or formulated in the mind.
"the matter was in the dim and distant past"
adjective(INFORMAL): stupid or slow to understand.
"you're just incredibly dim"
verb: make or become less bright or distinct. 使或变得不那么明亮或清晰。
"a smoky inferno that dimmed the sun"
lower (a vehicle's headlights) from high to low beam. 将（车辆的前灯）从远光灯调低到近光灯。
"the car moved slowly, its headlights dimmed"
make or become less intense or favorable. 使或变得不那么强烈或有利。
"the difficulty in sleeping couldn't dim her happiness"
make or become less able to see clearly. 使或变得不太能够清楚地看到。
"his eyes dimmed"
diminish
- verb: make or become less. 使变少。
diner
noun: a person who is eating, typically a customer in a restaurant. 正在吃饭的人，通常是餐馆的顾客。
noun: a dining car on a train. 火车上的餐车（北美常用于形容路边小餐馆）。
dip
verb: put or let something down quickly or briefly in or into (liquid).
"he dipped a brush in the paint"
verb: put a hand or implement into (a bag or container) in order to take something out.
"Ian dipped into his briefcase and pulled out a photograph"
verb: sink, drop, or slope downwards.
"the sun had dipped below the horizon"
verb(INFORMAL·AUSTRALIAN): miss an opportunity; fail.
verb(DATED·INFORMAL): pick (someone's pocket).
noun: a brief swim.
"they cooled off by taking a dip in the pool"
noun: a thick sauce in which pieces of food are dipped before eating.
"tasty garlic dip"
noun: a brief downward slope followed by an upward one.
"the big hedge at the bottom of the dip"
noun(TECHNICAL): the extent to which something is angled downward from the horizontal.
noun(INFORMAL·US): powdered or finely cut tobacco that is held in the mouth, typically between the gums and lip, rather than smoked.
"he threw out all of his cans of dip and swore off tobacco"
noun(INFORMAL·NORTH AMERICAN): a stupid or foolish person.
noun(DATED·INFORMAL): a pickpocket.
noun(ARCHAIC): a candle made by immersing a wick repeatedly in hot wax.
phrase: dip one's toe into — put one's toe briefly in (water), typically to check the temperature.
dirt cheap
- adjective: as cheap as dirt; very inexpensive.
discard
verb: get rid of (someone or something) as no longer useful or desirable. 摆脱（某人或某物）因为不在有用或合意。
noun: a person or thing rejected as no longer useful or desirable. 因不再有用或合意而被拒绝的人或物。
disclose
verb: make (secret or new information) known. 使（秘密或新信息）为人所知，即揭露。
"they disclosed her name to the press"
allow (something) to be seen, especially by uncovering it. 允许（某物）被看到，尤其是通过揭开它的方式。
"he cleared away the grass and disclosed a narrow opening descending into the darkness"
discourse
noun: written or spoken communication or debate. 书面或口头交流或辩论。
verb: speak or write authoritatively about a topic. 以权威的方式谈论或写作某个话题。
discrimination
noun: the unjust or prejudicial treatment of different categories of people or things, especially on the grounds of race, age, or sex. 对不同类别的人或事物的不公正或偏见的对待，尤其是基于种族，年龄，或性别的原因。
noun: recognition and understanding of the difference between one thing and another. 认识和理解两个事物间的区别。
noun(ELECTRONICS): the selection of a signal having a required characteristic, such as frequency or amplitude, by means of a discriminatior that rejects all unwanted signals. 对具有需要的特性的信号的选择，例如频率或幅度，通过鉴别器来拒绝所有不需要的信号。
disgraced
- adjective: having fallen from favor or a position of power or honor; discredited. 失去青睐或失去权力或荣誉的地位；名誉扫地。
disguise
verb: give (someone or oneself) a different appearance in order to conceal one's identity. 给（某人或自己）一个不同的外表来隐藏自己的身份，即伪装。
noun: a means of altering one's appearance or concealing one's identity. 改变一个人的外表或隐藏一个人身份的一种手段。
disintegrate
- verb: break up into small parts, typically as the result of impact or decay. 分裂成小部分，通常是由于撞击或腐烂的结果。
dismiss
verb: order or allow to leave; send away. "she dismissed the taxi at the corner of the road"
remove from employment or office, typically on the grounds of unsatisfactory performance. "the prime minister dismissed five members of his cabinet"
(of a group assembled under someone's authority) disperse. "he told his company to dismiss"
(CRICKET) end the innings of (a batter or team). "Australia were dismissed for 118"
verb: treat as unworthy of serious consideration. "it would be easy to dismiss him as all brawn and no brain"
deliberately cease to think about. "he suspected a double meaning in her words, but dismissed the thought"
(LAW) refuse further hearing to (a case). "the judge dismissed the case for lack of evidence"
disparage
- verb: regard or represent as being of little worth. 认为或代表没有价值，即贬低。
dispute
noun: a disagreement, argument, or debate.
"a territorial dispute between the two countries"
verb: argue about (something); discuss heatedly.
"he taught and disputed with local poets"
verb: compete for; strive to win.
"the two drivers crashed while disputing the lead"
phrase: beyond dispute - certain or certainly; without doubt.
"the main part of his argument was beyond dispute"
phrase: open to dispute - not definitely decided.
"such estimates are always open to dispute"
disruption
noun: disturbance or problems which interrupt an event, activity, or process.
"the schedule was planned to minimize disruption"
noun: radical change to an existing industry or market due to technological innovation.
"no industry is immune to digital disruption"
distaste
- noun: mild dislike or aversion. 轻微的不喜欢或厌恶。
distinction
noun: a difference or contrast between similar things or people. 在相似事物或人之间的差异或对比。
noun: excellence that sets someone or something apart from others. 将人或物与其他区分开来的卓越。
diverse
adjective: showing a great deal of variety; very different. 表现出多种多样；非常不一样。
adjective: including or involving people from a range of different social and ethnic backgrounds and of different genders, sexual orientations, etc. 包括或涉及来自不同社会和种族背景以及不同性别、性取向等的人。
divide
verb: separate or be separated into parts. 分开或分成几部分。
verb: disagree or cause to disagree. 不同意或导致不同意。
verb(MATHEMATICS): find how many times (a number) contains another. 计算多少倍（一个数字）包含另一个数字，即除以（固定搭配 A divide by B 或 divide A by B 译为 A 除以 B）。
(of a number) be susceptible of division without a remainder. （一个数字）被除没有余数，即被整除（A doesn't divide by B 译为 A 无法被 B 整除）。
find how many times (a number) is contained in another. 计算多少倍（一个数字）被另一个数字包含，即除或去除（divide A into B 译为 A 除 B 或 A 去除 B，A 为除数，B 为被除数）。
(of a number) be contained in a number without a remainder. （一个数字）被包含在一个数字中而没有余数，即整除（A divide into B 译为 A 整除 B，A 为除数，B 为被除数）。
总结：A divide by B 译为除以或被整除，A 为被除数；A divide into B 译为除或整除，A 为除数。（A，B 为数字时，是除法相关，否则是分开相关）
noun: a wide divergence between two groups, typically producing tension or hostility. 两个群体间的巨大差异，通常产生紧张或敌意。
- a boundary between two things. 两个事物之间的界限。
phrase: divide and conquer - the policy of maintaining control over one's subordinates or opponents by encouraging dissent between them, thereby preventing them from uniting in opposition. 控制下属或对手的政策，通过鼓励他们之间的异议的方式，从而阻止他们联合起来反对。
phrase: divide against itself - (of a group which should be coherent) split by factional interests. （一个本应团结的群体）因派系利益而分裂。
divisive
- adjective: tending to cause disagreement or hostility between people. 容易导致人与人之间分歧或敌意的。
dizzy
adjective: having or involving a sensation of spinning around and losing one's balance.
"Jonathan had begun to suffer dizzy spells"
verb: make (someone) feel unsteady, confused, or amazed.
"her nearness dizzied him"
phrase: the dizzy heights - a position of great importance.
"the dizzy heights of TV stardom"
dome
noun: a rounded vault forming the roof of a building or structure, typically with a circular base.
"the dome of St. Paul's Cathedral"
noun: a thing shaped like a dome.
noun(LITERARY): a stately building.
dominant
adjective: most important, powerful, or influential.
"they are now in an even more dominant position in the market"
noun(GENETICS): a dominant trait or gene.
"this disorder is inherited as a dominant"
noun(MUSIC): the fifth note of the diatonic scale of any key, or the key based on this, considered in relation to the key of the tonic.
doom
noun: death, destruction, or some other terrible fate. 死亡，毁灭，戒其他可怕的命运。
verb: condemn to certain destruction or death. 判定的毁灭或死亡。
phrase: doom and gloom - a general feeling of pessimism or despondency. 普遍的悲观或沮丧的感觉。
dosage
- noun: the size or frequency of a dose of a medicine or drug. 药物剂量的大小或频率。
dose
noun: a quantity of a medicine or drug taken or recommended to be taken at a particular time. 药物的量或在特定时间建议服用药物的量。
verb: administer a dose to (a person or animal). 对（人或动物）给药。
phrase: in small doses - when experienced or engaged in a little at a time. 一次只体验或参与很少量。
doze
verb: sleep lightly. 浅睡。
noun: a short, light sleep. 短暂的浅睡。
phrase: doze off - to fall asleep especially for a short period of time. 睡着，尤其是短时间的。
drain
verb: cause the water or other liquid in (something) to run out, leaving it empty, dry, or drier. 使（某物）中的水或其他液体耗尽，使之空、干燥。
"we drained the swimming pool"
verb: deprive of strength or vitality. 失去力量或活力。
"his limbs were drained of all energy"
verb(INFORMAL GOLF): (of a player) hole (a putt). （非正式，用于高尔夫）（球员）（推杆）入洞。
"whenever he did hit a green, he drained the putt"
noun: a channel or pipe carrying off surplus liquid ,especially rainwater or liquid waste. 带走剩余液体的通道或管道，尤其是雨水或废水。
noun: a thing that uses up a particular resource. 消耗特定资源的事物。
"nuclear power is a serious drain on the public purse"
phrase: go down the drain — be totally wasted.
"the government must stop public money from going down the drain"
draw
verb: produce (a picture or diagram) by making lines and marks, especially with a pen or pencil, on paper. 通过在纸上，尤其是用钢笔或铅笔，画线条和标记来制作（图片或图表）。
verb: pull or drag ( something such as a vehicle) so as to make it follow behind. 拉或拖（例如车辆之类的东西）以使其跟在后面。
verb: extract (an object, especially a weapon) from a container or receptacle. 从容器中取出（一个物体，尤其指武器）。
verb: take or obtain (liquid) from a container or receptacle. 从容器中获取（液体）。
verb: be the cause of (a specified response). 是（某个具体回应）的原因。
verb: select (a ticket or name) randomly to decide winners in a lottery, opponents in a sporting contest, etc. 随机选择（一张票或名称）来决定彩票中的赢家，体育比赛中的对手等。
verb(BRITISH): finish (a contest or game) with an even score; tie. （英国）以平分结束（一局比赛）；平局。
verb: disembowel. 开腹。
verb(GOLF): hit (the ball) so that it travels slightly to the left (for a left-handed player, the right), usually as a result of spin given to the ball. （高尔夫）击（球）使其轻微向左移动（对左手选手，向右），通常因为球的旋转。
verb(NAUTICAL): (of a ship) require (a specified depth of water) to float in; have (a certain draft). （航海）（船）需要（一个具体的水深）以便能漂浮在其中；有（一个确定的吃水深度）。
verb(NAUTICAL): (of a sail) be filled with wind. （航海）（风帆）被风填满。
noun: an act of selecting names randomly, typically by extracting them from a bag or other container, to match competitors in a game or tournament. 随机选择名称的行为，通常是从袋子或其他容器中取出名称，来匹配比赛或竞赛中的竞争对手。
noun(BRITISH): a game or contest that ends with the score even; a tie. （英国）以平分结束比赛或竞赛；平局。
noun: a person or thing is very attractive or interesting. 非常有吸引力或有趣的人或事物。
noun: an act of removing a gun from its holster in order to shoot. 为了射击而从枪套中取出枪的行为。
noun: an act of drawing on a cigarette or cigar. 吸烟或雪茄的行为。
noun(GOLF): a shot causing the ball to deviate to the left (or , for a left-handed golfer, the right). 导致球偏向左侧的击球（对于左势高尔夫球手而言，偏向右侧）。
phrase: draw blood - cause someone to bleed, especially in the course of a fight. 导致某人流血，特别是在打架时。
phrase: draw fire - attract hostile criticism away from a more important target. 将敌对的批评从更重要的目标那里吸引过来。
phrase: quick on the draw - very fast in taking one's gun from its holster. 非常快速地从枪套中取出枪。
phrase: draw back - choose not to do something that one was expected to do. 选择不做某件被期望去做的事。
phrase: draw down - 1. withdraw money from a fund or loan facility. 从基金或贷款中撤回资金。 2. reduce the size of a military force in an area. 减少某地区的军队规模。
phrase: draw from - obtain something from a particular source. 从特定的来源获取某物。
phrase: draw in - (of successive days) become shorter because of the changing seasons. （连续几天）由于季节的变化而变短。
phrase: draw on
use one's experience, talents, or skills as a resource. 使用某人的经验，天赋，或技能作为资源。
(of a period of time) pass by and approach its end. （一段时间）过去并接近它的终点。
put an item of clothing on. 穿上一件衣物。
suck smoke from a cigarette or pipe. 从香烟或烟斗中吸出烟雾。
phrase: draw out
make something last longer. 使某事持续更长时间。
gently or subtly induce someone to talk more. 温和或巧妙地诱使某人多说话。
obtain or withdraw money from a bank or other source. 从银行或其他来源获得或取出资金。
(of successive days) become longer because of the changing seasons. （连续几天）由于季节的变化而变短。
phrase: draw up
prepare a plan, agreement, or other document in detail. 准备一个详细的计划，协议，或其他文档。
come to a halt. 停住。
make oneself stand in a stiffly upright manner. 以强硬地直立地方式站起来。
dreadful
adjective: causing or involving great suffering, fear, or unhappiness; extremely bad or serious. 导致或陷入巨大的痛苦，恐惧，不幸福；极度糟糕或严重。
adjective: used to emphasize the degree to which something is the case, especially something regarded with sadness or disapproval. 用于强调某事的程度，尤其是对某事感到悲伤或不赞成的程度。
dribble
verb: (of a liquid) fall slowly in drops or a thin stream. (液体)以水滴或细流形式缓慢下落。
verb: (chiefly in soccer, field hockey, and basketball) take (the ball) forward past opponents with slight touches of the feet or the stick, or (in basketball) by continuous bouncing. （主要在足球、场地曲棍球和篮球中）用脚或棍子轻轻触碰（在篮球中）将（球）向前带过对手，或（在篮球中）以连续弹跳的方式；即运球。
noun: a thin stream of liquid; a trickle. 一股液体细流；涓涓细流。
noun: (in soccer, hockey, and basketball) an act or instance of taking the ball forward with repeated slight touches or bounces. （在足球、曲棍球和篮球中）反复轻微触球或弹跳将球向前推进的动作或实例。
drivel
noun: nonsense.
"don't talk such drivel!"
verb: talk nonsense.
"he was driveling on about the glory days"
verb(ARCHAIC): let saliva or mucus flow from the mouth or nose.
"the nurse leaves you to drivel, and never wipes your nose"
drop out
phrase: stop participating or being involved in something. 停止参与或卷入某事。
phrase: abandon a course of study. 放弃学业。
phrase: reject conventional society to pursue an alternative lifestyle. 拒绝传统社会去追求另类的生活方式。
phrase(RUGBY): restart play with a drop kick. （橄榄球）用抛落踢球来开始比赛。
dubious
adjective: hesitating or doubting.
"Alex looked dubious, but complied"
adjective: not to be relied upon; suspect.
"extremely dubious assumptions"
morally suspect.
"time-sharing has been brought into disrepute by dubious sales methods"
of questionable value.
"she earned the dubious distinction of being the lowest-paid teacher in the nation"
duck
noun: a waterbird with a broad blunt bill, short legs, webbed feet, and a waddling gait.
noun: a pure white thin-shelled bivalve mollusk found off the Atlantic coasts of America.
noun: an amphibious transport vehicle.
"visitors can board an amphibious duck to explore the city"
phrase: get one's ducks in a row - make all the preparations needed to do something; get everything organized.
"we have an event planned and possibly a dance, but we have to get all our ducks in a row first"
phrase: have one's ducks in a row - be completely prepared to do something; have everything organized.
"I want to have my ducks in a row before I go in there and confront them"
phrase: like water off a duck's back - used to refer to a potentially hurtful remark or situation that has no apparent effect on the person involved.
"it was like water off a duck's back to Nick, but I'm sure it upset Paul"
phrase: take to something like a duck to water - take to something very readily.
"he shows every sign of taking to University politics like a duck to water"
verb: lower the head or the body quickly to avoid a blow or so as not to be seen.
"spectators ducked for cover"
verb: plunge one's head or body underwater briefly.
"I had to keep ducking down to get my head cool"
verb(BRIDGE): refrain from playing a winning card on a particular trick for tactical reasons.
"declarer ducked the opening spade lead"
noun: a quick lowering of the head.
noun(INFORMAL·BRITISH): dear; darling (used as an informal or affectionate form of address, especially among cockneys).
"it's time you changed, my duck"
due
adjective: expected at or planned for at a certain time. 预计在或计划在某个时间，即到期。
"the baby's due in August"
(of a payment) required at a certain time. （付款）被要求在特定时间。
"the May installment was due"
(of a person) having reached a point where the thing mentioned is required or owed. （某人）已经达到一个点，在这个情况下所提及的事物应该被要求或被偿还。
"she was due for a raise"
(of a thing) required or owed as a legal or moral obligation. （事物）作为法律或道德义务而被要求或付出。
"he was only taking back what was due to him"
adjective: of the proper quality or extent; adequate. 具有适当的质量或范围；足够的，即应有的。
"driving without due care and attention"
noun: a person's right; what is owed to someone. 一个人的权利；欠某人的东西。
"he attracts more criticism than is his due"
noun: an obligatory payment; a fee. 强制性付款；费用。
"he had paid union dues for years"
adverb: (with reference to a point of the compass) exactly; directly. （关于指南针的指向）准确地；直接地。
"we'll head due south again on the same road"
phrase: due to - caused by or ascribable to. 由于或归因于。
"unemployment due to automation will grow steadily"
phrase: give someone their due - be fair to someone. 对某人公平。
"to give him his due, he was a generous employer"
phrase: in due course - at the appropriate time. 在适当的时候。
"Reynolds will respond in due course to the letter"
phrase: pay one's dues - fulfill one's obligations. 履行某人的义务。
"he had paid his dues to society for his previous convictions"
dumb
adjective: temporarily unable or unwilling to speak.
"they stood dumb while the attacker poured out a stream of abuse"
resulting in or expressed by speechlessness.
"they stared in dumb amazement"
adjective(OFFENSIVE·DATED): (of a person) unable to speak, most typically because of congenital deafness.
"he was born deaf, dumb, and blind"
adjective(INFORMAL·NORTH AMERICAN): stupid.
"a dumb question"
adjective: (of a computer terminal) able only to transmit data to or receive data from a computer; having no independent processing capability.
verb(LITERARY): make dumb or unheard; silence.
"a splendor that dazed the mind and dumbed the tongue"
phrase: dumb down — simplify or reduce the intellectual content of something so as to make it accessible to a larger number of people.
"critics have accused publishers of dumbing down books"
dutch
- noun(DATED·INFORMAL): (especially among cockneys) one's wife. （过时的·非正式）（尤其在伦敦人中）某人的妻子。
Dutch
adjective: relating to the Netherlands, its people, or their language. 关于荷兰，其民众，或他们的语言的。
adjective(ARCHAIC): relating to the people of Gemany; Geman. （古老）关于德国人的；德国。
noun: the language of the Netherlands, spoken by some 20 million people. 荷兰语言，约 2000 万人使用。
noun: the people of the Netherlands collectively. 荷兰人民的总称。
phrase: go Dutch - share the cost of something, especially a meal, equally. 平摊某事的费用，尤其是一餐饭。
phrase: in Dutch - in trouble. 处于麻烦中。
dynamic
adjective: (of a process or system) characterized by constant change, activity, or progress.
"a dynamic economy"
adjective: (of a person) positive in attitude and full of energy and new ideas.
"a dynamic young advertising executive"
adjective: relating to the volume of sound produced by an instrument, voice, or recording.
adjective: (of a memory device) needing to be refreshed by the periodic application of a voltage.
noun: a force that stimulates change or progress within a system or process. （常译为动力学，或机制）
"evaluation is part of the basic dynamic of the project"
noun(MUSIC): the varying levels of volume of sound in different parts of a musical performance. (常用复数形式)
E
earnest
adjective: resulting from or showing sincere and intense conviction. 源于或表现出真诚和强烈的信念。
phrase: in earnest - occurring to a greater extent or more intensely than before. 比以前更大程度或更强烈地发生。
noun: a thing intended or regarded as a sign or promise of what is to come. 被意为或视为即将发生的事情的标志或承诺的事物。
effect
noun: a change which is a result or consequence of an action or other cause. 一个改变，这个改变是其他行为或原因导致的结果。
noun: the lighting, sound, or scenery used in a play, movie, or broadcast. 戏剧，电影，或广播中使用的灯光，声音，或场景。
noun: personal belongings. 个人物品。
verb: cause (something) to happen; bring about. 导致（某事）发生；实现。
phrase: come into effect - become operative; start to apply. 开始运行；开始应用。
phrase: for effect - in order to impress people. 为了打动人们。
phrase: in effect - in operation; in force. 运行中的；现行的，即实际上。
phrase: put something into effect - cause something to apply or become operative. 使某事应用或运行。
phrase: take effect - become operative; start to apply. 开始运行；开始应用。
phrase: to the effect that - used to refer to the general sense of something written or spoken. 用于指代总体感受关于写的或说的东西。
phrase: to that effect - having that result, purpose, or meaning. 有那个结果，目的，或意义。
elaborate
adjective: involving many carefully arranged parts or details; detailed and complicated in design and planning. 涉及很多仔细安排的部分或细节；在计划或设计上详细和复杂的。
- (of an action) lengthy and exaggerated. （动作）冗长的和夸张的。
verb: develop or present (a theory, policy, or system) in detail. 详细地发展或呈现（理论，政策，或系统）。
- add more detail concerning what has already been said. 增加更多细节，关于已经说过的事情。（固定搭配：elaborate on sth. 详细阐述某事）
verb(BIOLOGY): (of a natural agency) produce (a substance) from its elements or simpler constituents. （自然媒介）产生（物质）从它的元素或更简单的成分中。
elude
verb: evade or escape from (a danger, enemy, or pursuer), typically in a skillful or cunning way. 逃避或逃离（危险，敌人，或追捕者），通常以巧妙或狡猾的方式。
(of an idea or fact) fail to be grasped or remembered by (someone). （想法或事实）未能被（某人）掌握或记住，即难倒。
(of an achievement, or something desired or pursued) fail to be attained by (someone). （成就，或渴望或追求的事物）未能被（某人）获得，即困扰着。
avoid compliance with or subjection to (a law, demand, or penalty). 避免遵守或服从（法律、要求或处罚），即逃避。
elusive
adjective: difficult to find, catch, or achieve.
"success will become ever more elusive"
ember
- noun: a small piece of burning or glowing coal or wood in a dying fire. 在即将熄灭的火中燃烧或发光的一小块煤或木头，即余烬。
emerge
- verb: move out of or away from something and come into view. 移出或远离某物并出现在视野中。(常用于表示新兴，脱颖而出，摆脱困境，破壳而出) emerging countries 即新兴国家。
empathy
noun: the ability to understand and share the feelings of another. 共情力。
"he has a total lack of empathy for anybody"
encompass
verb: surround and have or hold within. 包围并拥有或持有，即包括。
verb(ARCHAIC): cause (something) to take place. （古老）使（某事）发生。
engrave
verb: cut or carve (a text or design) on the surface of a hard object.
"my name was engraved on the ring"
enormous
- very large in size, quantity, or extent. 规模，数量，或范围非常大。
enroll
- verb: officially register as a member of an institution or a student on a course. 正式注册成为机构成员或课程学生。
ensemble
noun: a group of musicians, actors, or dancers who perform together.
"a Bulgarian folk ensemble"
a piece of music or passage written for performance by a whole cast, choir, or group of instruments.
"Cherubini's numbers, with solos and ensembles intermingled, have a freedom and originality"
the coordination between performers executing an ensemble passage.
"a high level of tuning and ensemble is guaranteed"
noun: a group of items viewed as a whole rather than individually.
"the buildings in the square present a charming provincial ensemble"
a set of clothes chosen to harmonize when worn together.
"her elegant pink and black ensemble put most outfits in the shade"
(PHYSICS) a group of similar systems, or different states of the same system, often considered statistically.
"we would have to adopt a picture in which there is an ensemble of all possible universes with some probability distribution"
entail
verb: involve (something) as a necessary or inevitable part or consequence. 涉及（某事）作为必要或不可避免的部分或结果，译为意味着。
"a situation that entails considerable risks"
verb(LAW): 解决（财产）在后代间的继承，以便所有权保留在特定群体，通常是一个家庭中，翻译为继承，固定搭配 entail on/upon sb.。
"her father's estate was entailed on a cousin"
noun: a settlement of the inheritance of property over a number of generations so that it remains within a family or other group. 在后代间财产继承的安排，以便财产保持在一个家庭或其他群体中。
"the damage being done in England by entails"
entitle
verb: give (someone) a legal right or a just claim to receive or do something. 给予（某人）接受或做某事的合法权利或公正要求。
verb: give (something, especially a text or work of art) a particular title. 给（某物，尤其是文本或艺术作品）一个特定的头衔。
entitled
- adjective: believing oneself to be inherently deserving of privileges or special treatment. 相信自己天生就应该享有特权或特殊待遇。
entry
noun: an act of going or coming in.
"the door was locked, but he forced an entry"
a place of entrance, such as a door or lobby.
(DIALECT) a passage between buildings.
the right, means, or opportunity to enter a place or be a member of something.
"undocumented workers seeking entry to the United States"
the action of undertaking something or becoming a member of something.
"more young people are postponing their entry into full-time work"
(MUSIC) the point in a piece of music at which a particular performer in an ensemble starts or resumes playing or singing.
"a fluffed entry"
(BRIDGE) a card providing an opportunity to transfer the lead to a particular hand.
"the diamonds are still not established, so South must gamble on finding an extra entry to the dummy"
(LAW) the action of taking up the legal right to property.
noun: an item written or printed in a diary, list, ledger, or reference book.
"the entries in the cash book"
the action of recording an entry.
"sophisticated features to help ensure accurate data entry"
noun: a person or thing competing in a race or competition.
"from the hundreds of entries we received, twelve winners were finally chosen"
the number of competitors in a particular race or competition.
"another large international entry is anticipated for this year's event"
the action of participating in a race or competition.
"entry is open to people of all ages"
noun: the forward part of a ship's hull below the waterline, considered in terms of breadth or narrowness.
envision
- verb: imagine as a future possibility; visualize.想象未来的可能性；可视化，想象。
envy
noun: a feeling of discontented or resentful longing aroused by someone else's possessions, qqualities, or luck. 因他人的财产、品质或运气而引起的不满或怨恨的意愿。
verb: desire to have a quality, possession, or other desirable thing belonging to (someone else). 渴望拥有属于（他人）的品质，财产，或其他令人向往的东西。
epidemic
noun: a widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time. 在特定时间在社区中广泛发生的传染病。
adjective: of the nature of an epidemic. 流行病的性质的。
episode
noun: an event or a group of events occurring as part of a sequence; an incident or period considered in isolation.
"the whole episode has been a major embarrassment"
a finite period in which someone is affected by a specified illness.
"acute psychotic episodes"
noun: each of the separate instalments into which a serialized story or radio or television programme is divided.
"the final episode of the series"
equilibrium
noun: a state in which opposing forces or influences are balanced.
"the maintenance of social equilibrium"
a state of physical balance.
"I stumbled over a rock and recovered my equilibrium"
a calm state of mind.
"his intensity could unsettle his equilibrium"
(CHEMISTRY) a state in which a process and its reverse are occurring at equal rates so that no overall change is taking place.
"ice is in equilibrium with water"
(ECONOMICS) a situation in which supply and demand are matched and prices stable.
"the market is in equilibrium"
equivalent
adjective: equal in value, amount, function, meaning, etc. 在价值，数量，功能，意义等方面相等。
noun: a person or thing that is equal to or corresponds with another in value, amount, function, meaning, etc. 在价值，数量，功能，意义等方面与其他相等或对应的人或物。
equivocal
adjective: open to more than one interpretation; ambiguous.
"the equivocal nature of her remarks"
era
- noun: a long and distinct period of history with a particular feature or characteristic. 具有特定特征或特性的一段漫长而独特的历史时期，即时代，纪元。
eschew
verb: deliberately avoid using; abstain from.
"he appealed to the crowd to eschew violence"
espionage
- noun: the practice of spying or of using spies, typically by governments to obtain political and military information. 间谍活动或使用间谍的做法，通常由政府获取政治或军事信息。
essential
adjective: absolutely necessary; extremely important. 绝对有必要的；极其重要的。
adjective(MEDICINE): (of a disease) with no known external stimulus or cause; idiopathic. （医药）（疾病）没有已知的外部刺激或原因；特发性的。
noun: a thing that is absolutely necessary. 绝对必要的事情。
essentially
- adverb: used to emphasize the basic, fundamental, or intrinsic nature of a person or thing. 用于强调一个人或事物的基本，根本，或内在本质。
esteem
noun: respect and admiration.
"he was held in high esteem by colleagues"
verb: respect and admire.
"many of these qualities are esteemed by managers"
verb: consider; deem.
"I should esteem it a favour if you could speak to them"
estimate
verb: roughly calculate or judge the value, number, quantity, or extent of. 粗略计算或判断其价值，数目，数量，或程度。
noun: an approximate calculation or judgment of the value, number, quantity, or extent of something. 对某物的价值，数目，数量，或范围的挖计算或判断。
evade
verb: escape or avoid (someone or something), especially by guile or trickery.
"friends helped him to evade capture for a time"
evaporate
verb: turn from liquid into vapor.
"cook until most of the liquid has evaporated"
lose or cause to lose moisture or solvent as vapor.
"the solution was evaporated to dryness"
(of something abstract) cease to exist.
"the militancy of earlier years had evaporated in the wake of defeat"
even
adjective: flat and smooth. 平整且光滑的。
adjective: equal in number, amount, or value. 在数目，数量，或价值上相等。
adjective: (of a number, such as 2, 6, or 108) divisible by two without a remainder. （一个数，例如 2，6，或 108）可以被 2 整除没有余数，即偶数。
verb: make or become even. 使或变得平滑或相等。
adverb: used to emphasize something surprising or extreme. 用于强调令人惊讶或极端的事情。
phrase: even as - at the very same time as. 与此同时。
phrase: an even break - a fair chance. 一个公平的机会。
phrase: even if - despite the possibility that; no matter whether. 尽管可能；不论是否。
phrase: even now - now as well as before. 现在和以前一样，即使现在。
phrase: even then - then as well as before. 然后和以前一样，即使之后。
phrase: even so - in spite of that; nevertheless. 尽管如此。
phrase: even though - despite the fact that. 尽管事实上。
phrase: get even - inflict trouble or harm on someone similar to that which they have inflicted on oneself. 给某人带来麻烦或伤害，类似他们对自己造成的一样，即报复。
phrase: I can't even - used without a following phrase to indicate that the speaker is overwhelmed with emotion. 不使用后续的短语来表明说话者情绪激动。
phrase: of even date - of the same date. 同日。
phrase: on an even keel - (of a ship or aircraft) having the same draft forward and aft. （船舶或飞机）在前后有同样的吃水深度，即平衡。
noun(ARCHAIC·LITERARY): the end of the day; evening. （古老·文学）一天的结束；晚上。
evenly （注意，evenly 是 even 形容词的副词，与 even 本身的副词无关）
adverb: so as to present a flat or uniform surface or line. 以呈现平坦或均匀的表面或线条。
adverb: in equal numbers, amounts, or values. 以相等的数目，数量，或价值。
adverb: used to indicate a number that is divisible by two without a remainder. 用于表示被 2 整除无余数的数。
evolve
verb: develop gradually, especially from a simple to a more complex form. 逐渐发展，尤其是从简单到复杂的形式。
verb(CHEMISTRY): give off (gas or heat). 释放出（气体或热量）。
exacerbate
- verb: make (a problem, bad situation, or negative feeling) worse. 使（问题，坏的情况，或消极的感觉）变得更糟。
exasperate
- verb: irritate and frustrate (someone) intensely. 强烈地激怒和挫败（某人）。
excess
noun: an amount of something that is more than necessary, permitted, or desirable. 某物的数量，这个数量超过了必要的，许可的，或可取的。
"are you suffering from an excess of stress in your life?"
the amount by which one quantity or number exceeds another.
"the excess of imports over exports rose $1.4 billion"
the action of exceeding a permitted limit.
"there is no issue as to excess of jurisdiction"
noun: lack of moderation, especially in eating or drinking. 缺乏节制，特别是在吃上喝上。
"bouts of alcoholic excess"
outrageous or immoderate behavior.
"the worst excesses of the French Revolution"
adjective: exceeding a prescribed or desirable amount. 超过规定的或可取的数量。
"trim any excess fat off the meat"
phrase: to excess - exceeding the proper amount or degree.
"she insisted that he did not drink to excess"
phrase: in excess of - more than; exceeding.
"a top speed in excess of 20 knots"
excessive
adjective: more than is necessary, normal, or desirable; immoderate.
"he was drinking excessive amounts of brandy"
exclusive
adjective: excluding or not admitting other things.
"an exclusive focus on success and making money"
adjective: restricted to the person, group, or area concerned.
"the couple had exclusive possession of the flat"
adjective: catering for or available to only a few, select customers; high class and expensive.
"one of Britain's most exclusive clubs"
adjective: not including.
"prices are exclusive of VAT"
noun: an item or story published or broadcast by only one source.
executive
adjective: relating to or having the power to put plans or actions into effect. 关于或具有使计划或行动生效的权力。
noun: a person with senior managerial responsibility in a business. 企业中具有高级管理职责的人。
noun: the branch of a government responsible for putting decisions or laws into effect. 负责使决定或法律生效的政府部门。
exemplify
- verb: be a typical example of. 作为一个典型的例子，可译为印证了。
exercise
noun: activity require physical effort, carried out to sustain or improve health and fitness. 为维持或改善健康或身体素质而进行的需要体力劳动的活动。
noun: a process or activity carried out for a specific purpose, especially one concerned with a specified area or skill. 为特定目的举行的过程或活动，尤其是关于特定领域或技能的。
noun: the use or application of a faculty, right, or process. 能力，权利，或过程的使用或应用。
verb: use or apply (a faculty, right, or process). 使用或应用（能力，权利，或过程）。
verb: engage in physical activity to sustain or improve health and fitness; take exercise. 参与体育活动来维持或改善健康或身体素质；做锻炼。
verb: occupy the thoughts of; worry or perplex. 占据思想；担心或困惑。
exert
verb: apply or bring to bear (a force, influence, or quality). 施加或使承受（力量，影响或品质）。
verb: make a physical or mental effort. 作出身体或精神上的努力。
exhibit
verb: publicly display (a work of art or item of interest) in an art gallery or museum or at a trade fair. 在艺术画廊或博物馆或交易会上公开展示（一件艺术品或感兴趣的物品）。
verb: manifest or deliberately display (a quality or a type of behavior). 表现或有意表现（一种品质或一种行为）。
noun: an object or collection of objects on public display in an art gallery or museum or at a trade fair. 在艺术画廊或博物馆或交易会上公开展示的物品或物品集合。
(NORTH AMERICAN) an exhibition. （北美）展览。
(LAW) a document or other object produced in a court as evidence. （法律）在法庭上作为证据出示的文件或其他物品。
expectancy
- noun: the state of thinking or hoping that something, especially something pleasant, will happen or be the case. 一种思考或希望的状态，希望某事，尤其是令人愉快的事情，将会发生或成为这样的状态。
explanatory
adjective: serving to explain something.
"explanatory notes"
exploit
verb: make full use of and derive benefit from (a resource). 充分利用（资源）并从中获取利益（也指剥削）。
"500 companies sprang up to exploit this new technology"
noun: a bold or daring feat. 大胆的壮举。
"the most heroic and secretive exploits of the war"
noun: a software tool designed to take advantage of a flaw in a computer system, typically for malicious purposes such as installing malware. 一种软件工具，被设计用于利用计算机系统漏洞，通常用于恶意目的，例如安装恶意软件。
"if someone you don't know tweets you a link, it's either spam, an exploit, or probably both"
extinct
adjective: (of a species, family, or other group of animals or plants) having no living members; no longer in existence. （一个特种，家族，或其他动植物种群）没有活着的成员；不再存在，即灭绝。
adjective: (of a volcano) not having erupted in recorded history. （火山）在历史记载中没有爆发过。
extract
verb: remove or take out, especially by effort or force.
"the decayed tooth will have to be extracted"
noun: a short passage taken from a piece of writing, music, or film.
"an extract from a historical film"
noun: a preparation containing the active ingredient of a substance in concentrated form.
"vanilla extract"
extravagant
- adjective: lacking restraint in spending money or using resources. 在花钱或使用资源方面缺乏节制。
eyebrow
noun: the strip of hair growing on the ridge above a person's eye socket. 长在人眼眶上方脊上的条状毛发，即眉毛。
phrases: raise one's eyebrows - show surprise or mild disapproval. 抬起某人的眉头。表现出惊讶或轻微反对。
F
facilitator
- noun: a person or thing that makes an action or process easy or easier. 使行动或流程变得更容易的人或事务。
faint
adjective: (of a sight, smell, or sound) barely perceptible.
"the faint murmur of voices"
adjective: weak and dizzy; close to losing consciousness.
"the heat made him feel faint"
verb: lose consciousness for a short time because of a temporarily insufficient supply of oxygen to the brain.
"I fainted from loss of blood"
noun: a sudden loss of consciousness.
"she hit the floor in a dead faint"
phrase: not have the faintest - have no idea.
"I haven't the faintest what it means"
fair
adjective: in accordance with the rules or standards; legitimate. 根据规则或标准；合法的。
adjective: (of hair or comlexion) light; blond. 浅色的；金发的。
adjective: considerable though not outstanding in size or amount. 相当大，但在规模或数量上并不突出。
adjective: (of weather) fine and dry. （天气）晴朗干燥。
adjective(ARCHAIC): beautiful; attractive. （古老）美丽的；吸引人的。
adverb: without cheating or trying to achieve unjust advantage. 没有欺骗或试图获得不公正的优势。
adverb(DIALECT): to a high degree. （方言）很大程度上。
noun(ARCHAIC): a beautiful woman. （古老）漂亮的女人。
verb(DIALECT): (of the weather) become fine. （方言）（天气）变好。
proverb: all's fair in love and war - in certain highly charged situations, any method of achieving your objective is justifiable. 在某些高度紧张的情况下，任何实现目标的方式都是合理的。
phrase: by fair means or foul - using whatever means are necessary. 使用任何必要的手段。
phrase: fair and square - honestly and straightforwardly. 诚实和直截了当地。
phrase: a fair deal - equitable treatment. 公平的对待。
phrase: fair enough - used to admit that something is reasonable or acceptable. 用于承认某事是合理的或可接受的。
phrase: fair name - a good reputation. 好的名声。
phrase: the fair sex - women viewed collectively. 女性被统一地看待。
phrase: fair's fair - used to request just treatment or assert that an arrangement is just. 用于要求公平的对待或宣称安排的公平。
phrase: for fair - completely and finally. 完全和最终地。
phrase: in a fair way to do something - having nearly done something, and likely to achieve it. 几乎完成了某件事，并且很可能实现它。
phrase: it's a fair cop - an admission that the speaker has been caught doing wrong and deserves punishment. 承认演讲者被抓到做错了并且应该受到惩罚。
phrase: no fair - unfair (often used in or as a petulant protestation). 不公平（通常用于或作为愤怒的抗议）。
phrase: fair-to-midding - slightly above average. 略高于平均水平。
noun: a gathering of stalls and amusements for public entertainment. 为公众娱乐而聚集的摊位和娱乐场所，即集市或游乐场。
verb: smooth the lines of (a vehicle, boat, or aircraft) to reduce drag; streamline. 平滑（车辆，船只，或飞机）的线条以减少阻力；流线型。
fallout
noun: radioactive particles that are carried into the atmosphere after a nuclear explosion or accident and gradually fall back as dust or in precipitation. 核爆炸或事故后进入大气层并逐渐以灰尘或降水形式回落的放射性粒子，即沉降物。
- airborne substances resulting from an industrial process or accident. 工业过程或事故产生的空气传播物质。
noun: the adverse side effects or results of a situation. 不利的副作用或情况的结果。
far-fetched
- adjective: unlikely and unconvincing; implausible. 不太可能且没有说服力的；难以置信的。
fashion
noun: a popular or the latest style of clothing, hair, decoration, or behaviour.
"the latest Parisian fashions"
noun: a manner of doing something.
"the work is done in a rather casual fashion"
verb: make into a particular form.
"the bottles were fashioned from green glass"
use materials to produce (something).
"the skins were fashioned into boots and shoes"
phrase: after a fashion - to a certain extent but not perfectly.
"he could read after a fashion"
phrase: in the fashion of - in a manner similar to.
"it has been built in the fashion of an authentic Irish pub"
phrase: in fashion - popular and considered to be attractive at the time in question.
"the Sixties look is back in fashion"
phrase: like it's going out of fashion - (with reference to the use or consumption of something) at an excessive rate.
"retailers want you to splash cash like it's going out of fashion"
phrase: out of fashion - unpopular and not considered to be attractive at the time in question.
"extreme designs go out of fashion as quickly as they come in"
feasible
adjective: possible to do easily or conveniently.
"it is not feasible to put most finds from excavations on public display"
feature
noun: a distinctive attribute or aspect of something. 某物的独特属性或方面。（在地质上常指“地貌”）
"safety features like dual air bags"
a part of the face, such as the mouth or eyes, making a significant contribution to its overall appearance.
"a dark-haired man with strong, regular features"
(LINGUISTICS) a distinctive characteristic of a linguistic unit, especially a speech sound or vocabulary item, that serves to distinguish it from others of the same type.
noun: a newspaper or magazine article or a broadcast program devoted to the treatment of a particular topic, typically at length. 专门处理特定主题的报纸或杂志文章或广播节目，通常是长篇大论。
"a feature on Detroit's downtown fishery"
- a full-length film intended as the main item in a movie theater program.
verb: have as a prominent attribute or aspect. 具有突出的属性或方面。（做动词时不好翻译，宾语在后面，翻译时又得先翻译宾语，因此可直接翻译成有。例如 The film feature a star. 正常翻译：这部电影以一个明星做为主演。另一种翻译：这部电影有一个明星）
"the hotel features a large lounge, a sauna, and a coin-operated solarium"
have as an important actor or participant. 作为重要的演员或参与者。
"the film featured Glenn Miller and his Orchestra"
be a significant characteristic of or take an important part in. 具有重要特征或在其中发挥重要作用。
"his later paintings feature prominently in the exhibition"
Federal Circuit 美国联邦巡回法庭（circuit 本身还有电路的意思）
feeble
adjective: lacking physical strength, especially as a result of age or illness. 缺乏体力，尤其是由于年龄或疾病，即虚弱的。
"my legs are very feeble after the flu"
(of a sound) faint. （声音）微弱。
"his voice sounded feeble and far away"
lacking strength of character. 缺乏人格力量。
"she overreacted in such a feeble, juvenile way"
failing to convince or impress. 无法信服或打动。
"a feeble excuse"
fern
- noun: a flowerless plant which has feathery or leafy fronds and repreduces by spores released from the undersides of the fronds. Ferns have a vascular system for the transport of water and nutrients.
fertile
adjective: (of soil or land) producing or capable of producing abundant vegetation or crops. （土壤或土地）生长或能够生长丰富的植物或农作物。
adjective: (of a person, animal, or plant) able to conceive young or produce seed. （人，动物，植物）能够怀孕或能够产生种子。
fickle
adjective: changing frequently, especially as regards one's loyalties or affections.
"celebs trying to appeal to an increasingly fickle public"
field
noun: an area of open land, especially one planted with crops or pasture, typically bounded by hedges or fences. 一块开阔的土地，特别是种植庄稼或牧场的土地，通常以树篱或栅栏为界。
a piece of land used for a particular purpose, especially an area marked out for a game or sport. 用于特定目的的一块土地，特别是标明用于比赛或运动的区域。
defensive play or the defensive positions collectively. 防守打法或防守位置的统称。
a large area of land or water completely covered in a particular substance, especially snow or ice. 大面积的土地或水域完全被某种物质覆盖，尤其是雪或冰。
an area rich in a natural product, typically oil or gas. 富含天然产品的地区，通常是石油或天然气。
a place where a subject of scientific study or of artistic representation can be observed in its natural location or context. 可以在其自然位置或环境中观察科学研究或艺术表现主题的地方。
an area on which a battle is fought. 打仗的地方。
noun: a particular branch of study or sphere of activity or interest. 特定研究分支或活动或兴趣的领域。
(COMPUTING) a part of a record, representing an item of data. 记录的一部分，代表数据项。
(LINGUISTICS·PSYCHOLOGY) a general area of meaning within which individual words make particular distinctions. 一个一般的意义范围，在这个范围内，个别词有特殊的区别。
noun: a space or range within which objects are visible from a particular viewpoint or through a piece of apparatus. 一个空间或范围，在这个范围内物体能够被看到，从一个特殊视点或设备中，即可视范围。
noun: all the participants in a contest or sport. 比赛或运动中的所有参与者。
noun: an area on a flag with a single background color. 旗帜上具有单一背景色的区域。
noun(PHYSICS): the region in which a particular condition prevails, especially one in which a force or influence is effective regardless of the presence or absence of a material medium. （物理）特定条件占主导的区域，尤其是无论是否存在物质媒介，力或影响都有效的区域。
noun(MATHEMATICS): a system subject to two binary operations analogous to those for the multiplication and addition of real numbers, and having similar commutative and distributive laws. 一个系统进行二进制运算类似实数的乘法和加法，并具有类似的交换律和分配律。
verb(CRICKET·BASEBALL): play as a fielder. （板球·棒球）作为防守者（外野手）。
verb: send out (a team or individual) to play in a game. 派出（团队或个人）参加比赛。
(of a political party) nominate (a candidate) to run in an election. （政党）提名（候选人）参加选举。
deploy (an army). 部署（军队）。
verb: deal with (a difficult question, phone call, etc.). 处理（难题，电话等）。
adjective: carried out or working in the natural environment, rather than in a laboratory or office. 在自然环境中进行或工作，而不是在实验室或办公室，即实地的。
(of military equipment) light and mobile for use on campaign. （军事装备）轻便和可移动的用于战役，即野战的。
used in names of animals or plants found in the open country, rather than among buildings or as cultivated varieties. 用于野外发现的动植物命名，而不是建筑物中或作为栽培品种之间。
denoting a game played outdoors on a marked field. 表示在户外有标记的场地上进行的游戏。
phrase: in the field - on campaign; (while) engaged in combat or maneuvers. 在战役中；（正在）参与战斗或演习。
away from the laboratory or studio; engaged in practical work in a natural environment. 远离实验室或工作室；在自然环境中从事实际工作。
(of an employee) away from the home office; working while traveling. （雇员）远离家庭办公室；旅行时工作。
phrase: keep the field - continue a military campaign. 继续军事战斗。
phrase: lead the field - be the leader in a race. 成为比赛中的领先者。
phrase: play the field - indulge in a series of sexual relationships without committing oneself to anyone. 沉迷于一系列的性关系而不向任何人承诺。
phrase: take the field - (of a sports team) go on to a field to begin a game. （运动队）前往场地开始比赛。
fierce
adjective: having or displaying an intense or ferocious aggressiveness. 具有或表现出强烈或凶猛的攻击性。
"the tiger is the largest member of the cat family and a fierce predator"
phrase: something fierce - to a great and almost overwhelming extent. 在很大程度上，几乎是压倒性的。
"he said he missed me something fierce"
figure
noun: a number, especially one which forms part of official statistics or relates to the financial performance of a company. 一个数字，尤其是构成官方统计数据的一部分或与公司业绩表现相关的数字。
noun: a person's bodily shape, especially that of a woman and when considered to be attractive. 一个人的体型，尤其是女性的体型当被认为有吸引力时。
noun: a person of a particular kind, especially one who is important or distinctive in some way. 特定类型的人，尤其是在某些方面重要或与众不同的人。
noun: a shape which is defined by one or more lines in two dimensions (such as a circle or triangle), or one or more surfaces in three dimensions (such as a sphere or a cuboid), either considered mathematically in geometry or used as a decorative design. 由二维中一条线或多条线定义的形状（例如圆或三角形），或三维中一个面或多个面定义的形状（例如球体或长方体），都被在几何学上考虑或用于设计装饰。
noun(MUSIC): a short succession of notes producing a single impression. 生产单一印象的一串短的连续音符。
noun(LOGIC): the form of a syllogism, classified according to the position of the middle term. 三段论的形式，根据中间项的位置分类。
verb: be a significant and noticeable part of something. 成为某事重要和引人注目的一部分。
verb(INFORMAL·NORTH AMERICAN): think, consider, or expect to be the case. （非正式·北美）认为，考虑，或期望会是这样。
verb(NORTH AMERICAN): calculate or work out (an amount or value) arithmetically. （北美）在算术上计算出（数量或值）。
verb: represent (something) in a diagram or picture. 用图表或图片表示（某事物）。
phrase: figure of fun - a person who is considered ridiculous. 被认为荒唐的人。
phrase: keep one's figure - retain a slim and attractive bodily shape. 保持苗条和吸引人的身材。
phrase: lose one's figure - cease to have a slim and attractive bodily shape. 失去苗条和吸引人的身材。
phrase: put a figure on - give a price or exact number for. 给出价格或确切的数字。
phrase: figure on - count or rely on something happening or being the case in the future. 依据正在发生的事情或将来要发生的事情。
phrase: figure out - solve a problem or discover the answer to a question. 解决问题或发现问题的答案。
file
noun: a folder or box for holding loose papers that are typically arranged in a particular order for easy reference. 用于存放松散纸张的文件夹或盒子，通常以特定的顺序排列以便于查找。
verb: place (a document) in a cabinet, box, or folder in a particular order for preservation and easy reference. 将（文件）以特定顺序放在柜子，盒子，或文件夹中，以便保存和参考。
verb: submit (a legal document, application, or charge) to be placed on record by the appropriate authority.
"criminal charges were filed against the firm"
phrase: on file - in a file or filing system. 在文件或归档系统中。
noun: a line of people or things one behind another. 一个接一个排成一行的人或事物。
verb: (of a group of people) walk one behind the other, typically in an orderly and solemn manner. （一群人）一个接一个地走，通常以有序和庄严的方式。
noun: a tool with a roughened surface or surfaces, typically of steel, used for smoothing or shaping a hard material. 具有一个或多个粗糙表面的工具，通常是钢制的，用于打磨或塑造硬质材料，即锉刀。
verb: smooth or shape (something) with a file. 用锉刀打磨或塑造（某物）。
flap
verb: (of a bird) move (its wings) up and down when flying or preparing to fly.
"a pheasant flapped its wings"
verb(INFORMAL·BRITISH): be agitated or panicky.
"it's all right, Mother, don't flap"
noun: a thin, flat piece of cloth, paper, metal, etc. that is hinged or attached on one side only and covers an opening or hangs down from something.
"the flap of the envelope"
noun: an act of flapping something, typically a wing or arm, up and down or from side to side.
"the surviving bird made a few final despairing flaps"
noun(INFORMAL): a state of agitation; a panic.
"your Gran was in a flap, worrying she'd put her foot in it"
noun: a large broad mushroom.
noun(PHONETICS): a type of consonant produced by allowing the tip of the tongue to strike the palate very briefly.
phrase: someone's ears are flapping - someone is trying to a listen to a conversation between other people.
flaw
noun: a mark, blemish, or other imperfection which mars a substance or object.
"a flaw in the glass"
verb: mar, weaken, or invalidate (something).
"the computer game was flawed by poor programming"
noun(LITERARY): a squall of wind; a short storm.
"the ship had turned, caught in a windy flaw"
flee
- verb: run away from a place or situation of danger. 逃离某地或危险的情况。
flip
verb: turn over with a sudden quick movement.
"the plane flipped over and then exploded"
verb: move, push, or throw (something) with a sudden sharp movement.
"she flipped off her dark glasses"
verb(INFORMAL): suddenly lose control or become very angry.
"my mom will flip if I don't get my homework done tonight"
verb: buy and sell (something, especially real estate or shares) quickly to make a profit.
"within one week of starting I flipped a property for a quick $3,000 profit"
verb(INFORMAL·US): become an informer.
"when he was taken in by the investigators, he flipped immediately"
noun: a sudden sharp movement.
"she dismissed his qualms with a flip of her hand"
noun(DATED·INFORMAL): a quick tour or pleasure trip.
"I did a flip round the post-show party"
adjective: glib or flippant.
"he couldn't get away with flip, funny conversation"
exclamation(INFORMAL): used to express mild annoyance.
phrase: flip one's lid/flip out - suddenly lose control or become very angry.
"she would have flipped out if someone had done this to her"
phrase: flip through - look quickly through a book, magazine, etc.
"McLeish flipped through his notes"
noun: another term for eggnog.
fluctuate
- verb: rise and fall irrgularly in number or amount. 在数目或数量上不规则地上升和下降，即波动。
fold
verb: bend (something flexible and relatively flat) over on itself so that one part of it covers another.
"Sam folded up the map"
verb: cover or wrap something in (a soft or flexible material).
"a bag was folded around the book"
hold or clasp (someone) in one's arms affectionately or passionately.
"Bob folded her in his arms"
verb(INFORMAL): (of an enterprise or organization) cease trading or operating as a result of financial problems.
"the club folded earlier this year"
noun: a form or shape produced by the gentle draping of a loose, full garment or piece of cloth.
"the fabric fell in soft folds"
noun:(BRITISH): a slight hill or hollow in the ground.
"the house lay in a fold of the hills"
noun: a line or crease produced in paper or cloth as the result of folding it.
a piece of paper or cloth that has been folded.
"a fold of paper slipped out of the diary"
phrase: above the fold - printed in the top half of the front page of a broadsheet newspaper and so visible when the paper is folded.
"they're holding four column inches above the fold"
phrase: below the fold - printed in the bottom half of the front page of a broadsheet newspaper and so not visible when the paper is folded.
"they both ran the story on page 1 below the fold"
phrase: fold one's arms - bring one's arms together and cross them over one's chest.
phrase: fold one's hands - bring or hold one's hands together.
folk
noun(INFORMAL): people in general. （非正式）普通人。
noun: folk music. 民谣。
adjective: relating to the traditional art or culture of a community or nation. 关于一个社群或国家的传统艺术或文化。
adjective: relating to folk music. 民谣。
fondness
- noun: affection or liking for someone or something. 对某人或某物的感情或喜欢。
formerly
- adverb: in the past; in earlier time. 以前；在早些时候。注意与 formally （正式地）的区别。
formidable
adjective: inspiring fear or respect through being impressively large, powerful, intense, or capable.
"a formidable opponent"
formulation
noun: the action of devising or creating something. 设计或创造某物的行为。
noun: a material or mixture prepared according to a particular formula. 根据特定配方制备的材料或混合物。
forseeable
adjective: able to be foreseen or predicted.
"the situation is unlikely to change in the foreseeable future"
fortune
noun: chance or luck as an external, arbitrary force affecting human affairs. 机会或运气作为影响人类事务的外在，随机力量，即命运。
noun: a large amount of money or assets. 大量金钱或资产，即财富。
phrase: fortune favors the brave - a successful person is often one who is willing to take risks. 成功的人往往是一个愿意冒险的人。
phrase: the fortunes of war - the unpredictable, haphazard events of war. 不可预知的，偶然的战争事件。
phrase: make a fortune - acquire great wealth by one's own efforts. 通过自己的努力获取巨大的财富。
phrase: a small fortune - a large amount of money. 一大笔钱。
phrase: tell someone's fortune - make predictions about a person's future by palmistry, using a crystal ball, reading tarot cards, or similar divining methods. 通过手相，水晶球，塔罗牌或类似的占卜方法预测一个人的未来。
foster
verb: encourage the development of (something, especially something desirable).
"the teacher's task is to foster learning"
verb: bring up (a child that is not one's own by birth).
"a person who would foster Holly was found"
fraction
noun: a numerical quantity that is not a whole number (e.g. 1/2, 0.5). 不是整数的数字量（例如 1/2，0.5）。
noun: a small or tiny part, amount, or proportion of something. 某物的一小部分，数量，或比例。
noun(CHEMISTRY): each of the portions into which a mixture may be separated by a process in which the individual components behave differently according to their physical properties. 每一个部分，这个部分是化合物可以被通过一个过程分离开的，在这个过程中独立的成分根据它们不同的物理特性表现不同。
noun: (in the Christian Church) the breaking of the Eucharistic bread. （在基督教中）分开圣餐面包。
frank
adjective: open, honest, and direct in speech or writing, especially when dealing with unpalatable matters. 公开，诚实，并直接的在演讲或写作中，尤其是处理令人不快的事情时。
"a long and frank discussion"
verb: stamp an official mark on (a letter or parcel), especially to indicate that postage has been paid or does not need to be paid. 在（信或包裹）上盖上官方标记，尤其表示邮资已付或无需支付时。
noun: an official mark or signature on a letter or parcel, especially to indicate that postage has been paid or does not need to be paid. 信件或包裹上的官方标记或签名，尤其是表明邮资已付或无需支付。
noun: short for frankfurter. 法兰克福香肠的缩写。
noun: Frank - a member of a Germanic people that conquered Gaul in the 6th century and controlled much of western Europe for several centuries afterward.
freight
noun: goods transported in bulk by truck, train, ship, or aircraft. 通过卡车，火车，轮船或飞机批量运输的货物。
noun(US): a freight train. （美国）货运列车。
noun: a load or burden. 负载或负担。
verb: transport (goods) in bulk by truck, train, ship, or aircraft. 通过卡车，火车，轮船，或飞机大量运输（货物）。
verb: be laden or burdened with. 承载或负担。
frenzy
- noun: a stated or period of uncontrolled excitement or wild behavior. 不受控的兴奋或狂野的行为的状态或时期。
from time to time
- phrase: sometimes, but not regulary. 有时但不经常。
frustration
noun: the feeling of being upset or annoyed as a result of being unable to change or achieve something. 由于无法改变或实现某事而感到沮丧或烦恼，即挫败感。
noun: the prevention of the progress, success, or fulfilment of something. 进展，成功，或实现某事的阻碍，即挫折。
fume
noun: gas, smoke, or vapor that smells strongly or is dangerous to inhale. 气体，烟雾，或蒸汽，是气味强烈或吸入有危险的。
verb: feel, show, or express great anger. 感到，表现，或表达极大的愤怒。
verb: emit gas, smoke, or vapor. 放出气体，烟雾，或蒸气。
verb: expose (something, especially wood) to ammonia fumes in order to produce dark tints. 将（某物，尤其是木头）暴露在氨气中以产生深色。
futurist
noun: an adherent of Futurism. 未来主义的拥护者。
noun: a person who studies the future and makes predictions about it based on current trends. 研究未来，并根据当前趋势做出预测的人。
noun(THEOLOGY): a person who believes that eschatological prophecies are still to be fulfilled. （神学）相信末世预言仍有待应验的人。
adjective: relating to Futurism or the Futurists. 与未来主义或未来主义者有关的。
adjective: relating to a vision of the future. 与对未来的愿景有关。
fuzz
noun: a fluffy or frizzy mass of hair or fiber.
"a fuzz of black hair"
a blurred image or area.
"she saw Jess surrounded by a fuzz of sunlight"
a buzzing or distorted sound, especially one deliberately produced as an effect on an electric guitar.
verb: make or become blurred or indistinct.
"snow fuzzes the outlines of the signs"
verb: (of hair) become fluffy or frizzy.
"her hair fuzzed out uncontrollably in the heat"
noun(INFORMAL): the police.
"Keep down! It's the fuzz!"
G
game
noun: a form of play or sport, especially a competitive one played according to rules and decided by skill, strength, or luck. 一种游戏或运动的形式，尤其是按照一定规则竞争的，并且由技巧，力量，或运气决定结果，即比赛。
noun: a complete episode or period of play, ending in a definite result. 完整的一局或一段游戏，以一个确定的结果结束，即游戏。
noun(INFORMAL): a type of activity or business regarded as a game. （非正式）一种类型的活动或商业被认为是一场游戏。
noun: wild mammals or birds hunted for sport or food. 为运动或食物而猎杀的野生哺乳动物或鸟类，即猎物。
adjective: eager or willing to do something new or challenging. 渴望或愿意做一些新的或具有挑战性的事情。
verb: manipulate (a situation), typically in a way that is unfair or unscrupulous. 操纵（情况），通常以不公平或恣意的方式。
verb: play video or computer games. 玩电视或电脑游戏。
verb: play games of chance for money; gamble. 玩为了钱的概率游戏；赌博。
phrase: ahead of the game - ahead of one's competitors or peer in the same sphere of activity. 在同一活动领域领先于竞争对手或同辈。
phrase: back in the game - once again active or able to succeed in something. 再次活跃或能够在某事上成功。
phrase: beat someone at their own game - use someone's own methods to outdo them in their chosen activity. 使用某人自己的方法在他们选择的活动中超越他们。
phrase: behind the game - lagging behind one's competitors or peers in the same sphere of activity. 在同一活动领域落后于竞争对手或同辈。
phrase: game over - said when a situation is regarded as hopeless or irreversible. 当情况被认为是没有希望或不可逆转的时说的话。
phrase: make game of - mock; taunt. 嘲弄；嘲讽。
phrase: off one's game - playing badly. （比赛）比得不好。
phrase: on one's game - playing well. （比赛）比得很好。
phrase: the only game in town - the best, the most important, or the only thing worth considering. 最好的，最重要的，或唯一值得考虑的事情。
phrase: play the game - behave in a fair or honorable way; abide by the rules or conventions. 以公平或正直的方式行事；遵守规则或惯例。
phrase: play games - deal with someone or something in a way that lacks due seriousness or respect. 对待某人或某事以一种缺乏应有的严肃或尊重的方式。
phrase: still in the game - still active or able to succeed in something. 仍然活跃或能够在某事上取得成功。
phrase: what's your game? - what's going on? 怎么样？用于问候。
phrase: make a game of it - make a contest more closely competitive. 使比赛更紧密地竞争。
adjective(DATED): (of a person's leg) permanently injured or disabled. （过时的）（某人的腿）永久性损伤或残疾。
gasp
verb: inhale suddenly with the mouth open, out of pain or astonishment.
"a woman gasped in horror at the sight of him"
garment
- noun: an item of clothing. 一件衣服。
gaze
verb: look steadily and intently, especially in admiration, surprise, or thought.
"he could only gaze at her in astonishment"
noun: a steady intent look.
"he turned, following her gaze"
genre (注意发音)
- noun: a category of artistic composition, as in music or literature, characterized by similarities in form, style, or subject matter. 一类艺术作品，如在音乐或文学中，特定是在形式，风格，或主题方面相似。
geology
- noun: the science that deals with the earth's physical structure and substance, its history, and the processes that act on it. 处理地球的物理结构和物质，其历史以及作用于它的过程的科学，即地质学。
get around
phrase: coax or persuade someone to do or allow something that they initially do not want to do. 哄骗或说服某人做或同意他们最初不想做的事情。
phrase: deal successfully with a problem. 成功处理一个问题。
get rid of
phrase: take action so as to be free of (a troublesome or unwanted person or thing).
"we have been campaigning to get rid of the car tax for 20 years"
given
verb: past participle of give. give 的过去分词。
adjective: specified or stated. 指定或说明。
adjective: inclined or disposed to. 倾向于。
adjective(ARCHAIC·LAW): (of a document) signed and dated. （文件的）签名和日期。
preposition: taking into account. 考虑到。（介词是重点，常用在句首，Given n.）
noun: a known or established fact or situation. 已知或确定的事实或情况。
gizmo
- noun: a gadget, especially one whose name the speaker does not know or cannot recall. 一种小工具，尤其是说话者不知道或记不起它的名字的小工具。
gleam
verb: shine brightly, especially with reflected light. (vi. 不及物，只能 sth gleam，不能 gleam sth)
"light gleamed on the china cats"
noun: a faint or brief light, especially one reflected from something.
"the gleam of a silver tray"
glide
verb: move with a smooth continuous motion, typically with little noise.
"a few gondolas glided past"
verb: make an unpowered flight, either in a glider or in an aircraft with engine failure.
"students learning to glide"
(of a bird) fly through the air with very little movement of the wings.
"gulls are gliding birds"
noun: a smooth continuous movement.
"the cuckoo makes its approach in a hawklike glide"
noun(PHONETICS): a sound produced as the vocal organs move toward or away from articulation of a vowel or consonant, for example /j/ in mute /mjut/.
glitter
verb: shine with a bright, shimmering reflected light.
"trees and grass glittered with dew"
noun: a bright, shimmering reflected light.
"the blue glitter of the sea"
noun: tiny pieces of sparkling material used for decoration.
"sneakers trimmed with sequins and glitter"
noun: an attractive and exciting but superficial quality.
"he avoids the glitter of show business"
phrase: all that glitters is not gold - the attractive external appearance of something is not a reliable indication of its true nature.
gloom
noun: partial or total darkness. 部分或完全的黑暗。
noun: a state of depression or despondency. 抑郁或沮丧的状态。
verb(LITERARY): have a dark or somber appearance. （文学的）有一个黑暗或阴沉的外观。
verb: be or look depressed or despondent. 变得或看起来郁闷或沮丧。
goodness
noun: the quality of being morally good or virtuous. 在道德上好或有德行的品质。
noun: the beneficial or nourishing element of food. 食物中有益或有营养的元素。
exclamation: (as a substitution for "God") expressing surprise, anger, etc. （代替"GOD"）表示惊讶，愤怒等。
phrase: goodness of fit - the extent to which observed data match the values expected by theory. 观测数据与理论预期值的匹配程度。
phrase: have the goodness to do something - used in exaggeratedly polite requests. 用在夸张地礼貌请求中。
phrase: out of the goodness of one's heart - motivated by kindness and generosity rather than the hope of personal gain. 出于善良和慷慨的动机而不是期望获得个人利益。
governor
noun: the elected executive head of a state of the US. 美国一个州的民选行政首长。
noun(BRITISH): the head of a public institution. 公共机构的负责人。
noun(INFORMAL·BRITISH): the person in authority; one's employer. 负责人；雇主。
noun: a device automatically regulating the supply of fuel, steam, or water to a machine, ensuring uniform motion or limiting speed. 一种自动调节机器供应的燃料，蒸汽，或水的装置，以确保匀速运动或限制速度。
grab
verb: grasp or seize suddenly and roughly.
"she grabbed him by the shirt collar"
verb(INFORMAL): attract the attention of; make an impression on.
"how does that grab you?"
noun: a quick sudden clutch or attempt to seize.
"he made a grab at the pistol"
noun: a mechanical device for clutching, lifting, and moving things, especially materials in bulk.
phrase: up for grabs - available; obtainable.
"great prizes up for grabs"
grant
verb: agree to give or allow (something requested) to. 同意给予或允许（要求的东西）。
verb: agree or admit to (someone) that (something) is true. 对（某人）同意或承认（某事）是真实的。
noun: a sum of money given by a government or other organization for a particular purpose. 政府或其他组织为特定目的而给予的一笔款项。
phrase: take for granted. 认为是理所当然的（用法 take sth. for granted; It is taken for granted that）。
fail to properly appreciate (someone or something), especially as a result of overfamiliarity. 不能正确地赞赏（某人或某事），尤其是由于过度熟悉。
assume that something is true without questioning it. 假定某事是真实的而不去质疑。
gratification
noun: pleasure, especially when gained from the satisfaction of a desire.
"a thirst for sexual gratification"
graze
verb: (of cattle, sheep, etc.) eat grass in a field.
verb: scrape and break the surface of the skin of (a part of the body).
"she fell down and grazed her knees"
noun: a slight injury where the skin is scraped.
"cuts and grazes on the skin"
grievance
- noun: a real or imagined wrong or other cause for complaint or protest, especially unfair treatment. 真实的或想象中的错误或其他原因，对于投诉或抗议，尤其是不公平的待遇，即不平或怨愤。
grieve
verb: suffer grief. 承受悲伤。
noun(SCOTTISH): an overseer or manager on a farm. （苏格兰语）农场监督员或经理。
grind (past tense/participle: ground)
verb: reduce (something) to small particles or powder by crushing it.
"grind some black pepper over the salad"
sharpen, smooth, or produce (something) by crushing or by friction.
"power from a waterwheel was used to grind cutlery"
operate (a mill or machine) by turning the handle.
"she was grinding a coffee mill"
(of a mill or machine) work with a crushing action.
"the old mill was grinding again"
verb: rub or cause to rub together gratingly.
"mountain ranges developed along fault lines where tectonic plates ground against one another"
move noisily and laboriously, especially against a countering force.
"the truck was grinding slowly up the hill"
verb(INFORMAL): (of a dancer) rotate the hips.
"there were sweaty bodies everywhere bumping and grinding to the music"
noun: a crushing or grating sound or motion.
"the crunch and grind of bulldozers"
the size of ground particles.
"only the right grind gives you all the fine flavor"
noun: hard dull work.
"relief from the daily grind"
- (US) an excessively hard-working student.
noun(INFORMAL): a dancer's rotary movement of the hips.
"a bump and grind"
phrase: grind to a halt - gradually slow down or lose momentum and then stop altogether. 逐渐停止。
"in summer traffic all but grinds to a halt"
phrase: grind away - work or study hard.
"he began to grind away in a job as a research assistant"
phrase: grind down - gradually reduce someone's confidence or strength, especially by harsh or oppressive treatment.
"he was always there, always pestering me, grinding me down"
phrase: grind on - continue for a long time in a wearying or tedious way.
"the rail talks grind on"
phrase: grind out - produce something dull or tedious in a slow and laborious way.
"I must grind out some more fiction"
grip
verb: take and keep a firm hold of; grasp tightly. 抓住并牢牢把握；紧紧抓住。
verb: (of a feeling or emotion) deeply affect (someone). （感觉或情绪）深深地影响（某人）。
noun: a firm hold; a tight grasp or clasp. 坚定地持有；紧紧抓住或扣住。
noun: an effective form of control over something. 控制某物的有效形式。
noun: a part or attachment by which something is held in the hand. 将某物握在手中的部件或附件。
noun: a traveling bag. 旅行包。
noun: an assistant in a theater; a stagehand. 剧院助理；舞台工作人员。
phrase: come to grips with - begin to deal with or understand. 开始处理或理解。
phrase: get a grip - keep or recover one's self-control. 保持或恢复一个人的自制力。
phrase: in the grip of - dominated or affected by something undsirable or adverse. 受到不受欢迎或不利事物支配或影响。
phrase: lose one's grip - become unable to understand or control one's situation. 变得无法理解或控制自己的处境。
phrase: get a grip on - take control of. 控制。
groan
verb: make a deep inarticulate sound in response to pain or despair.
"Marty groaned and pulled the blanket over his head"
verb: (of a thing) make a low creaking or moaning sound when pressure or weight is applied.
"James slumped back into his chair, making it groan and bulge"
noun: a deep inarticulate sound made in pain or despair.
"she lay back with a groan"
noun: a low creaking or moaning sound made by an object or device under pressure.
"the protesting groan of timbers"
phrase: groan inwardly - feel dismayed by something but remain silent.
"everything has a tepid inevitability, and even as you smile you may be groaning inwardly."
groundless
adjective: not based on any good reason.
"your fears are quite groundless"
grunt
verb: (of an animal, especially a pig) make a low, short guttural sound.
"an enormous pig grunted and shuffled in a sty outside"
(of a person) make a low inarticulate sound, typically to express effort or indicate assent.
"‘What is it?’ he grunted irritably"
noun: a low, short guttural sound made by an animal or a person.
"with snorts and grunts the animals were coaxed down the ramp"
noun(INFORMAL·NORTH AMERICAN) a low-ranking or unskilled soldier or other worker.
"grunt work"
noun: an edible shoaling fish of tropical inshore waters and coral reefs, able to make a loud noise by grinding its teeth and amplifying the sound in the swim bladder.
noun(US): a dessert made of fruit topped with dough.
"blueberry grunt"
gut
noun: the stomach or belly.
"a painful stabbing feeling in his gut"
(MEDICINE·BIOLOGY) the lower alimentary canal or a part of this; the intestine.
"microbes which naturally live in the human gut"
entrails that have been removed or exposed in violence or by a butcher.
the internal parts or essence of something.
"the guts of a modern computer"
noun(INFORMAL): used in reference to a feeling or reaction based on an instinctive emotional response rather than considered thought.
"our gut reaction turned out to be wrong"
noun: personal courage and determination; toughness of character.
"she had both more brains and more guts than her husband"
noun: fiber made from the intestines of animals, used especially for violin or racket strings or for surgical use.
"gut strings"
noun: a narrow passage or strait.
verb: take out the intestines and other internal organs of (a fish or other animal) before cooking it.
remove or destroy completely the internal parts of (a building or other structure).
"the fire gutted most of the factory"
verb(INFORMAL·BRITISH): cause (someone) to feel extremely upset or disappointed.
"it guts me to think about what my mother and brother missed out on"
phrase: bust a gut - make a strenuous effort.
"a problem which nobody is going to bust a gut trying to solve"
phrase: — one's guts out - used to indicate that the specified action is done or performed as hard as possible.
"he ran his guts out and finished fourth"
phrase: hate someone's guts - feel a strong hatred for someone.
H
halo
noun: a disk or circle of light shown surrounding or above the head of a saint or holy person to represent their holiness.
the glory associated with an idealized person or thing.
"he has long since lost his halo for many ordinary citizens"
noun: a circle of white or colored light around the sun, moon, or other luminous body caused by refraction through ice crystals in the atmosphere.
verb: surround with or as if with a halo.
"gas lamps haloed in mist"
hamper
noun: a basket with a carrying handle and a hinged lid, used for food, cutlery, and plates on a picnic. (NORTH AMERICAN) used for laundry. 带提手和铰链式盖子的篮子，用于盛放野餐时的食物、刀具和盘子。（北美）用于洗衣服。
"a laundry hamper"
verb: hinder or impede the movement or progress of. 阻碍运动或进程。
"their work is hampered by lack of funds"
noun: necessary but cumbersome equipment on a ship. 船上必要但笨重的设备。
handicap
noun: a circumstance that makes progress or success difficult. 使进度或成功变得困难的情况。
noun(OFFENSIVE·DATED): a condition that markedly restricts a person's ability to function physically, mentally, or socially. （攻击性的·过时的）明显限制了人身体、精神或社交功能能力的情况。
noun: a disadvantage imposed on a superior competitor in sports such as golf, horse racing, and competitive sailing in order to make the chances more equal. 在运动，例如高尔夫、赛马和竞技帆船，中强加给优秀竞争者的不利条件，以使机会更加平等。
verb: act as an impediment to. 起到阻碍作用。
hands-on
adjective: involving direct involvement or intervention.
"increasingly, CEOs are taking a hands-on approach to information security"
involving or offering active participation rather than theory.
"hands-on in-service training"
handsome
adjective: (of a man) good-looking.
adjective: (of a number, sum of money, or margin) substantial.
"elected by a handsome majority"
phrase: handsome is as handsome does - character and behavior are more important than appearance.
hard line
noun: an uncompromising adherence to a firm policy.
"he is known to take a hard line on sentencing policy for murder"
hard-line
adjective: uncompromising; strict.
"a hard-line party activist"
hardwire
verb: make (a function) a permanent feature in a computer by means of permanently connected circuits, so that it cannot be altered by software. 通过永久连接的电路使（某功能）成为计算机中的永久功能，使其不能被软件改动。
verb: make (a pattern of behaviour or belief) standard or instinctive. 使（行为或信仰的模式）成为标准或本能。
harness
noun: a set of straps and fittings by which a horse or other draft animal is fastened to a cart, plow, etc. and is controlled by its driver. 一套带子和配件，用来将马或其他役畜绑在推车，犁等上，并由司机控制。
- an arrangement of straps for fastening something to a person's body, such as a parachute, or for restraining a young child. 用于将某物固定在人身上的一套带子，例如降落伞，或约束幼儿的。
verb: put a harness on (a horse or other draft animal). 给（马或其他役畜）套上挽具。
verb: control and make use of (natural resources), especially to produce energy. 控制并利用（自然资源），尤其是用于生产能源。
phrase: in harness - (of a horse or other animal) used for driving or draft work. （马或其他动物）用于驾驶或牵引工作。
in the routine of daily work. 在日常的工作中。
working closely with someone to achieve something. 与某人密切合作以取得成就。
harsh
adjective: unpleasantly rough or jarring to the senses. 令人不愉快的粗糙或刺耳的感觉。
adjective: cruel or severe. 残酷的或严厉的。
hassle
noun(INFORMAL): irritating inconvenience.
"all the hassle involved in travel"
verb: subject (someone) to harassment or pressure to do something; harass or pester.
"you want to sit and relax and not get hassled"
haste
noun: excessive speed or urgency of movement or action; hurry. 动作或行为上过快的速度或急迫；匆忙。
verb: archaic term for hasten. hasten 的古老词汇。
phrase: make haste - hurry; hasten. 匆忙；加速。
proverb: more haste, less speed - you make better progress with a task if you don't try to do it too quickly. 你会取得更好的任务进展，如果你不去过快地完成的话，即欲速则不达。
hasten
- verb: be quick to do something. 快点做某事。
haunt
verb: (of a ghost) manifest itself at (a place) regularly. （鬼）经常出现在（一个地方）。
(of a person or animal) frequent (a place). （人或动物）常去（一个地方）
be persistently in the mind of (someone). 持续在（某人）的脑海中，可译为困扰。
be persistently and disturbingly present in (something). 持续并令人不安地出现在（某事物）中，可译为笼罩。
hawk
noun: a bird of prey with broad rounded wings and a long tail, typically taking prey by surprise with a short chase.
noun: a person who advocates an aggressive or warlike policy, especially in foreign affairs.
"severe limits were put on the peace plan by party hawks"
verb: (of a person) hunt game with a trained hawk.
verb: (of a bird or dragonfly) hunt on the wing for food.
"swifts hawked low over the water"
phrase: have eyes like a hawk - miss nothing of what is going on around one.
phrase: watch someone like a hawk - keep a vigilant eye on someone, especially to check that they do nothing wrong.
"she watched them like a hawk because some of them were bound to cheat"
verb: carry about and offer (goods) for sale, typically advertising them by shouting.
"street traders were hawking costume jewellery"
verb: clear the throat noisily.
"he hawked and spat into the flames"
noun: a plasterer's square board with a handle underneath for carrying plaster or mortar.
headline
noun: a heading at the top of an article or page in a newspaper or magazine. 报纸或杂志的文章或页面顶部的标题。
noun(ECONOMICS): denoting or relating to a figure for unemployment based on the unadjusted total number of people out of work, as a percentage of the population. （经济）表示或与失业率有关，失业率基于未调整的失业总人数占人口的百分比。
verb: provide with a headline. 提供标题。
verb: appear as the star perfomer at (a concert). 在（音乐会）上作为明星表演者出现。
headlong
adverb: with the head foremost.
"he fell headlong into the tent"
adverb: in a rush; with reckless haste.
"those who rush headlong to join in the latest craze"
adjective: extremely or recklessly hasty.
"a headlong dash through the house"
hedge
noun: a fence or boundary formed by closely growing bushes or shrubs.
"a privet hedge"
noun: a way of protecting oneself against financial loss or other adverse circumstances. (对冲)
"index-linked gilts are a useful hedge against inflation"
noun: a word or phrase used to avoid overprecise commitment, for example etc., often, or sometimes.
verb: surround with a hedge.
"a garden hedged with yew"
verb: limit or qualify (something) by conditions or exceptions.
"they hedged their story about with provisos"
verb: protect oneself against loss on (a bet or investment) by making balancing or compensating transactions.
"the company hedged its investment position on the futures market"
phrase: hedge one's bets — avoid committing oneself when faced with a difficult choice.
"they hedged their bets by saying they might apply"
heighten
verb: make or become more intense. 使或变得更加激烈。
verb: make (something) higher. 使（某物）更高。
hemisphere
- noun: a half of a sphere. 半球。
hence
adverb: as a consequence; for this reason. 作为结果；为此原因，即因此。
adverb: in the future (used after a period of time). 将来（用在一段时间后），即此后。
adverb(ARCHAIC): from here. （古老）从这里。
herd
noun: a large group of animals, especially hoofed mammals, that live together or are kept together as livestock.
"a herd of elephants"
noun(DEROGATORY): a large group of people with a shared characteristic.
"I dodged herds of joggers"
verb: (with reference to a group of people or animals) move in a group.
"they were herded into a bus"
verb: keep or look after (livestock).
"they live by herding reindeer"
hijack
verb: unlawfully seize (an aircraft, ship, or vehicle) in transit and force it to go to a different destination or use it for one's own purposes.
"three armed men hijacked a white van"
steal (goods) by seizing them in transit.
"the UN convoys have been tamely allowing gunmen to hijack relief supplies"
take over (something) and use it for a different purpose.
"the organization had been hijacked by extremists"
noun: an incident or act of hijacking.
"an unsuccessful hijack attempt"
hippocampus
- noun(ANATOMY): the elongated ridges on the floor of each lateral ventricle of the brain, thought to be the centre of emotion, memory, and the autonomic nervous system.
Hispanic
adjective: relating to Spain or to Spanish-speaking countries, especially those of Latin America. 与西班牙或讲西班牙语的国家有关，尤其是拉丁美洲国家。
noun: a Spanish-speaking person living in the US, especially one of Latin American descent. 居住在美国的讲西班牙语的人，尤其是拉丁美洲血统的人。
hitherto
adverb: until now or until the point in time under discussion.
"hitherto part of French West Africa, Benin achieved independence in 1960"
homicide
- noun: the deliberate and unlawful killing of one person by another; murder. 一个人故意和非法杀害另一个人；谋杀。
homogeneous
- adjective: of the same kind; alike. 同类；一样。
homogenize
verb: subject (milk) to a process in which the fat droplets are emulsified and the cream does not separate. 使（牛奶）经过一个过程，在这个过程中脂肪滴被乳化并且奶油没有被分离。
verb: make uniform or similar. 使一致或相似，即同质化。
hooray (variant of hurrah)
exclamation: used to express joy or approval.
"This book has won all sorts of prizes. Hooray!"
exclamation(AUSTRALIAN · NEW ZEALAND): goodbye.
"‘Hooray George, promise you'll come back.’"
noun: an utterance of the word 'hurrah'.
"they gave us a loud hurrah as we went by"
verb: shout 'hurrah'.
"we waved our swords and hurrahed"
hormone
- noun: a regulatory substance produced in an organism and transported in tissue fluids such as blood or sap to stimulate specific cells or tissues into action.
hospice
- noun: a home providing care for the sick or terminally ill. 为病人或绝症病人提供护理的家。
hostile
- adjective: unfriendly; antagonistic. 不友好；敌对的。
hostility
- noun: hostile behavior; unfriendiness or opposition. 敌对行为；不友好或反对。
however
adverb: used to introduce a statement that contrasts with or seems to contradict something that has been said previously. 用于介绍与先前所说的事物形成对比或似乎矛盾的陈述。
adverb: in whatever way; regardless of how; 以任何方式；无论如何。
hum
verb: make a low, steady continuous sound like that of a bee. 发出低沉、稳定、连续的声音，像蜜蜂一样。
verb(INFORMAL): be in a state of great activity. （非正式）处于极度活跃的状态，忙碌。
verb(INFORMAL·BRITISH): smell unpleasant. （非正式·英国）闻起来难闻。
noun: a low, steady continuous sound. 低沉而稳定的连续声音。
exclamation: used to express hesitation or dissent. 用于表示犹豫或反对。
humble
adjective: having or showing a modest or low estimate of one's own importance. 对自己的重要性有或表示出谦虚或较低的估计。
adjective: of low social, administrative, or political rank. 社会，行政，或政治地位低的人。
adjective: (of a thing) of modest pretensions or dimensions. （事物）谦虚的断言或维度。
humiliate
- verb: make (someone) feel ashamed and foolish by injuring their dignity and self-respect, especially publicly. 使（某人）感到羞耻和愚蠢，通过伤害他们的尊严和自尊，尤其是在公开场合。
hydraulic
adjective: denoting, relating to, or operated by a liquid moving in a confined space under pressure. 表示、有关或通过液体在压力下在密闭空间中移动来操作。
adjective: relating to the science of hydraulics. 与水利学相关。
(of cement) hardening under water. （水泥）在水的作用下硬化。
hype
noun: extravagant or intensive publicity or promotion. 奢侈或密集的宣传或促销。
verb: promote or publicize (a product or idea) intensively, often exaggerating its importance or benefits. 密集地促销或宣传（产品或想法），通常夸大其重要性或好处。
noun: a hypodermic needle or injection. 皮下注射针头或注射剂（常指吸毒者）。
verb: stimulate or excite (someone). 激发某人或使某人兴奋起来。
hyper
- adjective: hyperactive or unususally energetic. 过度活跃或异常精力充沛。
hyper-
prefix: over; beyond; above; exceeding; excessively; above normal. 超过；过度；超出正常水平。
prefix: relating to hypertext. 关于超文本的。
hyperactive
- adjective: abnormally or extremely active. 异常或极度活跃。
hypocrisy
- the practice of claiming to have moral standards or beliefs to which one's own behavior does not conform; pretense. 声称具有道德标准或信仰但实际自己的行为并不符合的做法；虚伪。
hypothetical
adjective: based on or serving as a hypothesis.
"let us take a hypothetical case"
noun: a hypothetical proposition or statement.
"officials refuse to discuss military policy except in coy hypotheticals"
hysteria
- noun: exaggerated or uncontrollable emotion or excitement. 夸大或无法控制的情绪或兴奋，即歇斯底里。
I
ideal
adjective: satisfying one's conception of what is perfect; most suitable. 满足某人对什么是完美的概念；最合适的。
adjective: existing only in the imagination; desirable or perfect but not likely to become a reality. 只存在于想象中；理想或完美但不太可能成为现实。
noun: a person or thing regarded as perfect. 被视为完美的人或事物。
identify
verb: establish or indicate who or what (someone or something) is. 确立或指明（某人）是谁或（某物）是什么。
recognize or distinguish (especially something considered worthy of attention). 识别或区分（尤其是被认为值得关注的事物）。
assign (a particular characteristic or categorization) to oneself; describe oneself as belonging to (a particular category or group). 分配（一个特定的特征或分类）给自己；描述自己属于（特定的类别或群体）。
verb: associate (someone) closely with; regard (someone) as having strong links with. 将（某人）紧密联系到；认为（某人）有很强的关联与（也常用于表示等同于或认同）。
equate (someone or something) with. 等同于（某人或某物）（identify A with B）。
regard oneself as sharing the same characteristics or thinking as someone else. 认为自己与他人具有相同的特征或想法（identify with sb.）。
ideology
noun: a system of ideas and ideals, especially one which forms the basis of economic or political theory and policy. 一种思想和理想体系，尤其是构成经济或政治理论和政策基础的体系。
- the ideas and manner of thinking characteristic of a group, social class, or individual. 一个群体、社会阶层或个人的想法和思维方式，即意识形态。
idiomatic
adjective: using, containing, or denoting expressions that are natural to a native speaker.
"he spoke fluent, idiomatic English"
adjective: appropriate to the style of art or music associated with a particular period, individual, or group.
"a short Bach piece containing lots of idiomatic motifs"
igneous
adjective: (of rock) having solidified from lava or magma.
relating to or involving volcanic processes.
"igneous activity"
(RARE) of fire; fiery.
ignorant
adjective: lacking knowledge or awareness in general; uneducated or unsophisticated. 通常缺乏知识和意识；未受过教育或不成熟的。 固定搭配：be ignorant of sth. 对某事无知的。
adjective(INFORMAL): discourteous or rude. （非正式）无礼或粗鲁的。
adjective(WEST INDIAN): angry or quick-tempered. （西印度）生气或脾气暴躁的。
illiterate
adjective: unable to read or write.
"his parents were illiterate"
noun: a person who is unable to read or write.
phrase: functionally illiterate — lacking the literacy necessary for coping with most jobs and many everyday situations.
illusion
noun: a thing that is or is likely to be wrongly perceived or interpreted by the senses. 被感官错误地感知或解释的事物，即错觉。
phrase: be under the illusion that - believe mistakenly that. 误以为。
phrase: be under no illusion - be fully aware of the true state of affairs. 充分了解事情的真实情况。
imitate
- verb: take or follow as a model. 效仿或以之为模型。
immunization
- noun: the action of making a person or animal immune to infection, typically by inoculation. 使人或动物对感染免疫的行为，通常通过接种的形式。
impair
verb: weaken or damage something (especially a human faculty or function).
"drug use impairs job performance"
impartial
adjective: treating all rivals or disputants equally; fair and just. 平等对待所有竞争对手或争论者的；公平公正的。
"independent and impartial advice"
impede
verb: delay or prevent (someone or something) by obstructing them; hinder.
"the sap causes swelling that can impede breathing"
impetus
noun: the force or energy with which a body moves. 身体移动的力量或能量。
noun: something that makes a process or activity happen or happen more quickly. 使过程或活动发生或发生得更快的东西。
implication
noun: the conclusion that can be drawn from something although it is not explicitly stated. 可以从某事中得出的结论，尽管没有明确说明。
"the implication is that no one person at the bank is responsible"
a likely consequence of something.
"many people are unaware of the implications of such reforms"
noun: the action or state of being involved in something. 参与某事的行动或状态。
"our implication in the problems"
phrase: by implication - by what is implied or suggested rather than by formal expression. 通过暗示或建议而不是正式的表达。
"he criticized her and, by implication, her country"
impose
verb: force (something unwelcome or unfamiliar) to be accepted or put in place.
"the decision was theirs and was not imposed on them by others"
verb: take advantage of someone by demanding their attention or commitment.
"she realized that she had imposed on Miss Hatherby's kindness"
verb(PRINTING): arrange (pages of type) so that they will be in the correct order after printing and folding.
impoverish
- verb: make (a person or area) poor. 使（一个人或一个地区）贫穷。
impoverished
- adjective: (of a person or area) made poor. （某人或地区）变穷的。
impratical
adjective: not adapted for use or action; not sensible or realistic.
"impractical high heels"
adjective(NORTH AMERICAN): impossible to do; impracticable.
impulse
noun: a sudden strong and unreflective urge or desire to act. 突然强烈的并不加思索的冲动或行动欲望。
noun: a driving or motivating force; an impetus. 驱动力或动力；一种动力。
noun: a pulse of electrical energy; a brief current. 电能脉冲；短暂的电流。
noun(PHYSICS): a force acting briefly on a body and producing a finite change of momentum. （物理）短暂作用于物体并产生有限动量变化的力。
phrase: on impulse - suddenly and without forethought; impulsively. 突然并且没有深思熟虑的；冲动地。
inadequate
- adjective: lacking the quality or quantity required; insufficient for a purpose. 缺乏所需要的质量或数量；不足以达到目的的。
incentive
- noun: a thing that motivates or encourages one to do something. 激励或鼓励某人做某事的事物。
incite
verb: encourage or stir up (violent or unlawful behavior).
"the offense of inciting racial hatred"
urge or persuade (someone) to act in a violent or unlawful way.
"he incited loyal subjects to rebellion"
inclination
noun: a person's natural tendency or urge to act or feel in a particular way; a disposition or propensity.
an interest in or liking for (something).
"John was a scientist by training and inclination"
"Burger King and Wendy's didn't show any inclination to jump into a price war with McDonald's"
noun: a slope or slant.
"changes in inclination of the line on the graph"
noun: the angle at which a straight line or plane is inclined to another.
incline
verb: feel willing or favorably disposed toward (an action, belief, or attitude). 感到愿意或赞同地倾向（行为，信仰，或态度）。
verb: have a tendency to do something. 有做某事的倾向。
verb: lean or turn away from a given plane or direction, especially the vertical or horizontal. 倾斜或远离给定的平面或方向，尤其是垂直或水平方向。
noun: an inclined surface or plane; a slope, especially on a road or railway. 倾斜的表面或平面；斜坡，尤其是路上或铁路上的。
incorporate
verb: take in or contain (something) as part of whole; include. 将（某物）作为整体的一部分纳入或包含；包括。
verb: constitute (a company, city, or other organization) as a legal corporation. 将（公司，城市，或其他组织）构成一个合法的大企业。
adjective: another term for incorporated. incorporated 的另一种形式。 (of a company or other organization) formed into a legal corporation. （公司或其他组织）成立为合法大公司的。
indeed
adverb: used to emphasize a statement or response confirming something already suggested. 用于强调确认已经提出的某事的陈述或回应。
adverb: used to introduce a further and stronger or more surprising point. 用于介绍更进一步更强或更令人惊讶的观点。
adverb: used in a response to express interest, incredulity, or contempt. 用于回应中表达感兴趣，怀疑，或鄙视。
indefinite
adjective: lasting for an unknown or unstated length of time.
"they may face indefinite detention"
not clearly expressed or defined; vague.
"their status remains indefinite"
(GRAMMAR) (of a word, inflection, or phrase) not determining the person, thing, time, etc., referred to.
indicative
adjective: serving as a sign or indication of something. 作为某事的标志或指示。
adjective(GRAMMAR): denoting a mood of verbs expressing simple statement of a fact. （语法）表示动词的语气，表达对事实的简单陈述。
noun(GRAMMAR): a verb in the indicative mood. 陈述语气的动词。
indifference
noun: lack of interest, concern, or sympathy. 缺乏兴趣、关心或同情。
"she shrugged, feigning indifference"
unimportance.
"it cannot be regarded as a matter of indifference"
indignation
- noun: anger or annoyance provoked by what is perceived as unfair treatment. 被认为是不公平的待遇所激起的愤怒或烦恼。
indispensable
- adjective: absolutely necessary. 绝对必要的，不可或缺的。
induce
verb: succeed in persuading or influencing (someone) to do something. 成功说服或影响（某人）做某事。
verb: bring about or give rise to. 导致或引起。
verb(MEDICINE): bring on (the birth of a baby) artificially, typically by the use of drugs. （医药）人工地带来（婴儿的出生），通常通过使用药物的方式，即引产。
verb(LOGIC): derive by inductive reasoning. （逻辑）由归纳的推理派生而出。
inedible
- adjective: not fit or suitable for eating. 不适合食用。
inevitable
adjective: certain to happen; unavoidable. 肯定会发生，不可避免的。
adjective(INFORMAL): so frequently experienced or seen that it is completely predictable. 太过频繁地经历或看到以致于完全可以预测。
noun: a situation that is unavoidable. 不可避免的情况。
inexorable
adjective: impossible to stop or prevant.
"the seemingly inexorable march of new technology"
adjective: (of a person) impossible to persuade by request or entreaty.
"the doctors were inexorable, and there was nothing to be done"
infancy
noun: the state or period of early childhood or babyhood.
"a son who died in infancy"
the early stage in the development or growth of something.
"opinion polls were in their infancy"
(LAW) the condition of being a minor.
infant
- noun: a very young child or baby. 非常年幼的孩子或婴儿。
in favour of
phrase: to be replaced by. 被替换。
phrase: in support or to the advantage of. 支持或受益，即倾向于。
inferior
adjective: lower in rank, status, or quality. (be inferior to)
"schooling in inner-city areas was inferior to that in the rest of the country"
of low standard or quality.
"inferior goods"
(LAW) (of a court or tribunal) susceptible to having its decisions overturned by a higher court.
(ECONOMICS) denoting goods or services which are in greater demand during a recession than in a boom, for example second-hand clothes.
adjective(ANATOMY): low or lower in position.
"ulcers located in the inferior and posterior wall of the duodenum"
- (BOTANY) (of the ovary of a flower) situated below the sepals and enclosed in the receptacle.
adjective(PRINTING): (of a letter, figure, or symbol) written or printed below the line.
noun: a person lower than another in rank, status, or ability.
"her social and intellectual inferiors"
noun(PRINTING): an inferior letter, figure, or symbol.
infirm
- adjective: not physically or mentally strong, especially through age or illness. 身体或精神上不强壮，尤其是由于年龄或疾病。
inflict
verb: cause (something unpleasant or painful) to be suffered by someone or something. 造成
"they inflicted serious injuries on three other men"
impose something unwelcome on. 强加
"she is wrong to inflict her beliefs on everyone else"
infringement
noun: the action of breaking the terms of a law, agreement, etc.; violation. 破坏法律、协议等条款的行为；侵害。
noun: the action of limiting or undermining something. 限制或破坏某事的行为。
ingenious
adjective: (of a person) clever, original, and inventive. （人）聪明的，独创的，有创造力的。
adjective: (of a machine or idea) cleverly and originally devised and well suited to its purpose. （机器或想法）被聪明或原创性地设计，且非常适合其目的。
ingrain
verb: firmly fix or establish (a habit, belief, or attitude) in a person.
"they trivialize the struggle and further ingrain the long-standing attitudes"
adjective: (of a textile) composed of fibres which have been dyed different colours before being woven.
inherent
adjective: existing in something as a permanent, essential, or characteristic attribute.
"any form of mountaineering has its inherent dangers"
(LAW) vested in someone as a right or privilege.
"the president's inherent foreign affairs power"
(LINGUISTICS) (of an adjective) having the same meaning in both attributive and predicative uses.
initiative
noun: the ability to assess and initiate things independently. 独立评估并发起事物的能力。
noun: the power or opportunity to act or take charge before others do. 在他人前面行动或负责的权力或机会。
noun: an act or strategy intended to resolve a difficulty or improve a situation; a fresh approach to something. 旨在解决困难或改善情况的行为或策略；对某事的新方法。
noun: (especially in some US states and Switzerland) the right of citizens outside the legislature to originate legislation. （特别是在美国一些州和瑞士）立法机关以外的公民的权利，来发起立法。
phrase: on one's own initiative - without being prompted by others. 不是被他人所促进。
phrase: take the initiative - be the first to take action in a particular situation. 在特殊情况下，第一个采取行动。
innate
- adjective: inborn; natural. 先天的；自然的。
innocent
adjective: not guilty of a crime or offense. 对罪行或冒犯没有犯罪的，即无辜的。
without experience or knowledge of. 没有经验或知识的，即无知的。
without; lacking. 没有；不足。
adjective: not responsible for or directly involved in an event yet suffering its consequences. 没有负责或没有直接参与的事件，但仍然承受了它的后果。
adjective: free from moral wrong; not corrupted. 没有道德错误；没有损坏。
- simple; naive. 简单的；幼稚的。
adjective: not intended to cause harm or offense; harmless. 不是有意导致伤害或冒犯；无害的。
noun: a pure, guileless, or naive person. 纯洁，朴实，或幼稚的人。
noun: a person involved by chance in a situation, especially a victim of crime or war. 偶然卷入某种情况的人，尤其是犯罪或战争的受害者。
in place
phrase: working or ready to work; established. 工作或对工作准备就绪；已确立的。
phrase(NORTH AMERICAN): on the spot; not travelling any distance. 当场；没有旅行任何距离。
inquiry
- noun: an act of asking for information. 询问信息的行为。
insatiable
adjective: (of an appetite or desire) impossible to satisfy.
"an insatiable hunger for success"
insidious
- adjective: proceeding in a gradual, subtle way, but with harmful effects. 以一种逐渐的，精细的形式进行，但带有有害的影响，即暗中有害的。
insight
noun: the capacity to gain an accurate and deep intuitive understanding of a person or thing.
"this paper is alive with sympathetic insight into Shakespeare"
insightful
adjective: having or showing an accurate and deep understanding; perceptive.
"thank you for all the insightful comments"
insist
- verb: demand something forcefully, not accepting refusal. 强求某事，不接受拒绝。
instill (instil)
verb: gradually but firmly establish (an idea or attitude, especially a desirable one) in a person's mind. 灌输。
"how do we instill a sense of rightness in today's youth?"
verb: put (a substance) into something in the form of liquid drops.
"she was told how to instill eye drops"
institution
noun: a society or organization founded for a religious, educational, social, or similar purpose.
"a certificate from a professional institution"
noun: an established law, practice, or custom.
"the institution of marriage"
noun: the action of instituting something.
"a delay in the institution of proceedings"
instruction
noun: a direction or order. 指示或命令。
noun: detailed information telling how something should be done, operated, or assembled. 告知如何完成，操作，或组装某事的详细信息。
noun: teaching; education. 教学；教育。
integer
noun: a number that is not a fraction; a whole number.
"M represents a positive integer greater than one"
noun: a thing complete in itself.
integral
adjective: necessary to make a whole complete; essential or fundamental. 不可获缺的，整体的。
"games are an integral part of the school's curriculum"
adjective(MATHEMATICS): of or denoted by an integer. 关于整数。（仅形容词词性下）
- involving only integers, especially as coefficients of a function.
noun: a function of which a given function is the derivative, i.e. which yields that function when differentiated, and which may express the area under the curve of a graph of the function. 积分（仅名词词性下）
- a function satisfying a given differential equation.
integrate
verb: combine (one thing) with another so that they become a whole.
"transportation planning should be integrated with energy policy"
verb: bring (people or groups with particular characteristics or needs) into equal participation in or membership of a social group or institution.
"integrating children with special needs into ordinary schools"
verb(MATHEMATICS): find the integral of. 求积分。
"the velocity profile can be obtained by integrating this equation"
integrity
noun: the quality of being honest and having strong moral moral principles; moral uprightness.
"he is known to be a man of integrity"
noun: the state of being whole and undivided.
"upholding territorial integrity and national sovereignty"
intellectual
adjective: relating to intellect. (intellectual property 知识产权)
"children need intellectual stimulation"
noun: a person possessing a highly developed intellect.
"a prominent political thinker and intellectual"
intelligence
noun: the ability to acquire and apply knowledge and skills. 获得和应用知识和技能的能力，即智慧。
noun: the collection of information of military or political value. 收集具有军事或政治价值的信息，即情报。
intervention
- noun: the action or process of intervening. 干预的行动或过程。
in the world
phrase: used for emphasis in questions, especially to express astonishment or disbelief. 用于强调问题，尤其是表达惊讶或不相信，常译为到底，究竟。
"why in the world did you not reveal yourself sooner?"
intimate
adjective: closely acquainted; familiar, close. 熟识的；熟悉，接近的。
(of a place or setting) having or creating an informal friendly atmosphere. （地方或环境）具有或创造出一种非正式的友好气氛。
involving very close connection. 涉及非常密切的联系。
(of knowledge) detailed or thorough. （知识）详细的或彻底的。
adjective: private and personal. 私人和个人的。
- (EUPHEMISTIC) used euphemistically to indicate that a couple is having a sexual relationship. （委婉的）用于委婉地表示一对夫妇正在发生性关系。
noun: a very close friend. 一个非常亲密的朋友。
verb: imply or hint. 暗示或隐射。
- state or make known. 陈述或公开。
intricate
- adjective: very complicated or detailed. 非常复杂或详细的。
introduce
verb: bring (something, especially a product, measure, or concept) into use or operation for the first time. 首次将（某物，尤其是产品，措施，或概念）投入使用或操作。
verb: make (someone) known by name to another in person, especially formally. 使（某人）以名字为人所知，特别是正式地。
verb: insert or bring into something. 插入或带入某物。
verb: occur at the start of; open. 发生在开始；开幕。
intuition
- noun: the ability to understand something immediately, without the need for conscious reasoning. 无需有意识的推理即可立即理解某事的能力，即直觉。
inundate
verb: overwhelm (someone) with things or people to be dealt with. 被要处理的人或事物所压倒
verb: flood. 淹没、泛滥
invocation
- noun: the action of invoking something or someone for assistance or as an authority. 请求某人或某物作为帮助或权威的行为。
irrational
adjective: not logical or reasonable. 不合逻辑或不合理。
adjective(MATHEMATICS): (of a number, quantity, or expression) not expressible as a ratio of two integers, and having an infinite and nonrecurring expansion when expressed as a decimal. Examples of irrational numbers are the number π and the square root of 2. （数学）（数字，数量，或表达式）不能表示为两个整数的比率，并且当表示为小数时具有无限和非循环性扩展。无理数的例子是数字 π 和 2 的平方根。
noun(MATHEMATICS): an irrational number. （数学）一个无理数。
isotope
noun(CHEMISTRY): each of two or more forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei, and hence differ in relative atomic mass but not in chemical properties; in particular, a radioactive form of an element. 同位素。
"some elements have only one stable isotope"
issue
noun: an important topic or problem for debate or discussion. 辩论或讨论的重要话题或问题。
noun: the action of supplying or distributing an item for use, sale, or official purposes. 为使用，销售，或官方目的而提供或分发物品的行为。
noun: a result or outcome of something. 某事的结果。
noun: the action of flowing or coming out. 流出或流出的动作。
noun(FORMAL·LAW): children of one's own. 某人自己的孩子。
verb: supply or distribute (something). 提供或分发（某物）。
verb: come, go, or flow out from. 来，去，或流出。
phrase: at issue - under discussion; in dispute. 在讨论中；在争论中。
phrase: make an issue of - treat too seriously or as a problem. 对待太认真或当作一个问题。
phrase: take issue with - disagree with; challenge. 不同意；挑战。
iterate
verb: perform or utter repeatedly. 反复执行或说
verb: make repeated use of a mathematical or computational procedure, applying it each time to the result of the previous application; perform iteration. 执行重复的数学或计算机程序，每次都应用上一次的执行结果；即执行迭代。
noun(MATHEMATICS): a quantity arrived at by iteration. 数学名词：通过迭代得出的量。
J
jaw
noun: each of the upper and lower bony structures in vertebrates forming the framework of the mouth and containing the teeth.
verb(INFORMAL): talk at length; chatter.
"he could still hear men jawing away about the vacuum cleaners"
juggle
- verb: continuously toss into the air and catch (a number of objects) so as to keep at least one in the air while handling the others, typically for the entertainment of others. 不断地抛向空中并抓住（一些）物体，以便处理其他物体时至少有一个保持在空中，通常是为了取悦他人。
justified
adjective: having, done for, or marked by a good or legitimate reason.
"the doctors were justified in treating her"
adjective(THEOLOGY): declared or made righteous in the sight of God.
adjective(PRINTING): having been adjusted so that the print fills a space evenly or forms a straight line at one or both margins.
"the text is left-justified"
justify
verb: show or prove to be right or reasonable. 显示或证明是正确或合理的。
verb(THEOLOGY): declare or make righteous in the sight of God. （神学）在神面前宣告或称义。
verb(PRINTING): adjust (a line of type or piece of text) so that the print fills a space evenly or forms a straight edge at the margin. 调整（一行文字或一段文字）使印刷均匀填充空格或在边缘形成直角边，即两端对齐。
K
keep
verb: have or retain possession of. 拥有或保留所有权。
verb: cause to continue in a specified condition, position, course, etc. 导致在特定的条件，位置，路线等中继续。
verb: provide for the sustenance of (someone). 为（某人）提供食物。
verb: honor or fulfill (a commitment or undertaking).兑现或履行（承诺或保证）。
verb: make written entries in (a diary) on a regular basis. 定期在（日记）中进行书面记录。
noun: food, clothes, and other essentials for living; the cost of basic living essentials. 食物，衣服，和其他生活必需品；生活必需品的基本花销。
phrase: you can't keep a good man down - a competent person will always recover well from setbacks or problems. 有能力的人总是会从挫折或问题中恢复得很好。
phrase: for keeps - permanently; indefinitely. 永久地；无限期地。
ketchup
- noun: a smooth sauce made chiefly from tomatoes and vinegar, used as a condiment. 一种丝滑的酱汁，主要由西红柿和醋制成，用作调味品。
kick
verb: strike or propel forcibly with the foot.
"I kicked the ball up into the air"
verb(INFORMAL): succeed in giving up (a habit or addiction).
"smokers may soon have new help to kick the habit"
verb: (of a gun) recoil when fired.
"their guns kick so hard that they have developed a bad case of flinching"
noun: a blow or forceful thrust with the foot.
"a kick in the head"
noun: a sudden forceful jolt.
"the shuttle accelerated with a kick"
noun(INFORMAL): the sharp stimulant effect of something, especially alcohol.
"strong stuff, this brew: he felt the kick"
noun(INFORMAL·US): soft sports shoes; sneakers.
"when your energy or motivation dips, a new pair of kicks can get you moving again"
phrase: kick ass - act in a forceful or aggressive manner.
phrase: kick someone's ass - beat, dominate, or defeat someone.
phrase: kick the bucket - die.
"when the old girl finally kicked the bucket there was no mention of yours truly in the will"
phrase: kick the can down the road - put off confronting a difficult issue or making an important decision, typically on a continuing basis.
"I appreciate that he doesn't want to raise taxes, but sooner or later you have to stop kicking the can down the road"
phrase: a kick in the pants - an unwelcome surprise that prompts or forces fresh effort.
"the competition will be healthy, but we needed a kick in the pants"
phrase: a kick in the teeth - a grave setback or disappointment.
"this broken promise is a kick in the teeth for football"
phrase: kick someone in the teeth - cause someone a grave setback or disappointment.
"there are times when life kicks you in the teeth"
phrase: kick oneself - be annoyed with oneself for doing something foolish or missing an opportunity.
"he was kicking himself for not biding his time"
phrase: kick someone or something to the curb - reject someone or something.
"things get complicated for Alfie when he's kicked to the curb by his girlfriend"
phrase: kick up a fuss - object loudly or publicly to something.
"local people are kicking up a fuss about the noise and smells from the farm"
phrase: kick someone upstairs - remove someone from an influential position in a business by giving them an ostensible promotion.
"he'll be kicked upstairs for a year or so before taking early retirement"
phrase: kick someone when they are down - cause further misfortune to someone who is already in a difficult situation.
"he did not believe in the doctrine that you did not kick a man when he was down"
phrase: kick the tires - inform oneself about the quality of a product, service, etc. before buying.
"borrowers should be sure to kick the tires on that offer before signing up"
phrase: kick against - protest against or resist something.
"young people are supposed to kick against the establishment"
phrase: kick around - (of a thing) lie unwanted or unexploited.
"the idea has been kicking around for more than a year now"
phrase: kick back - relax or enjoy oneself.
"he has not been able to kick back and enjoy his success"
phrase: kick in - come into effect or operation.
"the hospital's emergency generators kicked in"
phrase: kick off - (of a football game, soccer game, etc.) be started or resumed after a score by a player kicking the ball from a designated spot.
"there are five games kicking off at 3pm on Saturday afternoon"
phrase: kick on - continue to play or perform well.
"maybe she'll kick on in the sport"
phrase: kick out - expel or dismiss someone.
"my parents kicked me out when I was 18"
phrase: kick up - (of the wind) become stronger.
"we were warned that the winds might kick up by mid-morning"
kinship
- noun: blood relationship.
kitten
noun: a young cat.
- the young of several other animals, such as the rabbit and beaver.
noun: a stout furry gray and white moth, the caterpillar of which resembles that of the puss moth.
verb: (of a cat or certain other animals) give birth.
phrase: have kittens — be extremely nervous or upset.
kneel (past tense/past participle: knelt/kneeled)
verb: be in or assume a position in which the body is supported by a knee or the knees, as when praying or showing submission.
"they knelt down and prayed"
knight
noun: (in the Middle Ages) a man who served his sovereign or lord as a mounted soldier in armor.
noun: (in the UK) a man awarded a nonhereditary title by the sovereign in recognition of merit or service and entitled to use the honorific “Sir” in front of his name.
noun: a chess piece, typically with its top shaped like a horse's head, that moves by jumping to the opposite corner of a rectangle two squares by three.
verb: invest (someone) with the title of knight.
"he was knighted for his services to industry"
phrase: knight in shining armor - an idealized or chivalrous man who comes to the rescue of a woman in a difficult situation.
phrase: knight of the road - a man who frequents the roads, for example, a traveling salesman, a vagrant, or (formerly) a highwayman.
L
ladder
noun: a piece of equipment consisting of a series of bars or steps between two upright lengths of wood, metal, or rope, used for climbing up or down something. 一种设备，由一系列的在两个直立的木头，金属，或绳索间的杆或台阶组成，用于向上或向下攀爬。
noun(BRITISH): a vertical strip of unravelled fabric in tights or stockings. （英国）由紧身衣或长袜中解开的织物做成的竖直的带子。
verb(BRITISH): (with reference to tights or stockings) develop or cause to develop a ladder. （英国）（使用紧身衣或长袜）制造梯子。
lag
verb: fall behind in movement, progress, or development; not keep pace with another or others. 在运动，进度，或发展上落后；没有跟上其他人的步伐。
verb(NORTH AMERICAN·BILLIARDS): determine the order of play by striking the cue ball from balk to rebound off the top cushion, first stroke going to the player whose ball comes to rest nearer the bottom cushion. （北美·台球）决定比赛顺序，通过在限制区击打母球到顶库并反弹，停球距离底库越近的球员获得第一次击打。
noun: a period of time between one event or phenomenon and another. 一个事件或现象与另一个事件或现象之间的一段时间。
noun(PHYSICS): a retardation in an electric current or movement. （物理学）电流或运动的延迟。
verb: enclose or cover (a boiler, pipes, etc.) with material that provides heat isulation. 使用隔热材料封闭或覆盖（锅炉，管道等等）。
noun: the non-heat-conducting cover of a boiler, pippes, etc.; lagging. 锅炉，管道等的非导热盖；隔热。
noun(INFORMAL·BRITISH): a person who has been frequently convicted and sent to prison. （非正式·英国）经常被定罪并送进监狱的人。
verb(ARCHAIC): arrest or send to prison. （古老）逮捕或送进监狱。
lame
adjective: (especially of an animal) unable to walk without difficulty as the result of an injury or illness affecting the leg or foot.
"his horse went lame"
adjective: (of something intended to be entertaining) uninspiring and dull. (cool 的反义词)
"I found the program pretty lame and not very informative"
(of an explanation or excuse) unconvincingly feeble.
"it was a lame statement and there was no excusing his behavior"
(INFORMAL·NORTH AMERICAN) (of a person) naive or socially inept.
"anyone who doesn't know that is obviously lame"
adjective: (of verse or metrical feet) halting; metrically defective.
verb: make (a person or animal) lame.
"somebody lamed him with a stone"
lamppost
- noun: a tall pole with a light at the top; a street light. 一个高杆，顶部带有灯光；路灯。
lateral
adjective: of, at, toward, or from the side or sides. 的侧边，在侧边，朝向侧边，或从侧边。
noun: a side part of something, especially a shoot or branch growing out from the side of a stem. 某物侧边的部分，尤其是从茎的侧面长出的枝芽或枝条。
noun(PHONETICS): a lateral consonant. （语音学）舌侧边发出的辅音。
noun(AMERICAN FOOTBALL): a pass thrown either sideways or backward from the position of the passer. （美式足球）传球者从侧边或后方的传球。
verb(US): throw (a football) in a sideways or backward direction. （美国）从侧边或后方传（球）。
launch
verb: set (a boat) in motion by pushing it or allowing it to roll into the water. 使（船）动起来，通过推或使其滚入水中。
set (a newly built ship or boat) afloat for the first time, typically as part of an official ceremony. （新建的船或小舟）首次入水，通常作为正式仪式的一部分。
send (a missile, satellite, spacecraft) on its course or into orbit. 将（导弹，卫星，航天器）送入轨道。
hurl (something) forcefully. 用力投掷（某物）。
(of a person) make a sudden energetic movement. （人）突然做出有力的动作。
utter (criticism or a threat) vehemently. 激烈地说出（批评或威胁）。
verb: start or set in motion (an activity or enterprise). 开始或启动（一项活动或企业）。
- introduce (a new product or publication) to the public for the first time. 第一次向公众介绍（新产品或出版物）。
noun: an act or instance of launching something. 发射某物的行为或实例。
- an occasion at which a new product or publication is introduced to the public. 向公众介绍新产品或出版物的场合。
phrase: launch into - begin something energetically and enthusiastically. 充满活力和热情地开始某事。
phrase: launch out - make a start on a new and challenging enterprise. 开创一个新的，具有挑战性的事业。
noun: a large motorboat, used especially for short trips. 大型摩托艇，尤其用于短途旅行。
laureate
noun: a person who is honored with an award for outstanding creative or intellectual achievement.
"a Nobel laureate"
adjective(LITERARY): wreathed with laurel as a mark of honor.
lean
verb: be in or move into a sloping position. 处于或移动到倾斜的位置。
noun: a deviation from the perpendicular; an inclination. 偏离垂线；一种倾向。
phrase: lean on - rely on or drive support from someone or something. 依赖或得到某人或某物的支持。
phrase: lean toward - incline or be partial to a view or position. 倾斜或偏向一个观点或位置。
adjective: (of a person or animal) thin, especially healthily so; having no superfluous fat. （人或动物）瘦的，尤其是健康的；没有多余脂肪的。
adjective: (of an activity or a period of time) offering little reward, substance, or nourishment; meager. （某项活动或一段时间）提供很少的奖赏，物质，或营养；微薄。
adjective: (of a vaporized fuel mixture) having a high proportion of air. （汽化的燃料混合物）具有高比例的空气。
noun: the lean part of meat. 肉的瘦肉部分。
leap
verb: jump or spring a long way, to a great height, or with great force.
"I leaped across the threshold"
noun: a forceful jump or quick movement.
"she came downstairs in a series of flying leaps"
phrase: a leap in the dark - a daring step or enterprise whose consequences are unpredictable.
"I had taken quite a step—a leap in the dark, in fact"
phrase: in leaps and bounds - with startlingly rapid progress.
"productivity improved in leaps and bounds"
phrase: leap to one's mind - be immediately apparent.
"one dire question leaped to our minds"
legitimate
adjective: conforming to the law or to rules. 符合法律或规则的。
verb: make legitimate; justify or make lawful. 使合法；正名或使合法。
lesser
adjective: not so great or important as the other or the rest. 没有其他或剩下的那么好或重要。
phrase: the lesser evil - the less harmful or unpleasant of two bad choices or possibilities. 较少的危害或不愉快在两个糟糕的选择或可能中。
lest
- conjunction(FORMAL): with the intention of preventing (something undesirable); to avoid the risk of. 带有防止（不被期望的事情）的目的；来规避风险，即以防、以免。
let alone
phrase: used to indicate that something is far less likely or suitable than something else already mentioned.
"he was incapable of leading a bowling team, let alone a country"
leverage
noun: the exertion of force by means of a lever or an object used in the manner of a lever.
"my spade hit something solid that wouldn't respond to leverage"
noun(FINANCE): the ratio of a company's loan capital (debt) to the value of its common stock (equity).
verb: use borrowed capital for (an investment), expecting the profits made to be greater than the interest payable.
"without clear legal title to their assets, they own property that cannot be leveraged as collateral for loans"
verb: use (something) to maximum advantage.
"the organization needs to leverage its key resources"
light-hearted
adjective: amusing and entertaining. 好玩和有趣的。
adjective: (of a person or their behavior) cheerful and carefree. （人或他们的行为）愉快并轻快的。
likewise
adverb: in the same way; also. 以同样的方式；还。
adverb: in a like manner; similarly. 以类似的方式；相似地。
limb
noun: an arm or leg of a person or four-legged animal, or a bird's wing.
noun(ASTRONOMY): the edge of the disk of a celestial object, especially the sun or moon.
"the eastern limb of the moon"
noun(BOTANY): the blade or broad part of a leaf or petal.
noun: the graduated arc of a quadrant or other scientific instrument, used for measuring angles.
lineage
noun: direct descent from an ancestor; ancestry or pedigree.
"a Dutch nobleman of ancient lineage"
noun: a sequence of species each of which is considered to have evolved from its predecessor.
"the chimpanzee and gorilla lineages"
linen
noun: cloth woven from flax.
"a linen suit"
noun: garments or other household articles such as sheets made, or originally made, of linen.
"the linen cupboard"
literacy
- noun: the ability to read and write. 读写的能力。
literally
adverb: in a literal manner or sense; exactly. 在字面意思上；准确地。
adverb(INFORMAL): used for emphasis or to express strong feeling while not being literally true. 用于强调或表达强烈的感觉，而不是字面上那样，可译为确实地。
liveliness
noun: the quality of being outgoing, energetic, and enthusiastic. 外向，精力充沛，和热情的品质，即活力。
- an atmosphere of excitement and activity. 兴奋和活跃的气氛。
lobby
noun: a room providing a space out of which one or more other rooms or corridors lead, typically one near the entrance of a public building. 提供空间的房间，在这个空间之外有一个或多个房间或通向走廊，通常是一个靠近公共建筑的入口。
"they went into the hotel lobby"
noun: (in the UK) any of several large halls in the Houses of Parliament in which MPs may meet members of the public.
noun: a group of people seeking to influence politicians or public officials on a particular issue. 一群人，试图在特定事件上影响政客或公职人员。
"contact an anti-traffic lobby for advice and information"
an organized attempt by members of the public to influence legislators.
"a recent lobby of Parliament by pensioners"
verb: seek to influence (a politician or public official) on an issue. 试图在某个问题上影响（政客或公职人员），可译为游说。
"they insist on their right to lobby Congress"
longline
noun: a deep-sea fishing line from which are suspended many short lines with baited hooks.
"a longline fishing boat"
loom
noun: an apparatus for making fabric by weaving yarn or thred. 一种通过编织纱线或线来制造织物的设备，即织布机。
"tweed was traditionally hand-woven on a loom"
verb: appear as a vague form, especially one that is large or threatening. 以一种模糊的形式出现，尤其是一种巨大的或具有威胁性的形式。
"vehicles loomed out of the darkness"
(of an event regarded as ominous or threatening) seem about to happen.
"there is a crisis looming"
noun: a vage and often exaggerated first appearance of an object seen in darkness or fog, especially at sea. 在黑暗或雾中，尤其是在海上，物体模糊且常常被夸大的第一次出现。
"the loom of the land"
lope
verb: run or move with a long bounding stride.
"the dog was loping along by his side"
noun: a long bounding stride.
"they set off at a fast lope"
lot
pronoun: a large number or amount; a great deal.
"there are a lot of actors in the cast"
(INFORMAL) the whole number or quantity that is involved or implied.
"you might as well take the whole lot"
adverb: a great deal; much.
"he played tennis a lot last year"
noun(INFORMAL): a particular group, collection, or set of people or things.
"it's just one lot of rich people stealing from another"
(BRITISH) a group or a person of a particular kind (generally used in a derogatory or dismissive way).
"an inefficient lot, our town council"
noun: an article or set of articles for sale at an auction.
"nineteen lots failed to sell"
noun: the making of a decision by random selection, especially by a method involving the choice of one from a number of pieces of folded paper, one of which has a concealed mark.
"officers were elected rather than selected by lot"
noun: a person's luck or condition in life, particularly as determined by fate or destiny.
"plans to improve the lot of the disadvantaged"
noun(NORTH AMERICAN): a plot of land assigned for sale or for a particular use.
"a vacant lot"
a parking lot.
an area of land near a television or movie studio where outside filming may be done.
the area at a car dealership where cars for sale are kept.
verb: divide (items) into lots for sale at an auction.
"the contents have already been lotted up, and the auction takes place on Monday"
phrase: all over the lot - in a state of confusion or disorganization.
"the president has been all over the lot on this issue lately"
phrase: draw lots - decide by lot.
"we drew lots to decide the order"
phrase: fall to someone's lot - become someone's task or responsibility.
"they accepted the burden of domestic responsibilities that fell to their lot"
phrase: throw in one's lot with - decide to ally oneself closely with and share the fate of (a person or group).
"the bourgeoisie had thrown in its lot with the monarchy"
lottery
- noun: a means of raising money by selling numbered tickets and giving prizes to the holders of numbers drawn at random. 一种通过售卖编号票据并随机抽取编号持有者给予奖励的筹集资金的手段，即彩票。
lounge
verb: lie, sit, or stand in a relaxed or lazy way. 以放松或慵懒的方式躺着，坐着，或站着。
noun: a public room, as in a hotel, theater, or club, in which to sit and relax. 一个公共的房间，例如在宾馆，剧院，或俱乐部，供人坐下来放松的地方。
lump
noun: a compact mass of a substance, especially one without a definite or regular shape. "there was a lump of ice floating in the milk"
a swelling under the skin, especially one caused by injury or disease. "he was unhurt apart from a huge lump on his head"
a small cube of sugar.
(DEROGATORY·INFORMAL) a heavy, ungainly, or slow-witted person. "I won't stand a chance against a big lump like you"
noun(INFORMAL·BRITISH): the state of being self-employed and paid without deduction of tax, especially in the building industry.
"‘Working?’ ‘Only on the lump, here and there’"
verb: put in an indiscriminate mass or group; treat as alike without regard for particulars.
"Hong Kong and Bangkok tend to be lumped together in holiday brochures"
verb(BRITISH): carry (a heavy load) somewhere with difficulty.
"the coalman had to lump one-hundredweight sacks right through the house"
phrase: a lump in the throat - a feeling of tightness or dryness in the throat caused by strong emotion, especially sadness.
"there was a lump in her throat as she gazed down at her uncle's gaunt features"
phrase: take ones lumps - suffer punishment; be attacked or defeated.
"Jason decided to lie doggo and let Faraday take his lumps"
verb(INFORMAL): accept or tolerate a disagreeable situation whether one likes it or not.
"you can like it or lump it but I've got to work"
lunatic
noun: a mentally ill person (not in technical use). 精神病患者（不用于技术上）。
- an extremely foolish or eccentric person. 极度愚蠢或古怪的人。
adjective: mentally ill (not in technical use). 精神病的（不用于技术上）。
- extremely foolish, eccentric, or absurd. 极其愚蠢，古怪，或荒谬的。
lure
verb: tempt (a person or animal) to do something or to go somewhere, especially by offering some form of reward. 诱惑（人或动物）做某事或去某处，尤指通过提供某种形式的奖励。
noun: something that tempts or is used to tempt a person or animal to do something. 引诱或被用来引诱人或动物做某事的东西。
M
magnolia
- noun: a tree or shrub with large, typically creamy-pink, waxy flowers. Magnolias are widely grown as ornamental trees.
maid
noun: a female domestic servant. 女佣。
noun(ARCHAIC): an unmarried girl or young woman. （古老）未婚少女或年轻女子。
mania
noun: mental illness marked by periods of great excitement or euphoria, delusions, and overactivity. 以周期性的极度兴奋或欣快，妄想，和过度活跃为特征的精神疾病。
- an excessive enthusiasm or desire; an obsession. 一种过度的热情或渴望；一种痴迷。
suffix: denoting a specified type of mental abnormality or obsession or extreme enthusiasm or admiration. （后缀）表示一种特定的精神异常或痴迷或极度的热情或敬仰。
manicure
noun: a cosmetic treatment of the hands involving shaping and often painting of the nails, removal of the cuticles, and softening of the skin. 一种手部美容治疗，包括修整和经常涂指甲，去除角质层和软化皮肤，即美甲。
verb: give a manicure to. 给...做美甲。
manner
noun: a way in which a thing is done or happens. 事情完成或发生的方式。
noun: a person's outward bearing or way of behaving toward others. 一个人对他人的外在态度或行为方式。
noun: polite or well-bred social behavior. 礼貌或有教养的社交行为。
phrase: all manner of - many different kinds of. 许多不同种类。
phrase: in a manner of speaking - in some sense; so to speak. 在某种意义上；可以说。
phrase: to the manner born - naturally at ease in a specified job or situation. 在特定工作或情况下自然轻松。
phrase: in the manner of - in the style of. 以某种方式。
margin
noun: the edge or border of something. 某物的边缘或边界。
noun: an amount by which a thing is won or falls shorts. 赢利或亏空的金额。
verb: provide with an edge or border. 提供边缘或边界。
verb: deposit an amount of money with a broker as security for (an account or transaction). 向经纪人存入一定数额的资金作为（账户或交易）的担保。
marvel
verb: be filled with wonder or astonishment.
"she marveled at Jeffrey's composure"
noun: a wonderful or astonishing person or thing.
"the marvels of technology"
massacre
noun: an indiscriminate and brutal slaughter of people. 对人不加辨别并残忍地屠杀。
- (INFORMAL) a heavy defeat of a sports team or contestant. （非正式）体育队或参赛者的惨败。
verb: deliberately and violently kill (a large number of people). 蓄意和暴力地杀害（大量的人）。
- (INFORMAL) inflict a heavy defeat on (a sports team or contestant). （非正式）造成（体育队或参赛者）遭受惨败。
materialism
noun: a tendency to consider material possessions and physical comfort as more important than spiritual values. 倾向于认为物质财富和身体舒适比精神价值更重要，即物质主义。
noun(PHILOSOPHY): the doctrine that nothing exists except matter and its movements and modifications. （哲学）除了物质运动和变化外，什么都不存在的学说，即唯物主义。
maturity
- noun: the state, fact, or period of being mature. 成熟的状态、事实或时期。
meanwhile
adverb: in the intervening period of time.
"Julie has meanwhile found herself another dancing partner"
medallion
- noun: a piece of jewelry in the shape of a medal, worn as a pendant.
mediocrity
- noun: the quality or state of being mediocre. 平庸的质量或状态。
membrane
noun: a thin sheet of tissue or layer of cells acting as a boundary, lining, or partition in an organism.
"the nucleus is a distinct region with a membrane around it"
meme
noun: an element of a culture or system of behavior that may be considered to be passed from one individual to another by nongenetic means, especially imitation. 一种关于行为的文化或系统的元素，被认为以非遗传方式从个人传播给其他个人，尤其是通过模仿。
- a humorous image, video, piece of text, etc., that is copied (often with slight variations) and spread rapidly by internet users. 幽默的图片，视频，一段文字等，被互联网用户复制（通常有细微的变化）并迅速传播。（如表情包，梗等）
mere
adjective: used to emphasize how small or insignificant someone or something is.
"questions that cannot be answered by mere mortals"
used to emphasize that the fact of something being present in a situation is enough to influence that situation.
"his stomach rebelled at the mere thought of food"
noun(LITERARY·BRITISH): a lake or pond.
"the stream widens into a mere where hundreds of geese gather"
noun: a Maori war club, especially one made of greenstone.
merely
adverb: just; only.
"Gary, a silent boy, merely nodded"
Merger and Acquisition (M&A)
- phrase: trasactions in which the ownership of companies or their operating units - including all associated assets and liablilities - is transferred to another entity. A merger is the consolidation of two entities into one, whereas an acquisition occurs when one company takes over ownership of another. 兼并收购，将公司或其经营单位的所有权（包括所有相关资产和负债）转让给另一实体的交易。兼并是将两个实体合并为一个，而收购发生在一家公司接管另一家公司的所有权时。
merit
noun: the quality of being particularly good or worthy, especially so as to deserve praise or reward. 特别好或值得的品质，尤其是关于值得称赞或奖励的。
"composers of outstanding merit"
a feature or fact that deserves praise or reward.
"the relative merits of both approaches have to be considered"
a pass grade in an examination denoting above-average performance.
"if you expect to pass, why not go for a merit or a distinction?"
(LAW) the intrinsic rights and wrongs of a case, outside of any other considerations.
"a plaintiff who has a good arguable case on the merits"
(THEOLOGY) good deeds regarded as entitling someone to a future reward from God.
verb: deserve or be owrthy of (reward, punishment, or attention). 值得（奖励，惩罚，或关注）。
"the results have been encouraging enough to merit further investigation"
phrase: judge something on its merits — assess something solely with regard to its intrinsic quality rather than other external factors.
"a proposal should be judged on its merits when it comes forward for approval"
phrase: merit pay (incentive pay) - the type of compensation a company uses to reward higher-performing employees with ongoing additional pay.
metaphor
noun: a figure of speech in which a word or phrase is applied to an object or action to which it is not literallly applicable. 一种修辞手法，词或词组被应用到一个对应或行为上，在字面上并不可用，即比喻。
- a thing regarded as representative or symbolic of something else, especially something abstract. 被视为某事物的代表或象征的东西，尤其是抽象事物。
meteorite
- noun: a meteor that survives its passage through the earth's atmosphere such that part of it strikes the ground. More than 90 percent of meteorites are of rock, while the remainder consist wholly or partly of iron and nickel.
meticulous
- adjective: showing great attention to detail; very careful and precise. 表现出对细节的高度关注；非常仔细和精确。
metropolitan
adjective: relating to or denoting a metropolis or large city. 关于或表示一个大都市。
adjective: relating to or denoting the parent state of a colony. 关于或表示殖民地的母国。
adjective(CHRISTIAN CHURCH): relating to or denoting a metropolitan or his see. （天主教会）关于或表示大主教或其所见的。
noun(CHRISTIAN CHURCH): a bishop having authority over the bishops of a province. in particular (in Orthodox Church) one ranking above archbishop and below patriarch. （天主教会）一位主教拥有超过省主教的权力，特别是在（东正教教会中）等级高于大主教，低于族长。
noun: an inhabitant of a metropolis or large city. 大都市或大城市的居民。
middlebrow
adjective(OFTEN DEROGATORY): demanding, involving, or having only a moderate degree of intellectual application.
"middlebrow fiction"
might
verb: past of may. may 的过去式。
verb: used tentatively to ask permission or to express a polite request. 用于试探性的请求许可或表示礼貌地请求。
verb: used to express possibility or make a suggestion. 用于表示可能性或提出建议。
noun: great and impressive power or strength, especially of a nation, large organization, or natrual force. 巨大且令人印象深刻的权力或力量，尤其是一个国家，大型组织，或自然力量。
phrase: might is right - those who are powerful can do what they wish unchallenged, even if their action is in fact unjustified. 有权势的人可以做他们不希望被挑战的事，即使他们的行为实际上是不合理的。
phrase: with all one's might - using all one's power or strength. 使出所有的力量。
phrase: with might and main - with all one's strength or power. 使出某人所有的力量。
militant
adjective: combative and aggressive in support of a political or social cause, and typically favoring extreme, violent, or confrontational methods. 好斗或气势汹汹的在支持政治或社会事业上，并通常倾向于极端，暴力或对抗的方式。
noun: a militant person. 一个激进的人。
mindset
- noun: the established set of attitudes held by someone. 某人持有的既定的一系列态度，即心态。
miniaturize
- verb: make on a smaller or miniature scale. 制作更小或微型的规模，即小型化。
minutely
- adverb: with great attention to detail; meticulously. 非常注重细节；精心地。
mire
noun: a stretch of swampy or boggy ground.
"acres of land had been reduced to a mire"
noun: a situation or state of difficulty, distress, or embarrassment from which it is hard to extricate oneself.
"he has been left to squirm in a mire of new allegations"
verb: cause to become stuck in mud.
"sometimes a heavy truck gets mired down"
cover or spatter with mud.
"the horse waded through the red mud that mired it to its hocks"
involve someone or something in (a difficult situation).
"the economy is mired in its longest recession since the war"
miserable
adjective: (of a person) wretchedly unhappy or uncomfortable.
"their happiness made Anne feel even more miserable"
adjective: pitiably small or inadequate.
"all they pay me is a miserable $10,000 a year"
misery
noun: a state or feeling of great distress or discomfort of mind or body. 身心极大的痛苦或不适的状态或感受。
"she went upstairs and cried in misery"
a cause or source of great distress or discomfort. 极大的痛苦或不适的原来或来源。
"the miseries of war"
phrase: make someone's life a misery - cause someone severe distress by continued unpleasantness or harassment. 通过持续的不愉快或骚扰给某人造成严重的痛苦。
"the blackmail that was making his father's life a misery"
phrase: put someone or something out of their misery - end the suffering of a person or animal in pain by killing them. 通过杀死他们来结束人或动物遭受的痛苦。
"I'll send him to our “hospice” tent and then I'll put him out of his misery"
mitochondrion
- noun: an organelle found in large numbers in most cells, in which the biochemical processes of respiration and energy production occur. It has a double membrane, the inner part being folded inwards to form layers (cristae).
mobilize
verb: (of a country or its government) prepare and organize (troops) for active service. 动员
"Russia is in no position to mobilize any time soon"
organize and encourage (people) to act in a concerted way in order to bring about a particular political objective.
"he used the press to mobilize support for his party"
bring (resources) into use in order to achieve a particular goal.
"at sea we will mobilize any amount of resources to undertake a rescue"
verb: make (something) movable or capable of movement.
"doing yoga stretches to mobilize compacted joints"
make (a substance) able to be transported by or as a liquid.
"acid rain mobilizes the aluminum in forest soils"
mock
verb: tease or laugh at in a scornful or contemptuous manner. 以轻蔑或侮辱的方式挑逗或嘲笑。
adjective: not authentic or real, but without the intention to deceive. 不是确切或真实的，但没有欺骗的意图。
noun(DATED): an object of derision. （过时的）嘲笑的对象。
modest
adjective: unassuming or moderate in the estimation of one's abilities or a chievements. 谦逊或适度地评估一个人的能力或成就。
adjective: (of an amount, rate, or level) relatively moderate, limited, or small. （数量，比率，或水平）相对适中，有限，或小。
adjective: dressing or behaving so as to avoid impropriety or indecency, especially to avoid attracting sexual attention (typically used of a woman). 着装或行为避免不当或不雅，尤其是避免引起性注意（通常用于女性）。
moisture
- noun: water or other liquid diffused in a small quantity as vapour, within a solid, or condensed on a surface. 水或其他液体以气体的形式少量扩散，在固体中或凝结在表面上。
mold(mould)
noun: a hollow container used to give shape to molten or hot liquid material when it cools and hardens. 一种中空容器，用于给已烧熔或热的液体冷却和硬化时定形。
noun: a distinctive and typical style, form, or character. 独特而典型的风格、形式或特征。
noun: a frame or template for producing mouldings. 用于生产模具的框架或模板。
verb: form (an object) out of malleable material. 用可延展材料形成（物体）。
verb: influence the formation or development of. 影响某事物的形成或发展。
noun: a furry growth of minute fungi occurring typically in moist warm conditions, especially on food or other organic matter. 微小细菌的毛茸茸的生长，通常发生在潮湿温暖的环境下，尤其是在食物或其他有机物上。
noun(BRITISH): soft loose earth. （英国）松软的土地。
molecular
- adjective: relating to or consisting of molecules. 与分子有关的或由分子组成。
momentarily
adverb: for a very short time. 很短的时间。
adverb(NORTH AMERICAN): at any moment; very soon. （北美）任何时候；很快。
monopoly
noun: the exclusive possession or control of the supply of or trade in a commodity or service. 独家占有或控制商品或服务的供应或交易。
noun(TRADEMARK): a board game in which players engage in simulated property and financial dealings using imitation money. It was invented in the US and the name was coined by Charles Darrow c. 1935. （商标）一种棋盘游戏，玩家在其中使用模拟货币进行模拟财产和金融交易。它是在美国发明的，这个游戏发明于美国，并且名字是由 Charles Darrow c 在 1935 年创造的。
montor
noun: an experienced and trusted adviser. 经验丰富且值得依赖的指导者。
verb: advise or train(someone, especially a younger colleague). 建议或培训某人，尤其是年轻的同事。
monotonous
- adjective: dull, tedious, and repetitious, lacking in variety and interest. 枯燥、乏味、重复，缺乏多样性和兴趣; （of a sound or utterance) lacking in variation in tone or pitch. （声音或语言）缺乏语音语调变化。
moral
adjective: concerned with the principles of right and wrong behaviour. 关注正确或错误行为的原则。
adjective: holding or manifesting high principles for proper conduct. 拥有或表现出正确品行的崇高原则。
noun: a lesson that can be derived from a story or experience. 从故事或经历中得出的教训。
noun: standards of behaviour; principles of right and wrong. 行为标准；对与错的原则。
moreover
adverb: as a further matter; besides.
"moreover, glass is electrically insulating"
morphine
- noun: an analgesic and narcotic drug obtained from opium and used medicinally to relieve pain. 一种镇痛和麻醉药物，提取于鸦片并药用于缓解疼痛，即吗啡。
mortality
noun: the state of being subject to death. 经历死亡的状态。
noun: death, especially on a large scale. 死亡，尤其是指大规模死亡。
mournful
adjective: feeling, expressing, or inducing sadness, regret, or grief.
"the third boy stared fixedly at me with mournful, basset-hound eyes"
multinational
adjective: including or involving several countries or individuals of several nationalities. 包括或涉及多个国家或有多个国籍的个人，即跨国的。
noun: a company operating in several countries. 在多个国家经营的公司，即跨国公司。
mutant
adjective: resulting from or showing the effect of mutation.
"a mutant gene"
noun: a mutant form.
"frequently only a small percentage of the offspring of mutants resemble their parents"
mutter
verb: say something in a low or barely audible voice, especially in dissatisfaction or irritation.
"he muttered something under his breath"
noun: a barely audible utterance, especially one expressing dissatisfaction or irritation.
"a little mutter of disgust"
mutual fund
- noun: an investment programme funded by shareholders that trades in diversified holdings and is professionally managed. (共同基金)
mythical
- adjective: occurring in or characteristic of myths or folk tales. 发生在神话或民间故事中或具有它们的特点。
N
namely
adverb: that is to say; to be specific (used to introduce detailed information or a specific example).
"to me there is only one kind of rock, namely, loud rock"
nasty
adjective: highly unpleasant, especially to the senses; physically nauseating. 非常不愉快，尤其是感官上的；生理上令人作呕的。
"plastic bags burn with a nasty, acrid smell"
adjective: (of a person or animal) behaving in an unpleasant or spiteful way. （人或动物）以不愉快或恶意的方式行事。
"Harry was a nasty, foul-mouthed old devil"
adjective: physically or mentally damaging or harmful. 身体或精神上的伤害的。
"a nasty, vicious-looking hatchet"
noun(INFORMAL): an unpleasant or harmful person or thing. （非正式）不愉快或有害的人或事物。
"bacteria and other nasties"
phrase: nasty up - make something dirty or unpleasant.
"the dust nastied up people's cars and even shoes just to get from the parking lot"
negligence
- noun: failure to take proper care in doing something. 做某事时没有采取适当的谨慎。
nervertheless
- adverb: in spite of that; notwithstanding; all the same. 虽然；尽管；无论如何。
neuro-
- prefix: relating to nerves or the nervous system. 前缀词：与神经或神经系统有关。
newsletter
- noun: a bulletin issued periodically to the members of a society, business, or organization. 定期向社会，企业，或组织的成员发布的公告。
newsprint
- noun: cheap, low-quality absorbent printing paper made from coarse wood pulp and used chiefly for newspapers.
newsstand
- noun: a stand or stall for the sale of newspapers.
noble
adjective: belonging to a hereditary class with high social or political status; aristoratic. 属于较高社会或政治地位地位的世袭阶层；贵族的。
adjective: having or showing fine personal qualities or high moral principles and ideals. 具有或表现出良好的个人品质或崇高的道德原则和理想。
noun: (especially in former times) a person of noble rank or birth. （尤其是过去）具有贵族地位或出身的人。
noun(HISTORICAL): a former English gold coin. （历史）以前英国的金币。
nod
verb: lower and raise one's head slightly and briefly, especially in greeting, assent, or understanding, or to give someone a signal.
"she nodded her head in agreement"
verb: have one's head fall forward when drowsy or asleep.
"Anna nodded over her book"
noun: an act of nodding the head.
"at a nod from his father he left the room"
a gesture of acknowledgment or concession to.
"a feel-good musical with a nod to pantomime"
phrase: get the nod - be selected or approved.
"I think Hooper will get the nod as he's been playing really well recently"
phrase: give someone or something the nod - select or approve someone or something.
"they banned one book but gave the other the nod"
phrase: on the nod - by general agreement and without discussion.
"parliamentary approval of the treaty went through on the nod"
phrase: a nodding acquaintance - a slight acquaintance with a person or cursory knowledge of a subject.
"students will need a nodding acquaintance with three other languages"
phrase: even Homer nods - even the best person sometimes makes a mistake due to a momentary lack of alertness or attention.
phrase: nod off - fall asleep, especially briefly or unintentionally.
"some of the congregation nodded off during the sermon"
phrase: nod through - approve something by general agreement, without discussion.
"the notion of nodding through this item without discussion is very unusual"
nonconformist
noun: a person whose behavior or views do not conform to prevailing ideas or practices. 行为或观点不符合流行思想或做法的人。
noun: a member of a Protestant church in England that dissents from the established anglican Church. 英国新教教会的成员，反对已建立的国教教会，即异教徒。
adjective: of or characterized by behavior or views that do not conform to prevailing ideas or practices. 在行为和观点上表现得特别，行为和观点是不符合流行思想和做法的。
adjective: relating to Nonconformists or their principles and practices. 关于非国教徒或其原则和做法，即异教徒的。
norm (normal 的名词)
noun: something that is usual, typical, or standard.
"this system has been the norm in Germany for decades"
a standard or pattern, especially of social behavior, that is typical or expected of a group.
"the norms of good behavior in the Civil Service"
a required standard; a level to be complied with or reached.
"the 7% pay norm had been breached again"
noun(MATHEMATICS): the product of a complex number and its conjugate, equal to the sum of the squares of its real and imaginary components, or the positive square root of this sum.
abbreviation: norm. = normal
nostalgia
- noun: a sentimental longing or wistful affection for the past, typically for a period or place with happy personal associations. 对过去的一种感伤的渴望之情，通常是有快乐的个人联想的时期或地方，即怀旧。
note
noun: a brief record of facts, topics, or thoughts, written down as an aid to memory. 对事实，主题，或想法的简要记录，写下来以便辅助记忆，即笔记。
noun: a short informal letter or written message. 一封短的非正式的信或书面信息。
noun(BRITISH): a banknote. （英国）一张钞票。
noun: a single tone of definite pitch made by a musical instrument or the human voice. 由乐器或人声发出的确定音高的单一单调。
noun: a particular quality or tone that reflects or expresses a mood or attitude. 反映或表达情绪或态度的特定品质或语气。
verb: notice or pay particular attention to (something). 注意或特别留意（某事）。
verb: record (something) in writing. 通过写的方式记录（某事）。
phrase: of note - worth paying attention to. 值得关注。
phrase: hit a false note - appear insincere or inappropriate. 表现得不真诚或不合适。
phrase: hit the right note - say or do something in a way that that is very suitable for a particular audience or occasion. 以对特定听众或场合很合适的方式说或做某事。
phrase: hit the wrong note - say or do something in a way that that is very unsuitable for a particular audience or occasion. 以对特定听众或场合极不合适的方式说或做某事。
phrase: sound a note of - express (a particular feeling or view) about something. 表达（特定的感受或观点）关于某事。
phrase: take note - pay attention. 注意。
noteworthy
- adjective: interesting, significant, or unusual. 有趣的，重要的，或不同寻常的，即值得注意的。
notion
noun: a conception of or belief about something. 对某事的概念或信念。对某事的概念或信念。
noun: an impulse or desire, especially one of a whimsical kind. 一种冲动或欲望，尤其是异想天开的那种。
noun(NORTH AMERICAN): items used in sewing, such as buttons, pins, and hooks. （北美）用于缝纫的物品，例如纽扣，别针，和钩子。
not least
- phrase: in particular; notably. 特别；尤其。
notorious
adjective: famous or well known, typically for some bad quality or deed. 著名或众所周知的，通常是因为一些不好的品质或契约行为。
"Los Angeles is notorious for its smog"
novel
noun: a fictitious prose narrative of book length, typically representing character and action with some degree of realism. 一本书那么长的虚构散文叙述，通常以某种程度的现实主义表现人物和行为。
adjective: interestingly new or unusual. 有趣的新的或不寻常的。
nudge
verb: prod (someone) gently with one's elbow in order to attract attention.
"people were nudging each other and pointing at me"
touch or push (something) gently or gradually.
"the canoe nudged a bank of reeds"
coax or gently encourage (someone) to do something.
"we have to nudge the politicians in the right direction"
approach (an age, figure, or level) very closely.
"both men were nudging fifty"
noun: a light touch or push.
"he gave her shoulder a nudge"
nurture
verb: care for and encourage the growth or development of. 关心和鼓励成长或发展，即培育。
noun: the process of caring for and encouraging the growth or development of someone or something. 关心和鼓励某人或某事的成长或发展的过程。
nut
noun: a fruit consisting of a hard or tough shell around an edible kernel.
"he was cracking nuts with his teeth"
noun: a small flat piece of metal or other material, typically square or hexagonal, with a threaded hole through it for screwing on to a bolt as a fastener.
"fix the new pipe and tighten the nuts"
noun(INFORMAL): a crazy or eccentric person.
"she would have written me off as a time-wasting nut"
noun(INFORMAL): a person's head.
"he's aiming to break a record by balancing a car on his nut"
noun(VULGAR SLANG): a man's testicles.
noun: the fixed ridge on the neck of a stringed instrument over which the strings pass.
"the positioning allows the strings a straight path over the nut"
verb(ARCHAIC): gather nuts.
"in autumn children would go nutting"
verb(INFORMAL·BRITISH): butt (someone) with one's head.
"I thought he was going to nut me in the face"
phrase: do one's nut - become extremely angry or agitated.
phrase: nuts and bolts - the basic practical details.
the basic practical details. "the nuts and bolts of public policy"
phrase: off one's nut - out of one's mind; crazy.
phrase: tough nut - someone who is difficult to deal with; a formidable person.
phrase: a tough nut to crack - a difficult problem or an opponent that is hard to beat.
phrase: use a sledgehammer to crack a nut - use disproportionately drastic meatures to deal with a simple problem.
phrase: nut out - plan or devise something mentally.
"we really need to sit down and nut out a plan"
O
oak
noun: a tree that bears acorns as fruit, and typically has lobed deciduous leaves. Oaks are common in many north temperate forests and are an important source of hard and durable wood used chiefly in construction, furniture, and (formerly) shipbuilding.
phrase: mighty oaks from little acorns grow - something of small or modest dimensions may grow into something very large or impressive.
object
noun: a material thing that can be seen and touched.
"he was dragging a large object"
- (PHILOSOPHY) a thing external to the thinking mind or subject.
noun: a person or thing to which a specified action or feeling is directed.
"disease became the object of investigation"
a goal or purpose.
"the Institute was opened with the object of promoting scientific study"
noun(GRAMMAR): a noun or noun phrase governed by an active transitive verb or by a preposition.
"in Gaelic the word order is verb, subject, object"
noun(COMPUTING): a data construct that provides a description of anything known to a computer (such as a processor or a piece of code) and defines its method of operation.
"the interface treats most items, including cells, graphs, and buttons, as objects"
verb: say something to express one's opposition to or disagreement with something.
"residents object to the volume of traffic"
phrase: no object - not influencing or restricting choices or decisions.
"a tycoon for whom money is no object"
phrase: the object of the exercise - the main purpose of an activity.
"the object of the exercise was to recover stolen property"
obscure
adjective: not discovered or known about; uncertain.
"his origins and parentage are obscure."
verb: keep from being seen; conceal.
"gray clouds obscure the sun."
obsess
verb: preoccupy or fill the mind of (someone) continually, intrusively, and to a troubling extent.
"he was obsessed with the theme of death"
obsession
- noun: the state of being obsessed with someone or something. 对某人或某事的痴迷状态。 an idea or thought that continually preoccupies or intrudes on a person's mind. 持续不断出现在人脑海中的想法。
occupation
noun: a job or profession. 一份工作或职业。
noun: the action, state, or period of occupying or being occupied by military force. 由军事力量占领或被占领的行动，状态，或时期。
noun: the action of living in or using a building or other place. 居住或使用建筑物或其他地方的行为。
adjective(BRITISH): for the sole use of the occupiers of the land concerned. （英国）仅供土地相关的占用人使用。
odd
adjective: different from what is usual or expected; strange. 与寻常或期望的不同的；奇怪的。
adjective: (of whole numbers such as 3 and 5) having one left over as a remainder when divided by two. （整数例如 3 或 5）除以 2 时剩下一个作为余数，即奇数。
adjective: happening or occurring infrequently and irregularly; occasional. 不经常或不规律地发生；偶然的。
adjective: spare; unoccupied. 空的；空置的。
adjective: separateed from a usual pair or set and therefore out of place or mismatched. 与通常的一对或一组分开，因此不合适或不匹配。
phrase: odd one out - a person or thing differing from all other members of a particular group or set in some way. 以某种方式与特定小组或集合中的所有成员都不同的人或物。
odds
noun: the ratio between the amounts staked by the parties to a bet, based on the expected probability either way. 各方投注金额的比率，基于任何方式的预期概率。
noun: the chances or likelihood of something happening or being the case. 事情发生的机会或可能性。
noun: superiority in strength, power, or resources; advantage. 在力量，权力，资源方面的优势；优点。
phrase: at odds - in conflict or at variance. 有冲突或差距的。
phrase: by all odds - certainly; by far. 当然；到目前为止。
phrase: against all odds - against all (other's) advantages. 对抗所有（别人的）优势，即不顾一切，排除万难。
phrase: lay odds - offer a bet with odds favorable to the other bettor. 提供对其他投注者有利的赔率的赌注。
phrase: take odds - offer a bet with odds unfavorable to the other bettor. 提供对其他投注者不利的赔率的赌注。
offspring
- noun: a person's child or children. 一个人的孩子或孩子们。
off-the-cuff
- phrase(INFORMAL): without preparation. （非正式）未准备的，临时的（cuff 指袖口，解开了袖口的，即未准备的）。
on the ropes
phrase(BOXING): forced against the ropes by the opponent's attack; in state of near collapse or defeat. （拳击上）被对手的攻击逼到了绳索上；处于濒临崩溃或失败的状态。
phrase(CLIMBING): roped together. （攀登）绑在一起。
oppose
verb: disagree with and attempt to prevent, especially by argument.
"a majority of the electorate opposed EC membership"
orchestra
noun: a group of instrumentalists, especially one combining string, woodwind, brass, and percussion sections and playing classical music.
noun: the part of a theatre where the orchestra plays, typically in front of the stage and on a lower level.
- (NORTH AMERICAN) the stalls in a theatre.
noun: the semicircular space in front of an ancient Greek theatre stage where the chorus danced and sang.
orchestrate
verb: arrange or score (music) for orchestral performance.
"the song cycle was stunningly arranged and orchestrated"
verb: arrange or direct the elements of (a situation) to produce a desired effect, especially surreptitiously.
"the developers were able to orchestrate a favorable media campaign"
organic
adjective: relating to or derived from living matter. 与生物有关的或来源于生物的。
adjective: (of food or farming methods) produced or involving production without the use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, or other artificial chemicals. （食品或耕作方法）在不使用化肥、杀虫剂或其他人工化学品的情况下生产或涉及生产。
adjective(PHYSIOLOGY): （生理）relating to a bodily organ or organs. 与身体器官有关。
adjective: denoting or characterized by a harmonious relationship between the elements of a whole. 表示或以整体间各元素的和谐关系为特征。
noun: a food produced by organic farming. 有机农业生产的食品。
noun: an organic chemical compound. 有机化合物。
ornament
noun: a thing used to make something look more attractive but usually having no practical purpose, especially a small object such as a figurine.
"it served more for ornament than for protection"
verb: make (something) look more attractive by adding decorative items.
"the men and women in the Stone Age ornamented their caves"
outcome
- noun: the way a thing turns out; a consequence. 事情的结果；后果。
outcry
- noun: an exclamation or shout. 感叹或喊叫。
outlet
noun: a pipe or hole through which water or gas may escape. 水或气体可从中逸出的管道或孔（也常用来指河口或插座）。
noun: a place from which goods are sold or distributed. 销售或分销商品的地方。
noun: a means of expressing one's talents, energy, or emotions. 表达一个人才能，精力，或情感的方式。
outlive
- verb: (of a person) live longer than (another person). （一个人）比（另一个人）活得更久。
out of the box
phrase(INFORMAL): used to refer to the immediate usability or functionality of a newly purchased product, typically an electronic device or a piece of software. （非正式）开箱即用的。
phrase(INFORMAL·AUSTRALIAN·NEW ZEALAND): unusually good. （非正式，澳大利亚，新西兰）异常的好。
outsize
adjective: exceptionally large.
"an outsize bed"
noun: an exceptionally large person or thing, especially a garment.
ovary
- noun: a female reproductive organ in which ova or eggs are produced, present in humans and other vertebrates as a pair.
overhead
adverb: above the level of the head; in the sky.
"a helicopter buzzed overhead"
adjective: situated above the level of the head.
"the sun was directly overhead"
adjective: (of a driving mechanism) above the object driven.
"an overhead cam four-cylinder engine" 顶置凸轮轴四缸机
adjective: (of a cost or expense) incurred in the upkeep or running of a plant, premises, or business and not attributable to individual products or items.
"the company has very high overhead costs"
noun: an overhead cost or expense.
"overheads, such as lighting, equipment, and any little extras, are paid for out of a centralized fund"
noun: a transparency designed for use with an overhead projector.
"software for producing slides, charts, and overheads"
an overhead compartment, especially on an aircraft.
"passengers get up to fiddle with their luggage in the overheads"
overlook
verb: fail to notice (something). 没有注意到（某事）。
verb: have a view from above. 从上面看过去。
verb(ARCHAIC): supervise; oversee. （古老）监管；监督。
verb(ARCHAIC): bewitch with the evil eye. （古老）用邪恶的眼睛迷惑。
overshadow
verb: tower above and cast a shadow over. 耸立在上方并投下阴影，即遮盖。
"an enormous oak tree stood overshadowing the cottage"
cast gloom over. 笼罩阴霾。
"it is easy to let this feeling of tragedy overshadow his story"
verb: appear much more prominent or important than. 显得比...突出或重要得多。
"his competitive nature often overshadows the other qualities"
be more impressive or successful than (another person). 比（另一个人）更令人印象深刻或更成功。
"he was always overshadowed by his brilliant elder brother"
overstate
verb: state too strongly; exaggerate.
"I overstated my case to make my point"
owe
verb: have an obligation to pay or repay (something, especially money) in return for something received. 有义务支付或偿还（某物，尤其是金钱）作为对收到的东西的回报，即欠或偿还。
phrase: owe it to oneself to do something - need to do something to protect one's own interests. 需要做点什么来保护自己的利益。
phrase: owe someone a living - used to express disapproval of someone who expects to receive financial support or other benefits without doing any work. 用于表示不赞成某些人，这些人希望在不做任何工作的情况下获得经济支持或其他好处。
phrase: owe someone one - feel indebted to someone for a favor done. 对某人的帮助感到亏欠。
phrase: owing to - because of or on account of. 因为或由于。
oxytocin
- noun(BIOCHEMISTRY): a hormone released by the pituitary gland that causes increased contraction of the uterus during labor and stimulates the ejection of milk into the ducts of the breasts. 催产素。
P
packet
noun: a paper or cardboard container, typically one in which goods are packed to be sold.
"sow seeds 2 to 3 inches apart or as recommended on the seed packets"
noun(COMPUTING): a block of data transmitted across a network.
noun(INFORMAL·BRITISH): a large sum of money.
"a hectic social life could cost a packet"
noun(DATED): a ship traveling at regular intervals between two ports, originally for the conveyance of mail.
verb: make up into or wrap up in a packet.
"I grew my own sunflowers and packeted the seeds"
painstaking
- adjective: done with or employing great care and thoroughness. 以非常地小心和谨慎完成或使用。
pandemic
adjective: (of a disease) prevalent over a whole country or the world. （疾病）流行于整个国家或世界。
noun: an outbreak of a pandemic disease. 全球疫情的爆发。
panel
noun: a flat or curved component, typically rectangular, that forms or is set into the surface of a door, wall, or ceiling. 平整或弯曲的组件，通常是矩形，形成或嵌入门，墙壁，或天花板的表面。
noun: a flat board on which instruments or controls are fixed. 一块平板，仪器或控制器固定在其上。
noun: a small group of people brought together to discuss, investigate, or decide on a particular matter, especially in the context of business or government. 一小组人聚集在一起来讨论，调查，或决定一个特别的事项，尤其是在商业或政府背景下。
verb: cover (a wall or other surface) with panels. 用面板覆盖（墙壁或其他表面）。
pant
verb: breathe with short, quick breaths, typically from exertion or excitement.
"he was panting when he reached the top"
noun: a short, quick breath.
pants
noun(NORTH AMERICAN): trousers.
"baggy corduroy pants"
noun(BRITISH): underpants.
noun(INFORMAL·BRITISH): rubbish; nonsense.
"he thought we were going to be absolute pants"
paradox
noun: a seemingly absurd or contradictory statement or proposition which when investigated may prove to be well founded or true. "the uncertainty principle leads to all sorts of paradoxes, like the particles being in two places at once"
a statement or proposition which, despite sound (or apparently sound) reasoning from acceptable premises, leads to a conclusion that seems logically unacceptable or self-contradictory. "the liar paradox"
a person or thing that combines contradictory features or qualities. "cathedrals face the paradox of having enormous wealth in treasures but huge annual expenses"
parallel
adjective: (of lines, planes, surfaces, or objects) side by side and having the same distance continuously between them. （线，面，表面，或物体）并排排列并在它们之间连续地具有相同的距离。
occurring or existing at the same time or in a similar way; corresponding. 同时或以类似方式发生或存在；相应的（例如平行宇宙，a parallel universe）。
(COMPUTING) involving the simultaneous performance of operations. （计算机）涉及同时进行的操作（即并行操作）。
of or denoting electrical components or circuits connected to common points at each end, rather than one to another in sequence. 关于或表示电气元件或电路，每一端都连接到常规点，而不是按顺序一个接一个，即并联电路。
noun: a person or thing that is similar or analogous to another. 与另一个人或事物相似或类似的人或事物。
noun: each of the imaginary parallel circles of constant latitude on the earth's surface. 地球表面纬度固定的任一个假想平行圆。
noun(PRINTING): two parallel lines (||) as a reference mark.（印刷）两条平行线（||）作为参考标记。
verb: (of something extending in a line) be side by side with (something extending in a line), always keeping the same distance. （在一条直线上延伸的东西）并排于（一条直线上延伸的东西），始终保持相同的距离。
- be similar or corresponding to (something). 与（某事）相似或对应。
phrase: in parallel - occurring at the same time and having some connection. 同时发生并有某种联系。
paralysis
noun: the loss of the ability to move (and sometimes to feel anything) in part or most of the body, typically as result of illness, poison, or injury. 身体一部分或大部分失去行动能力（并且有时是感觉不到任何东西），通常是因为疾病，中毒，或受伤。
- inability to act or function in a person, organization, or place. 个人，组织，或地方无法发挥功能。
paraphrase
verb: express the meaning of (the writer or speaker or something written or spoken) using different words, especially to achieve greater clarity. 用不同的词表达（作者或演讲者或写或说的东西）的意思，尤其是为了达到更清楚的目的。
noun: a rewording of something written or spoken by someone else. 改写别人写或说的东西。
participatory
- adjective: involving or characterized by participation. 涉及或以参与为特征，即参与式的。
passing
adjective: going past. 过去。
adjective: (of a period of time) going by. （一段时间）经过。
adjective: carried out quickly and lightly. 快速而轻松地进行。
adjective(US): meeting or surpassing the requirements of a course or examination. （美国）达到或超过课程或考试的要求。
noun: the passage of something, especially time. 某物的流逝，尤其是时间。
noun: the action of throwing, kicking, or hitting a ball or puck to another team member during a sports match. 在体育比赛中向其他队员投掷，踢，或击打球或冰球。
noun: the end of something. 某事的结束。
phrase: in passing - briefly and casually. 简要且随意地。
passionate
adjective: having, showing, or caused by strong feelings or beliefs.
"passionate pleas for help"
arising from intense feelings of sexual love.
"a passionate kiss"
pastime
- none: an activity that someone does regularly fooor enjoyment rather than work; a hobby. 某人为了享受而不是工作而定期进行的活动；一个爱好。
patchwork
noun: needlework in which small pieces of cloth in different designs, colors, or textures are sewn together.
"a quilt of patchwork"
the craft of sewing in which small pieces of cloth in different designs, colors, or textures are sewn together.
"specialists in quilting and patchwork"
a thing composed of many different elements so as to appear variegated.
"a patchwork of stone walls and green fields"
patent
noun: a government authority or licence conferring a right or title for a set period, especially the sole right to exclude others from making, using, or selling an invention.
"he took out a patent for an improved steam hammer"
noun: patent leather.
"designs in a wide range of textures featuring super-chic patent, soft suede, or sophisticated nappa"
adjective: easily recognizable; obvious.
"she was smiling with patent insincerity"
adjective(MEDICINE): (of a vessel, duct, or aperture) open and unobstructed; failing to close. "the patient is usually left with a patent vessel"
- (of a parasitic infection) showing detectable parasites in the tissues or faeces. "there are a few recorded cases of patent infection in man"
adjective: made and marketed under a patent; proprietary.
"patent milk powder"
verb: obtain a patent for (an invention).
"an invention is not your own until it is patented"
paternal
adjective: of or appropriate to a father.
"he reasserted his paternal authority"
adjective: related through the father.
"his father and paternal grandfather were porcelain painters"
paternity
noun: (especially in legal contexts) the state of being someone's father.
"he refused to admit paternity of the child"
noun: paternal origin.
"his enemies made great play of the supposed dubiety of his paternity"
patrol
noun: an expedition to keep watch over an area, especially by guards or police walking or driving around at regular intervals.
"we were ordered to investigate on a night patrol"
noun: a unit of six to eight Girl Scouts or Boy Scouts forming part of a troop.
"break the Cubs into sixes and Scouts into patrols"
verb: keep watch over (an area) by regularly walking or traveling around or through it.
"the garrison had to patrol the streets to maintain order"
pave the way for
- phrase: to make it easier for (something to happen or someone to do something). 使（某事发生或某人做某事）更容易。
peculiar
adjective: strange or odd; unusual.
"his accent was a peculiar mixture of Cockney and Irish"
adjective: particular; special.
"any attempt to explicate the theme is bound to run into peculiar difficulties"
noun: a parish or church exempt from the jurisdiction of the diocese in which it lies, through being subject to the jurisdiction of the monarch or an archbishop.
pedal
noun: each of a pair of foot-operated levers used for powering a bicycle or other vehicle propelled by the legs.
noun: a foot-operated throttle, brake, or clutch control in a motor vehicle.
noun: each of a set of two or three levers on a piano, particularly (also sustaining pedal ) one that, when depressed by the foot, prevents the dampers from stopping the sound when the keys are released. The second is the soft pedal ; a third, if present, produces either selective sustaining or complete muffling of the tone.
verb: move by working the pedals of a bicycle.
"they pedaled along the canal towpath"
verb: use the pedals of a piano, organ, or other keyboard instrument, especially in a particular style.
"the organist pedaled furiously, her feet travelling musical miles"
phrase: with the pedal to the metal — with the accelerator of a car pressed to the floor.
"she loved careening down the highway with the pedal to the metal"
adjective(PHYSIOLOGY·ZOOLOGY): relating to the foot or feet.
peer
verb: look keenly or with difficulty at someone or something. 敏锐地或困难地注视某人或某物，即窥视，细看。
"Blake screwed up his eyes, trying to peer through the fog"
be just visible. 只是可视的。
"the two towers peer over the roofs"
(ARCHAIC) come into view; appear. （古老）来到视野中；出现。
"for yet a many of your horsemen peer"
noun: a member of the nobility in Britain or Ireland, comprising the ranks of duke, marquess, earl, viscount, and baron. 英国或爱尔兰的贵族成员，包括公爵、侯爵、伯爵、子爵和男爵，即贵族。
"hereditary peers could still dominate the proceedings of the House of Lords"
noun: a person of the same age, status, or ability as another specified person. 与另一特定的人具有相同年龄、地位或能力的人，即同辈。
"he has incurred much criticism from his academic peers"
verb(ARCHAIC): make or become equal with or of the same rank. （古老）使或变得与或具有相同的等级。
"the Thames could not peer with the mill-streamlet close to my home"
phrase: without peer - unequaled; unrivaled; peerless. 无可比拟的，无与伦比的；绝世的。
"he is a goalkeeper without peer"
penalty
noun: a punishment imposed for breaking a law, rule, or contract.
"the charge carries a maximum penalty of ten years' imprisonment"
noun: (in sports and games) a disadvantage or handicap imposed on a player or team, typically for infringement of rules.
phrase: under penalty of - under the threat of.
"he ordered enterprises to fulfill contracts under penalty of strict fines"
pendulum
- noun: a weight hung from a fixed point so that it can swing freely backward and forward, especially a rod with a weight at the end that regulates the mechanism of a clock. 钟摆，挂在一个固定点上的重物，这样它就能自由地前后摆动，尤其是末端带有长杆的重物可以调节时钟的机制。
pension
noun: a regular payment made during a person's retirement from an investment fund to which that person or their employer has contributed during their working life. 在一个人退休期间从该人或其雇主在其工作生涯中向其捐款的投资基金中定期支付的款项，即退休金。
a regular payment made by the government to people of or above the official retirement age and to some widows and disabled people. 政府定期向法定退休年龄或以上的人以及一些寡妇和残疾人支付的款项，即福利金。
(HISTORICAL) a regular payment made to a royal favorite or to an artist or scholar to enable them to carry on work that is of public interest or value. （历史上）定期支付给皇室宠臣或艺术家或学者的款项，使他们能够开展具有公共利益或价值的工作。
verb: dismiss someone from employment, typically because of age or ill health, and pay them a pension. 解雇某人，通常是因为年龄或健康状况不佳，并向他们支付补偿金。
"he was pensioned off from the army at the end of the war"
noun: a boarding house in France and other European countries, providing full or partial board at a fixed rate. 法国和其他欧洲国家的寄宿公寓，以固定费率提供全食宿或部分食宿。
perceive
verb: become aware or conscious of (something); come to realize or understand. 知觉或意识到某事；逐渐知觉或理解。
verb: interpret or look on (someone or something) in a particular way; regard as. 以特定的方式解释或看待（某人或某事）；当作。
perception
- noun: the ability to see, hear, or become aware of something through the senses. 通过感官看到、听到或意识到某事的能力，即洞察力。
perish
verb: suffer death, typically in a violent, sudden, or untimely way. 遭受死亡，通常以暴力，突然，或过早的方式。
phrase: perish the thought - used, often ironically, to show that one finds a suggestion or idea completely ridiculous or unwelcome. 用于（通常具有讽刺意味的）表示某人认为建议或想法完全是荒唐或不受欢迎的。
permissive
adjective: allowing or characterized by great or excessive freedom of behavior. 允许或以极大或过度行为的自由为特征。
adjective(LAW): allowed but not obligatory; optional. （法律）允许但不是必须的；可选的。
adjective(BIOLOGY): allowing a biological or biochemical process to occur. （生物学）允许生物或生化过程出现。
perpetual
adjective: never ending or changing. 永不结束或改变。
adjective: occurring repeatedly; so frequent as to seem endless and uninterrupted. 反复发生；太频繁以至于似乎无穷无尽且不间断。
adjective: (of a plant) blooming or fruiting several times in one season. （植物）在一个季节中开花或结果数次。
perpetuate
verb: make (something) continue indefinitely.
"the confusion was perpetuated through inadvertence"
perplex
- verb: (of something complicated or unaccountable) cause (someone) to feel completely baffled. （复杂或无法解释的）使（某人）感到完全困惑。
perspective
noun: the art of drawing solid objects on a two-dimensional surface so as to give the right impression of their height, width, depth, and position in relation to each other when viewed from a particular point. 在二维表面绘制固定物体的艺术，以便给出正确的印象关于它们的高，宽，深，和彼此位置的关系，当从一个特定点观察时，即透视。
noun: a particular attitude toward or way of regarding something; a point of view. 看待某事的特定态度或方式；观点。
noun: an apparent spatial distribution in perceived sound. 在感知到的声音中，明显的空间分布。
phrase: in perspective - showing the right relationship between visible objects. 在可见物体间显示出正确的关系。
- correctly regarded in terms of relative importance. 正确看待关于相对重要性。
phrase: out of perspective - showing the wrong relationship between visible objects. 在可见物体间显示出错误的关系。
- incorrectly regarded in terms of relative importance. 错误看待关于相对重要性。
phrase: put something into perspective - correctly regard something in terms of relative importance. 正确看待关于相对重要性。
pervade
- verb: (especially of a smell) spread through and be perceived in every part of. （尤其是指气味）在每个部分传播并被感知。
pervasive
- adjective: (especially of an unwelcome influence or physical effect) spreading widely throughtout an area or a group of people. （尤其是不受欢迎的影响或身体上的影响）在一个地区或一群人中广泛传播。
pessimistic
- adjective: tending to see the worst aspect of things or believe that the worst will happen. 倾向于看到事情最糟糕的一面或相信最糟糕的事情会发生，即悲观主义。
phase
noun: a distinct period or stage in a series of events or a process of change or development. 一系列事件或变化或发展的进程中的不同时期或阶段。
noun: each of the aspects of the moon or a planet, according to the amount of its illumination, especially the new moon, the first quarter, the full moon, and the last quarter. 月亮或行星的每一个相位，根据它的光照量，尤其是新月，上弦月，满月和下弦月。
noun(ZOOLOGY): a genetic or seasonal variety of an animal's coloration. （动物学）动物颜色的遗传或季节性变化。
noun(CHEMISTRY): a distinct and homogeneous form of matter (i.e. a particular solid, liquid, or gas) separated by its surface from other forms. 一种独特且均质的物质形式（例如特定的固体，液体，或气体），通过它的表面与其他形式分开。
noun(PHYSICS): the relationship in time between the successive states or cycles of an oscillating or repeating system (such as an alternating electric current or a light or sound wave) and either a fixed reference point or the states or cycles of another system with which it may or may not be in synchrony. （物理）振荡或重复系统的连续状态或周期间的时间关系（例如交流电的电流或光或声波）以及一个固定的参考点或另一个系统的状态或周期，与之相比可能会也可能不会同步。
verb: carry out (something) in gradual stages. 逐步进行（某事）。
verb(PHYSICS): adjust the phase of (something), especially so as to synchronize it with something else. 调整（某物）的阶段，尤其是与其他同步时。
phrase: in phase - being or happening in synchrony or harmony. 同步或和谐存在或发生。
phrase: out of phase - being or happening out of synchrony or harmony. 不同步或不和谐的存在或发生。
philharmonic
adjective: devoted to music (chiefly used in the names of orchestras). 常用于交响乐团的名字中，中文翻译为爱乐（乐团）。
"the Boston Philharmonic Orchestra"
phobia
noun: an extreme or irrational fear of or aversion to something. 对某事的一种极端或非理性的恐惧或厌恶。
suffix: extreme or irrational fear or dislike of a specified thing or group. 对特定事物或群体的极端或非理性的恐惧或厌恶，即某恐惧症，用于后缀。
phony
adjective(INFORMAL): not genuine; fraudulent. 不是真诚的；欺诈的。
noun: a fraudulent person or thing. 欺诈的人或事。
physician
noun: a person qualified to practice medicine. 有行医资格的人，即医师。
phrase: physician, heal thyself - before attempting to correct others, make sure that you aren't guilty of the same faults. 医生，先治好你自己 - 在尝试纠正他人前，确保自己没有犯同样的错误。
pile
noun: a heap of things laid or lying one on top of another.
"he placed the books in a neat pile"
noun: a large imposing building or group of buildings.
"a Victorian Gothic pile"
noun: a series of plates of dissimilar metals laid one on another alternately to produce an electric current.
noun(DATED): a nuclear reactor.
verb: place (things) one on top of the other.
"she piled all the groceries on the counter"
verb: (of a group of people) get into or out of a vehicle or space in a disorganized manner.
"ten of us piled into the minibus"
phrase: make one's pile - make a lot of money.
"he was a car salesman who had made his pile in the Thatcher years"
phrase: pile arms - place a number of rifles (usually four) with their butts on the ground and the muzzles together.
phrase: pile it on - exaggerate the seriousness of a situation for effect.
phrase: pile on - add something in large amounts.
"they really like piling on the work here"
phrase: pile up - increase in quantity.
"the work has piled up"
noun: a heavy stake or post driven vertically into the bed of a river, soft ground, etc., to support the foundations of a superstructure.
noun(HERALDRY): a triangular charge or ordinary formed by two lines meeting at an acute angle, usually pointing down from the top of the shield.
verb: strengthen or support (a structure) with piles.
"an earlier bridge may have been piled"
noun: the soft projecting surface of a carpet or a fabric such as velvet or flannel, consisting of many small threads.
"the thick pile of the new rugs"
pincer
noun: a tool made of two pieces of metal with blunt concave jaws that are arranged like the blades of scissors, used for gripping and pulling things.
noun: a hinged and sharply pointed organ used by an arthropod for feeding or defence, as the mandibles of an insect, or each of the chelae of a crab, lobster, or scorpion.
pitch
noun: the quality of a sound governed by the rate of vibrations producing it; the degree of highness or lowness of a tone.
"a car engine seems to change pitch downward as the vehicle passes you"
a standard degree of highness or lowness used in performance.
"the guitars were strung and tuned to pitch"
noun: the steepness of a slope, especially of a roof.
(CLIMBING) a section of a climb, especially a steep one.
the height to which a hawk soars before swooping on its prey.
noun: the level of intensity of something.
"he brought the machine to a high pitch of development"
a very high degree of.
"rousing herself to a pitch of indignation"
noun: a playing field. (草地叫 pitch，硬化的场地叫 court)
(CRICKET) the strip of ground between the two sets of stumps.
"both batsmen were stranded in the middle of the pitch"
noun(BASEBALL): a legal delivery of the ball by the pitcher.
(GOLF) a high approach shot on to the green.
(AMERICAN FOOTBALL) short for pitchout (sense 2).
noun: a form of words used when trying to persuade someone to buy or accept something.
"a good sales pitch"
noun: a swaying or oscillation of a ship, aircraft, or vehicle around a horizontal axis perpendicular to the direction of motion.
"the pitch and roll of the ship"
noun(TECHNICAL): the distance between successive corresponding points or lines, e.g., between the teeth of a cogwheel.
a measure of the angle of the blades of a screw propeller, equal to the distance forward a blade would move in one revolution if it exerted no thrust on the medium.
the density of typed or printed characters on a line, typically expressed as numbers of characters per inch.
verb(BASEBALL): throw (the ball) for the batter to try to hit.
(BASEBALL) be a pitcher.
(GOLF) hit (the ball) onto the green with a pitch shot.
(GOLF) (of the ball) strike the ground in a particular spot.
verb: throw or fling roughly or casually.
"he crumpled the page up and pitched it into the fireplace"
fall heavily, especially headlong.
"she pitched forward into blackness"
verb: set (one's voice or a piece of music) at a particular pitch.
"you've pitched the melody very high"
express at a particular level of difficulty.
"he should pitch his talk at a suitable level for the age group"
aim (a product) at a particular section of the market.
"the machine is being pitched at banks"
verb: make a bid to obtain a contract or other business.
"they were pitching for an account"
verb: set up and fix in a definite position.
"we pitched camp for the night"
verb: (of a moving ship, aircraft, or vehicle) rock or oscillate around a lateral axis, so that the front and back move up and down.
"the little steamer pressed on, pitching gently"
(of a vehicle) move with a vigorous jogging motion.
"a jeep came pitching down the hill"
verb: cause (a roof) to slope downward from the ridge.
"the roof was pitched at an angle of 75 degrees"
slope downward.
"the ravine pitches down to the creek"
phrase: make a pitch - make a bid to obtain a contract or other business.
"the company is making a pitch at a $200 million market"
phrase: pitch in - vigorously join in to help with a task or activity.
"we must all pitch in and do our part"
phrase: pitch into - vigorously tackle or begin to deal with something.
"I pitched into the chores with a light heart"
phrase: pitch up - turn up; arrive.
"he eventually pitched up in Britain on a diplomatic passport"
phrase: pitch out - throw a pitchout.
pitfall
noun: a hidden or unsuspected danger or difficulty.
"the pitfalls of buying goods at public auctions"
noun: a covered pit for use as a trap.
plagiarize
- verb: take (the work or an idea of someone else) and pass it off as one's own. 拿走（别人的工作或想法）并把它当作自己的，即抄袭。
plain
adjective: not decorated or elaborate; simple or ordinary in character. 没有装饰或精心制作的；性格上简单或普通的。
adjective: (of a person) having no pretensions; not remarkable or special. （人）不自负的；不显着或特别的。
adjective: easy to perceive or understand; clear. 易于感知或理解的；清楚的。
adjective: (of a person) not beautiful or attractive. （人）不漂亮或不吸引人的。
adjective: sheer; simple (used for emphasis). 纯粹的；简单的（用于强调）。
adjective: denoting or relating to a type of knitting stitch produced by putting the needle through the front of each stitch from left to right. 表示或关于一种一种针织针法，产生于将针从左至右穿过每一针脚的前面。
adverb(INFORMAL): clearly; unequivocally (used for emphasis). 清楚地；毫不含糊地（用于强调）。
noun: a large area of flat land with few trees. 大片平坦的土地，树木很少。
phrase: as plain as the nose on one's face - very obvious. 很明显。
phrase: in plain sight - in a place that is clearly visible. 在一个清晰可见的地方。
phrase: plain and simple - used to emphasize the statement preceding or following. 用于强调前面或后面的陈述。
phrase: plain as day - very clearly. 非常清楚。
verb(ARCHAIC): mourn or lament. （古老的）哀悼或悲叹。
plant
noun: a living organism of the kind exemplified by trees, shrubs, herbs, grasses, ferns, and mosses, typically growing in a permanent site, absorbing water and inorganic substances through its roots, and synthesizing nutrients in its leaves by photossynthesis using the green pigment chlorophyll. 以树木，灌木，草本植物，草，蕨类植物和苔藓为例的生物体，通常生长在固定地点，通过根部吸收水和无机物，并在叶子中合成养分，通过使用绿色色素叶绿素的光合作用。
noun: a place where an industrial or manufacturing process takes place. 工业或制造过程发生的地方。
noun: a person placed in a group as a spy or informer. 被安插在一个组织中作为间谍或告密者的人。
verb: place (a seed, bulb, or plant) in the ground so that it can grow. 把（种子，球茎，或植物）放在地里，以使其生长。
- (INFORMAL) bury (someone). （非正式）埋葬（某人）。
verb: place or fix in a specified position. 放置或固定在指定位置。
plate tectonics
- noun: a theory explaining the structure of the earth's crust and many associated phenomena as resulting from the interaction of rigid lithospheric plates which move slowly over the underlying mantle. 板块构造学。
plausible
adjective: (of an argument or statement) seeming reasonable or probable.
"a plausible explanation"
plead
verb: make an emotional appeal.
"“Don't go,” she pleaded"
verb: present and argue for (a position), especially in court or in another public context.
"using cheap melodrama to plead the case for three prisoners"
pledge
noun: a solemn promise or undertaking.
"the conference ended with a joint pledge to limit pollution"
a promise of a donation to charity.
"the company's pledge of 10% of profits to environmental concerns"
a solemn undertaking to abstain from alcohol.
"she persuaded Arthur to take the pledge"
noun(LAW): a thing that is given as security for the fulfillment of a contract or the payment of a debt and is liable to forfeiture in the event of failure.
"he had given the object as a pledge to a creditor"
a thing given as a token of love, favor, or loyalty.
"I have no intention of giving you anything that could be held against me as a pledge"
noun(ARCHAIC): the drinking to a person's health; a toast.
noun(US): a person who has promised to join a fraternity or sorority.
verb: commit (a person or organization) by a solemn promise.
formally declare or promise that something is or will be the case.
"the president pledged that 20,000 government buildings would have solar roofs"
solemnly undertake to do something.
"they pledged to continue the campaign for funding"
undertake formally to give.
"Japan pledged $100 million in humanitarian aid"
verb(LAW): give as security on a loan.
"the creditor to whom the land is pledged"
verb(ARCHAIC): drink to the health of.
"in his hand a sculptured goblet, as he pledged the merchant kings"
verb(US): promise to join (a fraternity or sorority).
"Francie and I pledged the same sorority"
plow (北美以外写作 plough)
noun: a large farming implement with one or more blades fixed in a frame, drawn by a tractor or by animals and used for cutting furrows in the soil and turning it over, especially to prepare for the planting of seeds. 大型农具，带有一个或多个刀片固定在框架中，被拖拉机或动物牵引，并用于在土壤中开沟和翻土，尤其是准备播种时。
noun: a yoga pose assumed by lying on one's back and swinging one's legs over one's head until the outstretched feet approach or touch the floor. 一种瑜伽姿势，假想是仰卧双腿摆过头，直到伸出的双脚接近或接触地面。
verb: turn up the earth of (an area of land) with a plow, especially before sowing. 用犁翻起（一块土地）的泥土，尤其是在播种前。
verb: (especially of a vehicle) move in a fast and uncontrolled manner. （尤其是车辆）以快速和不受控制的方式移动。
verb(NORTH AMERICAN): clear snow from (a road) using a snowplow. （北美）使用扫雪车清除（路上）的雪。
verb(DATED·INFORMAL): fail (an examination). （过时·非正式）考试失败。
phrase: plow through - to finish doing something that takes a longtime and is difficult or boring. 完成需要很长时间且困难或无聊的事情。
poach
verb: illegally hunt or catch (game or fish) on land that is not one's own or in contravention of official protection.
"20 tigers are thought to have been poached from national parks"
take or acquire in an unfair or clandestine way.
"employers risk having their newly trained workers poached by other companies"
(in ball games) take a shot that a partner or teammate would have expected to take.
"in doubles, you're poaching when you advance into your partner's territory"
verb: (of an animal) trample or cut up (turf) with its hoofs.
"zero-grazing saves the fields from poaching"
(of land) become sodden by being trampled.
"if the ground is liable to poach the cows come inside"
phrase: poach on someone's territory — encroach on someone else's rights.
"I'm not interested in poaching on your territory"
verb: cook (an egg) without its shell in or over boiling water.
"a breakfast of poached egg and grilled bacon"
cook by simmering in a small amount of liquid.
"poach the salmon in the white wine"
poke
verb: jab or prod (someone or something), especially with one's finger.
"he poked Benny in the ribs and pointed"
verb: thrust (something) in a particular direction.
"I poked my head around the door to see what was going on"
noun: an act of poking someone or something.
"she gave the fire a poke"
noun(INFORMAL): a look or search around a place.
"his mother comes into his room sometimes and has a poke around"
noun(INFORMAL·BRITISH): power or acceleration in a car.
"I expect you'd prefer something with a bit more poke"
noun: a woman's bonnet with a projecting brim or front, popular especially in the early 19th century.
phrase: be better than a poke in the eye with a sharp stick - be welcome or pleasing, even if other circumstances might be better.
"I got a tax rebate—not a huge amount but better than a poke in the eye with a sharp stick"
phrase: poke one's nose into - take an intrusive interesting in.
"it's not like you to poke your nose into areas that don't concern you"
phrase: take a poke at someone - hit or punch someone.
phrase: poke along - move slowly; dawdle.
"I was poking along, my vision blocked by that curtain of sleet."
phrase: poke around - look around a place, typically in search of something.
"he poked around in his fridge before pulling out a container of ham"
noun(SCOTTISH): a bag or small sack.
"he fished out a poke of crisps from under the counter"
noun: a Hawaiian dish of marinated raw fish or seafood, often served over rice.
"a buffet full of Hawaiian favorites like fresh poke"
polish
verb: make the surface of (something) smooth and shiny by rubbing it. 通过摩擦使（某物）表面光滑有光泽。
"behind the bar the steward polished glasses busily"
improve, refine, or add the finishing touches to.
"after you and your editor have polished the manuscript, the copyeditors read it"
noun: a substance used to give something a smooth and shiny surface when rubbed in.
"a tin of shoe polish"
refinement or elegance in a person or thing.
"his poetry has clarity and polish"
phrase: polish off — quickly finish or consume something.
"they polished off most of the sausages"
polished
adjective: shiny as a result of being rubbed.
"a polished mahogany table"
accomplished and skilful.
"his polished performance in the film"
refined, sophisticated, or elegant.
"he was polished and charming"
(of rice) having had the outer husk removed during milling.
ponder
- verb: think about (something) carefully, especially before making a decision or reaching a conclusion. 仔细考虑（某事），尤其是在做出决定或得出结论之前。
pool
noun: a small area of still water, typically one formed naturally.
verb: (of liquid) form a pool on the ground or another surface.
(of liquid) form a pool on the ground or another surface.
noun: a shared supply of vehicles or resources to be drawn on when needed.
"a car pool"
noun: a game played on a small billiard table using two sets of seven coloured and numbered balls together with one black ball and a white cue ball, with the aim of pocketing all one's own balls and then the black.
noun: a group of contestants who compete against each other in a tournament for the right to advance to the next round.
"the sides in Pool A"
noun: an arrangement, illegal in many countries, between competing parties to fix prices or rates and share business in order to eliminate competition.
"pool arrangements by the competing networks reduce individual costs"
verb: (of two or more people or organizations) put (money or other assets) into a common fund.
"they entered a contract to pool any gains and invest them profitably"
populate
verb: cause people to settle in (an area or place). 使人们在（一个地区或地方）定居。
verb: fill or be present in (a place, environment, or domain). 填充或出现在（地点，环境，或领域）。
verb(COMPUTING): add data to a previously empty section of (an electronic form, document, etc.). 把数据添加到（电子表格、文档等）的先前空白的区域。
populist
noun: a person, especially a politician, who strives to appeal to ordinary poeple who feel that their concerns are disregarded by established elite groups. 一个人，尤其是政治家，努力吸引普通人，这些普通人感到他们所关心的事情被既有精英群体所忽视，即平民主义者。
adjective: relating to or characteristic of a political approach that strives to appeal to ordinary people who feel that their concerns are disregarded by established elite groups. 与一种政治方法有关或具有政治方法的特征，即努力吸引普通人，这些普通人感到他们关心的事情被既有精英群体所忽视，即平民主义的。
porch
noun: a covered shelter projecting in front of the entrance of a building.
"the north porch of Hereford Cathedral"
(NORTH AMERICAN) a veranda.
"Daniel and Lydia sat out on the porch for many hours"
pose
verb: present or constitute (a problem, danger, or difficulty). 存在或构成（问题，危险，或困难）。
verb: assume a particular attitude or position in order to be photographed, painted, or drawn. 采取特定的态度或姿势以便被拍照，绘画，或绘画。
verb: pretend to be (someone or something). 假装是（某人或某事）。
verb: behave affectedly in order to impress others. 为了给别人留下深刻印象而表现得装模作样。
noun: a particular way of standing or sitting, usually adopted for effect or in order to be photographed, painted, or drawn. 一种特殊的站姿或坐姿，通常用于拍照，绘画，或绘制的效果。
noun: a particular way of behaving adopted in order to give others a false impression or to impress others. 为了给他人留下错误印象或给他人留下深刻印象而采取的特定行为方式。
verb(ARCHAIC): puzzle or perplex (someone) with a question or problem. 困扰或困惑（某人）以问题或难题。
post
noun: a long, sturdy piece of timber or metal set upright in the ground and used to support something or as a marker.
"follow the blue posts until the track meets a forestry road"
noun: a piece of writing, image, or other item of content published online, typically on a blog or on social media.
"in a recent post, he cautioned investors to be wary of these predictions"
verb: display (a notice) in a public place.
"a curt notice had been posted on the door"
verb: publish (a piece of writing, image, or other item of content) online, typically on a blog or on social media.
"she posted a photo of herself with the singer on Twitter"
verb: announce or publish (something, especially a financial result).
"the company posted a $460,000 loss"
verb: (of a player or team) achieve or record (a particular score or result).
"he posted a victory in Japan to lead the series"
phrase: go to post - (of a racehorse) start a race.
"only four of the fifteen entries go to post"
phrase: post up - play in a position near the basket, along the side of the key.
"Jordan settled for jumpers instead of using his five-inch height advantage to post up"
noun(BRITISH): the official service or system that delivers letters and parcels.
"winners will be notified by post"
letters and parcels delivered.
"she was opening her post"
a single collection or delivery of letters or parcels.
"entries must be received no later than first post on Friday, June 14th"
used in names of newspapers.
"the Washington Post"
noun: one of a series of couriers who carried mail on horseback between fixed stages.
verb(BRITISH): send (a letter or parcel) via the postal system.
"I've just been to post a letter"
verb: (in bookkeeping) enter (an item) in a ledger.
"post the transaction in the second column"
verb(HISTORICAL): travel with relays of horses.
"we posted in an open carriage"
adverb(ARCHAIC): with haste.
"come now, come post"
phrase: keep someone posted - keep someone informed of the latest developments or news.
"I'll keep you posted on his progress"
noun: a position of paid employment; a job.
"he resigned from the post of Foreign Minister"
noun: a place where someone is on duty or where a particular activity is carried out.
"a worker asleep at his post"
a place where a soldier, guard, or police officer is stationed or that they patrol.
"he gave the two armed men orders not to leave their posts"
noun(HISTORICAL): the status or rank of full-grade captain in the Royal Navy.
"Captain Miller was made post in 1796"
verb: send (someone) to a particular place to take up an appointment.
"he was posted to Washington as military attaché"
station (someone, especially a soldier, guard, or police officer) in a particular place.
"a guard was posted at the entrance"
preposition: subsequent to; after.
"American poetry post the 1950s hasn't had the same impact"
noun: work done on a film or recording after filming or recording has taken place.
"the rest of the effects were added in post"
prefix: after in time or order.
"postdate"
prefix(ANATOMY): behind in position.
posture
noun: the position in which someone holds their body when standing or sitting.
"he stood in a flamboyant posture with his hands on his hips"
noun: a particular way of dealing with or considering something; an approach or attitude.
"labor unions adopted a more militant posture in wage negotiations"
verb: behave in a way that is intended to impress or mislead.
"a billionaire posturing as a hero of the working class"
verb(ARCHAIC): place (someone) in a particular attitude or pose.
"and still these two were postured motionless"
poverty
noun: the state of being extremely poor. 极度贫困的状态。
noun: the state of being inferior in quality or insufficient in amount. 数量不足或是质量低劣的状态。
practically
adverb: virtually; almost.
"the place was practically empty"
adverb: in a practical manner.
"“He might win,” pointed out Emmeline practically"
practice
noun: the actual application or use of an idea, belief, or method, as opposed to theories relating to it.
"the principles and practice of teaching"
noun: the customary, habitual, or expected procedure or way of doing of something.
"current nursing practice"
noun: repeated exercise in or performance of an activity or skill so as to acquire or maintain proficiency in it.
"it must have taken a lot of practice to become so fluent"
verb: perform (an activity) or exercise (a skill) repeatedly or regularly in order to improve or maintain one's proficiency.
"I need to practice my French"
verb: carry out or perform (a particular activity, method, or custom) habitually or regularly.
"we still practice some of these rituals today"
phrase: in practice - in reality (used to refer to what actually happens as opposed to what is meant or believed to happen).
"in theory this method is ideal—in practice it is unrealistic"
phrase: out of practice - not currently proficient in a particular activity or skill due to not having exercised or performed it for some time.
"he was out of practice at interrogation"
phrase: practice makes perfect - used to convey that regular exercise of an activity or skill is the way to become proficient in it, especially when encouraging someone to persist in it.
phrase: practice what one preaches - do what one advises others to do.
practitioner
- noun: a person actively engaged in an art, discipline, or profession, especially mecicine. 积极从事艺术、学科，或职业的人，尤其是医学上。
praise
verb: express warm approval or admiration of. 表示热烈的赞同或钦佩。
"we can't praise Chris enough—he did a brilliant job"
verb: express one's respect and gratitude towards (a deity), especially in song. 表达对（神）的尊重和感激，尤其是在歌曲中。
"we praise God for past blessings"
noun: the expression of approval or admiration for someone or something. 对某人或某事的赞同或钦佩的表达。
"the audience was full of praise for the whole production"
noun: the expression of respect and gratitude as an act of worship. 尊重或感激的表达，作为一种崇拜行为。
"give praise to God"
phrase: praise be - used as an expression of relief, joy, or gratitude. 用于表示解脱，喜悦，或感激之情。
"'How is your sister?''On the mend, praise be.'" “你姐姐怎么样了？”“好起来了，谢天谢地。”
phrase: sing the praises of - express enthusiastic approval or admiration of. 唱赞歌。表达狂热的赞同或钦佩。
"Uncle Felix never stopped singing her praises"
preach
verb: deliver a sermon or religious address to an assembled group of people, typically in church. 向一群聚集的人发表布道或宗教演讲，通常是在教堂里。
verb: earnestly advocate (a belief or course of action). 非常热切的倡导（一种信念或行动方针）。
phrase: preach to the chair - advocate something to people who already share one's convictions about merits or importance. 宣扬某事对那些已经互相分享了关于优秀品质或重要性的信念的人们。
precede
verb: come before (something) in time, order, or position. 在时间，顺序，或位置上，在（某事）之前。
- preface or introduce something with. 作序或介绍某事。
precedent
noun: an earlier event or action that is regarded as an example or guide to be considered in subsequent similar circumstances. 较早的事件或行动被视为在随后的类似情况下应考虑的例子或指南，即先例。
adjective: preceding in time, order, or importance. 在时间，顺序，或重要性上领先。
precious
adjective: of great value; not to be wasted or treated carelessly.
"precious works of art"
greatly loved or treasured by someone.
"look after my daughter—she's very precious to me"
(INFORMAL) used for emphasis, often in an ironic context.
"you and your precious schedule—you've got to lighten up!"
adjective(DEROGATORY): affectedly concerned with elegant or refined behaviour, language, or manners.
"his exaggerated, precious manner"
noun: used as a term of address for a beloved person.
"don't be frightened, my precious"
phrase: precious few - extremely few (used for emphasis).
"you'll find precious few attractions open outside the tourist season"
phrase: precious little - extremely little (used for emphasis).
"police still know precious little about the dead man"
predator
noun: an animal that naturally preys on others. 天生捕食其他生物的动物，即掠食者。
noun: a person or group that ruthlessly exploits others. 无情地剥削他人的个人或团体。
- a company that tries to take over another. 试图兼并其他公司的公司。
predominance
noun: the state or condition of being greater in number or amount. 在数量上变得更多的状态或情况。
noun: the prossession or exertion of control or power. 对控制与权利的拥有与行使。
preface
noun: an introduction to a book, typically stating its subject, scope, or aims. 一本书的介绍，通常说明其主题，范围，或目标。
verb: provide (a book) with a preface. 为（一本书）提供序言。
prefrontal
adjective(ANATOMY): in or relating to the foremost part of the frontal lobe of the brain. （解剖学）在大脑额叶的最前面部分或与其有关的部分。
adjective(ZOOLOGY): relating to or denoting bone in front of the eye socket in some lower vertebrates (equivalent to part of the human ethmoid bone). （动物学）关于或表示某些低等脊椎动物眼窝前的骨头（相当于人类筛骨的一部分）。
noun(ZOOLOGY): a prefrontal bone. （动物学）前额骨。
prehistoric
- adjective: relating to or denoting the period before written records. 关于或表示有书面记录之前的时期，即史前的。
prelude
noun: an action or event serving as an introduction to something more important.
"a ceasefire had been agreed as a prelude to full peace negotiations"
noun: an introductory piece of music, most commonly an orchestral opening to an act of an opera, the first movement of a suite, or a piece preceding a fugue.
verb: serve as a prelude or introduction to.
"the bombardment preluded an all-out final attack"
premise
noun(LOGIC): a previous statement or proposition from which another is inferred or follows as a conclusion.
"if the premise is true, then the conclusion must be true"
an assertion or proposition which forms the basis for a work or theory.
"the fundamental premise of the report"
verb: base an argument, theory, or undertaking on.
"the reforms were premised on our findings"
state or presuppose (something) as a premise.
"one school of thought premised that the cosmos is indestructible"
(ARCHAIC) state by way of introduction.
"I will premise generally that I hate lecturing"
preoccupy
verb: (of a matter or subject) dominate or engross the mind of (someone) to the exclusion of other thoughts.
"his mother was preoccupied with paying the bills"
prescribe
verb: (of a medical practitioner) advise and authorize the use of (a medicine or treatment) for someone, especially in writing. （医生）为某人建议并授权使用（药物或治疗），尤其是书面上的。
verb: recommend (a substance or action) as something beneficial. 推荐（一种物质或行为）作为有益的东西。
verb: state authoritatively or as a rule that (an action or procedure) should be carried out. 权威地陈述或作为必须执行的行为或程序的规则。
prescription
noun: an instruction written by a medical practitioner that authorizes a patient to be issued with a medicine or treatment.
"he scribbled a prescription for tranquillizers"
noun: a recommendation that is authoritatively put forward.
"effective prescriptions for sustaining rural communities"
noun(LAW): the establishment of a claim founded on the basis of a long or indefinite period of uninterrupted use or of long-standing custom.
presence
noun: the state or fact of existing, occurring, or being present in a place or thing. 存在，发生，或被呈现在一个地方或东西中的状态或事实。
phrase: presence of mind - the ability to remain calm and take quick, sensible action. 保持冷静并采取快速，明智行为的能力。
press
verb: move or cause to move into a position of contact with something by exerting continuous physical force.
"he pressed his face to the glass"
verb: apply pressure to (something) to flatten, shape, or smooth it, typically by ironing.
"she pressed her nicest blouse"
verb: forcefully put forward (an opinion, claim, or course of action).
"Rose did not press the point"
verb(WEIGHTLIFTING): raise (a specified weight) by first lifting it to shoulder height and then gradually pushing it upward above the head.
verb(GOLF): try too hard to achieve distance with a shot, at the risk of inaccuracy.
noun: a device for applying pressure to something in order to flatten or shape it or to extract juice or oil.
"a flower press"
noun: a printing press.
noun: newspapers or journalists viewed collectively. 媒体（press conference 媒体发布会；go to the press 去向媒体曝光）。
"the press was notified"
noun: an act of pressing something.
"the system summons medical help at the press of a button"
noun(WEIGHTLIFTING): an act of raising a weight to shoulder height and then gradually pushing it above the head.
noun(SCOTTISH · IRISH): a large cupboard.
"the necessary linen was kept in a large press, and in another was the silver plate and several sets of china"
pressing
adjective: (of a problem, need, or situation) requiring quick or immediate action or attention. （关于问题，需求，或情况）需要迅速或立即采取行动或注意的。
noun: a record or other object made by the application of force or weight. 通过施加力量或重量而制成的唱片或其他物体。
pressure cooker
noun: an airtight pot in which food can be cooked quickly under steam pressure.
a highly stressful situation or assignment.
"the conformist pressure cooker of high school"
prestige
noun: widespread respect and admiration felt for someone or something on the basis of a perception of their achievements or quality.
"he experienced a tremendous increase in prestige following his victory"
presumptive
- adjective: of the nature of a presumption; presumed in the absence of further information. 关于推断的性质的；在没有进一步信息的情况下推测的。
pretentious
adjective: attempting to impress by affecting greater importance or merit than is actually possessed.
"pretentious art films"
pretty much
phrase: very nearly.
"the case is pretty much over"
prevail
verb: prove more powerful than opposing forces; be victorious.
"it is hard for logic to prevail over emotion"
be widespread or current in a particular area or at a particular time. (vi. 不及物动词，sth. prevail 无被动)
"an atmosphere of crisis prevails"
persuade (someone) to do something.
"she was prevailed upon to give an account of her work"
prevailing
adjective: existing at a particular time; current.
"the unfavourable prevailing economic conditions"
having most appeal or influence; prevalent.
"the prevailing mood within Whitehall circles"
prey
noun: an animal that is hunted and killed by another for food. 被其他动物猎杀作为食物的动物，即猎物。
- a person or thing easily injured or taken advantage of. 容易受伤或被利用的人或物。
verb: hunt and kill for food. 猎杀食物。
take advantage of; exploit or injure. 利用；剥削或伤害。
cause constant trouble and distress to. 造成持续的麻烦和困扰。
phrase: fall prey to - be hunted and killed by (an animal). 被（动物）猎杀。
prime
adjective: of first importance; main.
"her prime concern is the well-being of the patient"
adjective: of the best possible quality; excellent.
"prime cuts of meat"
adjective(MATHEMATICS): (of a number) evenly divisible only by itself and one (e.g., 2, 3, 5, 7, 11).
noun: a state or time of greatest strength, vigor, or success in a person's life.
"you're in the prime of life"
noun(CHRISTIAN CHURCH): a service forming part of the Divine Office, traditionally said (or chanted) at the first hour of the day (i.e., 6 a.m.), but now little used.
noun: a prime number.
noun(PRINTING): a symbol (ʹ) written after a letter or symbol as a distinguishing mark or after a figure as a symbol for minutes or feet.
noun(FENCING): the first of eight standard parrying positions.
noun: short for prime rate.
phrase: in one's prime - in the best, most successful, most productive stage.
"She was in the prime of her working life when she retired, but she continued as a consultant."
verb: make (something) ready for use or action.
prepare (a firearm or explosive device) for firing or detonation.
"he grabbed a gun from a nearby wall and primed it"
cover (a surface) with a preparatory coat of paint in order to prevent the absorption of subsequent layers of paint.
"prime the new timber before painting the sill"
pour or spray liquid into (a pump) before starting in order to seal the moving parts and facilitate its operation.
"ensure a sufficient head of water is available to prime the pump"
inject extra fuel into (the cylinder or carburetor of an internal combustion engine) in order to facilitate starting.
(of a steam engine or its boiler) mix water with the steam being passed into the cylinder.
(BIOCHEMISTRY) serve as a starting material for (a polymerization process).
"the oligonucleotide might prime DNA polymerase activity at multiple sites"
verb: prepare (someone) for a situation or task, typically by supplying them with relevant information.
"the sentries had been primed to admit him without challenge"
phrase: prime the pump — stimulate or support the growth or success of something by supplying it with money.
"capital from overseas that helps prime the US economic pump"
primacy
noun: the fact of being pre-eminent or most important. 卓越或非常重要的事实。
noun: the office, period of office, or authority of a primate of the Church. 教会大主教的职位、任期或权威。
noun(PSYCHOLOGY): the fact of an item having been presented earlier to the subject (especially as increasing its likelihood of being remembered). （心理学）一个条目已经被较早地展现给了主体（尤其是增加了它被记住的可能性）。
proclaim
- verb: announce offcially or publicly. 正式或公开宣布。
procreation
noun: the production of offspring; reproduction.
"in general animals copulate purely for the purpose of procreation"
profess
verb: claim that one has (a quality or feeling), especially when this is not the case. 宣称某人有（品质或感觉），尤其当情况并非如此时。
verb: affirm one's faith in or allegiance to (a religion or set of beliefs). 肯定某人的信仰或忠诚关于（宗教或一系列信仰）。
verb(ARCHAIC·HUMOROUS): teach (a subject) as a professor. （古老·幽默）作为教授，教授（一门学科）。
proficient
adjective: competent or skilled in doing or using something. 有能力的或熟练的在做或使用某事上，即精通。
noun(RARE): a person who is proficient. （稀有）精通某事的人。
profile
noun: an outline of something, especially a person's face, as seen from one side. 从一侧看某物的轮廓，尤其是人的脸（也指剖面等）。
noun: a short article giving a description of a person or organization. 描述个人或组织的简短文章。
noun: the extent to which a person or organization attracts public notice. 个人或组织吸引公众注意的程度。
high-profile
noun: a position attracting much attention or publicity. 吸引很多关注或宣传的位置。
adjective: attracting much attention or publicity. 吸引很多关注或宣传。
low-profile
noun: a position of avoiding or not attracting much attention or publicity. 避免或不吸引太多关注或宣传的位置。
adjective: avoiding attention or publicity. 避免关注或宣传。
adjective: (of an object) lower or slimmer than is usual for objects of its type. （物体）比同类物体更低或更细的。
noun: a graphical or other representation of information relating to particular characteristics of something, recorded in quantified form. 以量化形式记录的，与某物的特定特征有关的图形或其他形式的信息。
verb: describe (a person or organization, especially a public figure) in a short article. 用短文描述（人或组织，尤其是公众人物）。
verb: represent in outline from one side. 从一侧的轮廓来展示。
phrase: in profile - (in reference to someone's face) as seen from one side. （指某人的脸）被从一侧看。
profound
adjective: (of a state, quality, or emotion) very great or intense. （状态，品质，或感情）非常大或激烈。
adjective: (of a person or statement) having or showing great knowledge or insight. （人或陈述）具有或表现出丰富的知识或洞察力。
adjective(ARCHAIC): at, from, or extending to a great depth; very deep. 在，从，或延伸到很深的地方；很深的。
noun(LITERARY): the vast depth of the ocean or of the mind. 海洋或思想的巨大的深度。
program
noun: a set of related measures or activities with a particular long-term aim.
"an extensive programme of reforms"
noun: a series of coded software instructions to control the operation of a computer or other machine.
noun: a presentation or item on television or radio, especially one broadcast regularly between stated times.
"a nature programme"
noun: a sheet or booklet giving details of items or performers at an event or performance.
"a theatre programme"
verb: provide (a computer or other machine) with coded instructions for the automatic performance of a task.
"it is a simple matter to program the computer to recognize such symbols"
verb: arrange according to a plan or schedule.
"we learn how to programme our own lives"
verb(US): broadcast (an item).
"the station does not program enough contemporary works"
prolong
- verb: extend the duration of. 延长某事的期间。
prominent
adjective: important; famous.
"she was a prominent member of the city council"
adjective: projecting from something; protuberant.
"a man with big, prominent eyes like a lobster's"
adjective: situated so as to catch the attention; noticeable.
"the new housing developments are prominent landmarks"
promise
noun: a declaration or assurance that one will do a particular thing or that a particular thing will happen. 一个人将做某件特定的事或某件特定的事将会发生的声明或保证。
the quality of potential excellence. 潜在卓越的品质。
an indication that something specified is expected or likely to occur. 指定的某事预期或可能发生的迹象。
verb: assure someone that one will definitely do, give, or arrange something; undertake or delare that something will happen. 向某人保证绝对会做，给予，或安排某事；承诺或宣布某事将会发生。
verb: give good grounds for expecting (a particular occurrence or situation). 对期待的（特定事件或情况）提供良好的根据。
phrase: I promise - used for emphasis, especially so as to reassure, encourage, or threaten someone. 用于强调，尤其是用来安抚，鼓励，或威胁某人。
phrase: promise the moon - make extravagant promises that are unlikely to be fulfilled. 做出一个奢侈的承诺，这个承诺是不太可能被实现的。
phrase: promises, promises - used to indicate that the speaker is skeptical about someone's stated intention to do something. 用于表示说话者对某人陈述的做某事的意图持怀疑态度。
prone
adjective: likely or liable to suffer from, do, or experience something unpleasant or regrettable.
"farmed fish are prone to disease"
adjective: lying flat, especially face downwards.
"I was lying prone on a foam mattress"
verb(MEDICINE): turn (a patient) so as to lie face down for a period of time in order to improve the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs during mechanical ventilation.
"twice a day he was proned to try and get as much oxygen into his body as possible"
verb(US): drop into a prone position; lie face down.
"they searched him and told him to prone out on the ground next to his car"
pronounce
verb: make the sound of (a word or part of a word) in the correct or a particular way. 以正确或特定的方式发出（单词或单词一部分）的发音。
verb: declare or announce, typically formally, or solemnly. 宣布或宣称，通常是正式或庄严地。
- pass judgment or make a decision on. 作出判断或决定。
pronounced
- adjective: very noticeable or marked; conspicuous. 非常引人注意或明显的；显眼的。
pronouncement
noun: a formal or authoritative announcement or declaration.
"distrust of the pronouncements of politicians was endemic"
propaganda
noun: information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote a political cause or point of view.
"he was charged with distributing enemy propaganda"
propagate
verb: breed specimens of (a plant or animal) by natural processes from the parent stock.
"try propagating your own houseplants from cuttings"
verb: spread and promote (an idea, theory, etc.) widely.
"the French propagated the idea that the English were drunkards"
verb: (with reference to motion, light, sound, etc.) transmit or be transmitted in a particular direction or through a medium.
"electromagnetic effects can be propagated at a finite velocity only through material substances"
propensity
noun: an inclination or natural tendency to behave in a particular way.
"a propensity for violence"
proposal
noun: a plan or suggestion, especially a formal or written one, put forward for consideration or discussion by others.
"a set of proposals for a major new high-speed rail link"
noun: an offer of marriage.
"surely a woman as beautiful as you has had proposals?"
propose
verb: put forward (an idea or plan) for consideration or discussion by others.
"he proposed a new nine-point peace plan"
noun: make an offer of marriage to someone.
"I have already proposed to Sarah"
phrase: propose a toast - ask a group of people at a social occasion to drink to the health and happiness of a specified person.
I hereby propose a toast to the bride and groom
phrase: propose marriage - make an offer of marriage to someone.
proposition
noun: a statement or assertion that expresses a judgement or opinion. 表达判断或意见的陈述或断言。
"the proposition that all men are created equal"
noun: a suggested scheme or plan of action, especially in a business context. 建议的行动方案或计划，尤其是在商业环境中。
"a detailed investment proposition"
noun: a project, task , idea, etc. considered in terms of its likely success or difficulty. 一个项目，任务，想法等等。深思熟虑过其可能的成功或困难。
"a paper that has lost half its readers is unlikely to be an attractive proposition"
verb(INFORMAL): make a suggestion of sex to (someone), especially in an unsubtle way. 向（某人）提出性提议，尤其是直白的方式。
"she had been propositioned at the party by an accountant"
phrase: not a proposition - unlikely to succeed; not a viable option. 不太可能成功；不是可行选择。
prose
noun: written or spoken language in its ordinary form, without metrical structure.
"a short story in prose"
verb: talk tediously.
"prosing on about female beauty"
verb(DATED): compose in or convert into prose.
prospective
- adjective: (of a person) expected or expecting to be something particular in the future. （一个人）在将来被期望或期望成为某事。
provocative
adjective: causing annoyance, anger, or another strong reaction, especially deliberately.
"a provocative article"
arousing sexual desire or interest, especially deliberately.
"a provocative sidelong glance"
provoke
verb: stimulate or give rise to (a reaction or emotion, typically a strong or unwelcome one) in someone.
"the decision provoked a storm of protest from civil rights organizations"
stimulate or incite (someone) to do or feel something, especially by arousing anger in them.
"a teacher can provoke you into working harder"
deliberately make (someone) annoyed or angry.
"Rachel refused to be provoked"
prudent
adjective: acting with or showing care and thought for the future. 谨慎地行动或表现的谨慎并且考虑到未来。
"no prudent money manager would authorize a loan without first knowing its purpose"
prune
noun: a plum preserved by drying and having a black, wrinkled appearance.
noun(DEROGATORY·INFORMAL): an unpleasant or disagreeable person.
"he was a good leader, but a right miserable old prune"
verb: trim (a tree, shrub, or bush) by cutting away dead or overgrown branches or stems, especially to encourage growth.
"now is the time to prune roses"
noun: an instance of trimming a tree, shrub, or bush.
"they need little care other than an annual prune"
pteranodon
- noun: a large tailless pterosaur of the Cretaceous period, with a long toothless beak, a long bony crest, and a wingspan of up to 7m.
publication
- noun: the preparation and issuing of a book, journal, piece of music, or other work for public sale. 准备和发行书籍，期刊，音乐，或其他作品以供公开销售。
pundit
noun: an expert in a particular subject or field who is frequently called on to give opinions about it to the public.
"a globe-trotting financial pundit"
pupil
noun: a student in school. 小学学生。
noun: the dark circular opening in the center of the iris of the eye, varying in size to regulate the amount of light reaching the retina. 在眼睛虹膜中心的黑色圆形开口，大小可变以调节到达视网膜的通光量，即瞳孔。
Puritan
noun: a member of a group of English Protestants of the late 16th and 17th centuries who regarded the Reformation of the Church of England under Elizabeth as incomplete and sought to simplify and regulate forms of worship.
adjective: relating to the Puritans.
"a Puritan parliamentarian"
put down roots
phrase: (of a plant) begin to draw nourishment from the soil through its roots. （植物）开始通过根部从土壤中吸收养分。
phrase: (of a person) begin to have a settled life in a particular place. （某人）在特定的地方开始过安定的生活。
Q
quadruple
adjective: consisting of for parts or elements. 由四个部分或元素组成。
verb: increase or be increased fourfold. 增加或被增加四倍。
noun: a quadruple thing, number, or amount. 四倍的事物，数字或数量。
quaint
- adjective: attractively unusual or old-fashioned. 吸引人的不同寻常的或老式的。
qualify
verb: be entitled to a particular benefit or privilege by fulfilling a necessary condition.
"a pensioner who does not qualify for income support"
verb: become officially recognized as a practitioner of a particular profession or activity, typically by undertaking a course and passing examinations.
"the training necessary to qualify as a solicitor"
verb: make (a statement or assertion) less absolute; add reservations to.
"she felt obliged to qualify her first short answer"
verb(GRAMMAR): (of a word or phrase) attribute a quality to (another word, especially a preceding noun).
"the propositions have been qualified as heretical"
quick-witted
- adjective: showing or characterized by an ability to think or respond quickly and effectively. 表现出或具有快速有效地思考或反应的能力。
quirk
noun: a peculiar behavioral habit. 一种特殊的行为习惯。
a strange chance occurrence. 一个奇怪的偶然事件。
a sudden twist, turn, or curve. 一个突然的缠绕，转动，或弯曲。
noun(ARCHITECTURE): an acute hollow between convex or other moldings. （建筑学）一个锐角的空洞在凸形或其他形状间。
verb: (with reference to a person's mouth or eyebrow) move or twist suddenly. especially to express surprise or amusement. （指人的嘴或眉毛）突然移动或扭曲，尤指表示惊讶或好笑。
R
radical
adjective: (especially of change or action) relating to or affecting the fundamental nature of something; far-reaching or thorough. （尤其是变化或行动）关于或影响某事物的基本性质；深远的或彻底的，即激进的。
adjective: advocating or based on thorough or complete political or social change; representing or supporting an extreme or progressive section of a political party. 倡导或基于彻底的政治或社会变革；代表或支持极端或左倾部分的政党。
adjective(LINGUISTICS): denoting or relating to the roots of a word. （语言学）表示或关于词根。
adjective(MATHMATICS): of the root of a number or quantity. （数学）数或量的根。
adjective(BOTANY): of, or springing direct from, the root or stem base of a plant. （植物学）植物根或茎的或从植物根或茎直接冒出的。
adjective(INFORMAL·NORTH AMERICAN): very good; excellent. （非正式·北美）非常好；出色的。
noun: a person who advocates thorough or complete political or social reform; a member of a political party or part of a party pursuing such aims. 主张彻底的政治或社会改革的人；追求某些目标的政党成员或政党的一部分。
noun(CHEMISTRY): a group of atoms behaving as a unit in a number of compounds. 在一些化合物中表现为一个单元的一组原子。
noun: the root or base form of a wood. 形成树木的根或基本。
noun(MATHEMATICS): a quantity forming or expressed as the root of another. 形成或表达为另一个量的根的量。
rage
noun: violent uncontrollable anger.
"her face was distorted with rage"
noun: a vehement desire or passion.
"a rage for absolute honesty informs much western art"
noun(INFORMAL·AUSTRALIAN): a lively party.
"the sound of the rage filled the campus"
verb: feel or express violent uncontrollable anger.
"he raged at the futility of it all"
verb(INFORMAL): enjoy oneself at a party or other lively gathering, typically with drinking and music.
"we're gonna rage through the weekend"
rally
verb: (of troops) come together again in order to continue fighting after a defeat or dispersion.
"De Montfort's troops rallied and drove back the king's infantry"
verb: recover or cause to recover in health, spirits, or poise.
"he floundered for a moment, then rallied again"
verb: drive in a rally.
"we're driving off to Spain to rally"
noun: a mass meeting of people making a political protest or showing support for a cause.
"a rally attended by around 100,000 people"
noun: a long-distance race for motor vehicles over public roads or rough terrain, typically in several stages.
"a rally driver"
noun: a quick or marked recovery after a decline.
"the market staged a late rally"
noun: (in tennis and other racket sports) an extended exchange of strokes between players.
"a rally of more than three strokes was a rarity"
readily
adverb: without hesitation or reluctance; willingly. 没有犹豫或没有不情愿的；心甘情愿的。
- without delay or difficulty; easily. 没有延迟或困难；容易地。
reaffirm
verb: state again as a fact; assert again strongly.
"the prime minister reaffirmed his commitment to the agreement"
confirm the validity or correctness of (something previously established).
"the election reaffirmed his position as leader"
rear
noun: the back part of something, especially a building or vehicle.
"the kitchen door at the rear of the house"
adjective: at the back.
"the car's rear window"
phrase: bring up the rear — be at the very end of a line of people.
"I made the men walk in front while I brought up the rear"
verb: bring up and care for (a child) until they are fully grown, especially in a particular manner or place.
"he was born and reared in New York City"
verb: (of a horse or other animal) raise itself upright on its hind legs.
"the horse reared in terror"
(of a building, mountain, etc.) extend or appear to extend to a great height.
"houses reared up on either side"
(of a person) show anger or irritation; go on the attack.
"the press reared up in the wake of the bombings"
phrase: rear one's head — raise one's head.
recap
verb: state again as a summary; recapitulate.
"a way of recapping the story so far"
noun: a summary of what has been said; a recapitulation.
"a quick recap of the idea and its main advantages"
recipient
noun: a person or thing that receives or is awarded something. 接受或被授予某物的人或物。
"the recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize"
adjective: receiving or capable of receiving something. 接收的或能够接收某物的。
"a recipient country"
recitation
- noun: the action of repeating something aloud from memory. 从记忆中大声重复某事的动作，即背诵。
reckon
verb: establish by calculation. 通过计算确定。
verb: consider or regard in a specified way. 以特定的方式考虑。
verb(INFORMAL): be of the opinion. 形成观点。
phrase: a ... to be reckoned with - a thing or person that is not to be ignored or underestimated. 不可忽视或低估的事物或人。
phrase: reckon on - to feel that something is likely to happen and to make plans that depend upon it happening. 感觉某事很可能发生，并依据事情发生制定了计划，即预估。
phrase: reckon with - take something into account. 把某事考虑进去。
phrase: reckon without - fail to take something into account. 没有把某些事情纳入考虑。
recruiter
- noun: a person whose job is to enlist or enroll people as employees, in the armed forces, or as members of an organization. 在武装部队招募人员或为组织招聘雇员的人。
rectify
verb: put right; correct.
"mistakes made now cannot be rectified later"
verb: convert (alternating current) to direct current.
"the current from the transformers is rectified by high-voltage diodes"
verb(MATHEMATICS): find a straight line equal in length to (a curve).
"his methods of rectifying the cycloid"
verb(CHEMISTRY): purify or refine (a substance) by repeated or continuous distillation.
"butyl lactate was rectified, and the purified butyl lactate was sequentially hydrolysed"
recur
- verb: occur again periodically or repeatedly. 周期性或重复地再次发生。
redundancy
- noun: the state of being not or no longer needed or useful. 不或不再需要或有用的状态，即冗余。
referee
noun: an official who watches a game or match closely to ensure that the rules are adhered to and (in some sports) to arbitrate on matters arising from the play. 密切观看比赛以确保遵守规则并（在某些运动中）对比赛产生的事项进行仲裁的官员，即裁判。
noun: a person willing to testify in writing about the character or ability of someone, especially an applicant for a job. 愿意以书面形式证明某人的性格或能力的人，尤其是求职者，即推荐人。
verb: act as the referee of. 担任裁判员。
refutation
noun: the action of proving a statement or theory to be wrong or false.
"scientific theory is always tentative, open to refutation"
refute
verb: prove (a statement or theory) to be wrong or false; disprove.
"these claims have not been convincingly refuted"
prove that (someone) is wrong.
"his voice challenging his audience to rise and refute him"
deny or contradict (a statement or accusation).
"a spokesman totally refuted the allegation of bias"
regarding (= about)
preposition: in respect of; concerning.
"your recent letter regarding the above proposal"
regulate
- verb: control or maintain the rate or speed of (a machine or process) so that it operates properly. 控制或维持（机器或过程）以使正确运行，即调控。
reinforce
- verb: strengthen or support (an object or substance), especially with additional material. 加强或支持（物体或物质），尤其是用额外的材料。
relief
noun: a feeling of reassurance and relaxation following release from anxiety or distress. 从焦虑或痛苦中解脱出来后的一种安心和放松的感觉。
noun: assistance, especially in the form of food, clothing, or money, given to those in special need or difficulty. 帮助，尤其是以食物，衣服或金钱的形式，给予那些有特殊需要或困难的人。
noun: a person or group of people replacing others who have been on duty. 一个人或一群人代替其他当值的人。
noun: the state of being clearly visible or obvious due to being accentuated in some way. 由于以某种方式被突出而使之更清晰可见或明显的状态。
phrase: in relief - carved, molded, or stamped so as to stand out from the surface. 雕刻，模制，或冲压以使从表面突出。
phrase: on relief - receiving government assistance because of need. 因需要而接受政府援助。
relieve
verb: cause (pain, distress, or difficulty) to become less severe or serious. 导致（疼痛、痛苦，或困难）变得不那么严峻或严重。
verb: release (someone) from duty by taking their place. 释放（某人）从他的职责，通过代替他的位置的方式。
verb: take (a burden) from someone. 从某人身上拿走（负担）。
verb: make less tedious or monotonous by the introduction of variety or of something striking or pleasing. 使没有那么乏味或单调，通过引入多样性或引人注目或令人愉悦的事物的方式。
verb: urinate or defecate (used euphemistically). 小便或排便（委婉地使用）。
verb(ARCHAIC): make (something) stand out. 使（某物）脱颖而出。
reluctant
- adjective: unwilling and hesitant; disinclined. 不情愿和犹豫；不愿意的。
remark
verb: say something as a comment; mention. 说些事作为评论；提及。
verb: regard with attention; notice. 重视；注意。
noun: a written or spoken comment. 书面或口头评论。
remedy
noun: a medicine or treatment for a disease or injury. 治疗疾病或伤害的药物或疗法（也常指对抗或消除不良的方法）。
noun: the margin within which coins as minted may differ from the standard fineness and weight. 铸造的硬币与标准的精细度和重量的不同的量。
verb: set right (an undesirable situation). （不好的情况）设置回正确，即补救。
render
verb: provide or give (a service, help, etc.).
"money serves as a reward for services rendered"
verb: cause to be or become; make.
"the rains rendered his escape impossible"
verb: represent or depict artistically.
"the eyes and the cheeks are exceptionally well rendered"
verb: covertly send (a foreign criminal or terrorist suspect) for interrogation abroad; subject to extraordinary rendition.
verb: melt down (fat).
"the fat was being cut up and rendered for lard"
verb: cover (stone or brick) with a coat of plaster.
"external walls will be rendered and tiled"
noun: a first coat of plaster applied to a brick or stone surface.
renege
verb: go back on a promise, undertaking, or contract. (固定搭配 on)
"they have reneged on their promises to us"
another term for revoke (sense 2).
(ARCHAIC) renounce or abandon (someone or something).
"there's one of them, anyhow, that didn't renege him"
repel
verb: drive or force (an attack or attacker) back or away.
"they sought to repel the enemy with their machine guns"
(of a magnetic pole or electric field) force (something similarly magnetized or charged) away from itself.
"electrically charged objects attract or repel one another"
(of a substance) resist mixing with or be impervious to (another substance).
"boots with good-quality leather uppers to repel moisture"
verb: be repulsive or distasteful to.
"she was repelled by the permanent smell of drink on his breath"
verb(FORMAL): refuse to accept (something, especially an argument or theory).
"the alleged right of lien led by the bankrupt's attorney was repelled"
repertoire
noun: a stock of plays, dances, or items that a company or a performer knows or is prepared to perform.
the whole body of items that are regularly performed.
"the mainstream concert repertoire"
a stock of skills or types of behaviour that a person habitually uses.
"his repertoire of threats, stares, and gestures"
reproduce
verb: produce a copy of.
"his works are reproduced on postcards and posters"
verb: (of an organism) produce offspring by a sexual or asexual process.
"bacteria normally divide and reproduce themselves every twenty minutes"
reptile
noun: a vertebrate animal of a class that includes snakes, lizards, crocodiles, turtles, and tortoises. They are ddistinguished by having a dry scaly skin and typically laying soft-shelled eggs on land.
noun(DEROGATORY·INFORMAL): a person regarded with loathing and contempt.
"are you contradicting me, you ignorant little reptile?"
adjective: belonging to a reptile or to the class of reptiles.
"reptile eggs"
resent
- verb: feel bitterness or indignation at (a circumstance, action, or person). 对（情况，行为，或人）感到苦涩或愤慨。
resist
verb: withstand the action or effect of. 抵抗行为或影响。
noun: a resistant substance applied as a coating to protect a surface during some process, for example to prevent dye or glaze adhering. 抗性物质用作保护表面的涂层在某些过程中，例如防止染料或釉料粘附。
resort
noun: a place that is a popular destination for vacations or recreation, or which is frequented for a particular purpose. 受欢迎的度假或娱乐目的地，或为特定目的而经常光顾的地方。
noun: the action of turning to and adopting a strategy or course of action, especially a disagreeable or undesirable one, so as to resolve a difficult situation. 为解决困难的局面，转向或采取一种策略或行动方针的行为，尤其是令人不快或不受欢迎的。
verb: turn to and adopt (a strategy or course of action, especially a disagreeable or undesirable one) so as to resolve a difficult situation. 转向并采取（一种策略或方针，尤其是令人不快或不受欢迎的）以解决困难的情况。
verb(FORMAL): go often or in large numbers to. 经常去或大量前往。
phrase: as a first resort - before anything else is attempted. 在其他所有尝试之前，第一选择。
phrase: as a last resort - when all else has failed. 当其他所有都失败时，最后的办法。
phrase: in the last resort - ultimately. 最终。
phrase: lender of last resort - an institution, usually a country's central bank, that provides loans to banks or that are near collapse. 一个机构，通常是一个国家的央行，在银行接近破产时为其提供贷款。
respectively
- adverb: separately or individually and in the order already mentioned (used when enumerating two or more items or facts that refer back to a previous statement). 分开地或单独地并按照已经提及的顺序（用于当枚举两个或多个项目或事实，在之前陈述中提及的），即分别地（注意这个词永远后置于项目后，不可跟在动词前）。
resulting
adjective: occurring or following as the consequence of something.
"talk of a general election and the resulting political uncertainty"
retrospect
noun: a survey or review of a past course of events or period of time.
"a full retrospect of the battle"
phrase: in retrospect — when looking back on a past event or situation; with hindsight.
"perhaps, in retrospect, I shouldn't have gone"
reveal
verb: make (previously unknown or secret information) known to others. 使（先前未知或保密的信息）被其他人知道。
noun: (in a movie or television show) a final revelation of information that has previously been kept from the characters or viewers. （在电影或电视节目中） 先前对角色或观众保密的信息最终被揭示。
noun: either side surface of an aperture in a wall for a door or window. 在墙壁两面都有孔洞，以便于安装门或窗。
revival
noun: an improvement in the condition or strength of something.
"a revival in the fortunes of the party"
revise
verb: re-examine and make alterations to (written or printed matter).
"the book was published in 1960 and revised in 1968"
verb: reread work done previously to improve one's knowledge of a subject, typically to prepare for an examination.
"students frantically revising for exams"
noun(PRINTING): a proof including corrections made in an earlier proof.
"I handed in the revises this morning"
revive
- verb: restore to life or consciousness. 恢复生命或意识。
rex
noun: the reigning king (used following a name or in the titles of lawsuits, e.g. Rex v. Jones : the Crown versus Jones).
"a helmet boldly inscribed with the initials GR (George Rex) for George III"
noun: a cat, rabbit, or guinea pig of a breed with very fine short fur.
"the Cornish Rex is considered a good breed for those with allergies"
rhinoceros
- noun: a large, heavily built plant-eating mammal with one or two horns on the nose and thick folded skin, native to Africa and southern Asia. All kinds have become endangered through hunting.
righteous
adjective: (of a person or conduct) morally right or justifiable; virtuous. （人或行为）道德上正确或正当的；有德行的。
adjective(INFORMAL·US): very good; excellent. （非正式·美国）很好的；出色的。
rigid
adjective: unable to bend or be forced out of shape; not flexible. 无法弯曲或被迫变形；不灵活的。
adjective: not able to be changed or adapted. 无法改变或适应。
noun: a lorry which is not articulated. 没有铰链的货车。
rigorous
- adjective: extremely thorough, exhaustive, or accurate. 极其彻底，详尽，或准确的，即严苛的。
ritual
noun: a religious or solemn ceremony consisting of a series of actions performed according to a prescribed order.
"the role of ritual in religion"
the prescribed order of performing a ceremony, especially one characteristic of a particular religion or church.
"she likes the High Church ritual"
a series of actions or type of behavior regularly and invariably followed by someone.
"her visits to Joy became a ritual"
adjective: relating to or done as a religious or solemn rite.
"ritual burial"
(of an action) arising from convention or habit.
"the players gathered for the ritual pregame huddle"
rival
noun: a person or thing competing with another for the same objective or for superiority in the same field of activity. 为同一目标或为同一活动领域的优势而与其他方竞争的人或事务。
verb: be or seem to be equal or comparable to. 相等或看起来相等或可比。
rot
verb: (chiefly of animal or vegetable matter) decay or cause tto deay by the action of bacteria and fungi; decompose. （主要是动物或植物）在细菌和真菌的作用下腐烂或导致腐烂；分解。
noun: the process of decaying. 腐烂的过程。
noun(BRITISH): a process of deterioration; a decline in standards. 恶化的过程；标准的下降。(US) corruption on the part of officials.（美国）官员腐败。
noun(INFORMAL·BRITISH): nonsense; rubbish. 废话；垃圾。
phrase: the rot sets in. 腐败形成。
roughly
adverb: in a manner lacking gentleness; harshly or violently. 以一种缺乏温柔的方式；粗暴地或暴力地。
adverb: in a manner lacking refinement and precision. 以一种缺乏精细和准确的方式。
adverb: approximately. 大约。
round-the-clock (= phrase: around the clock)
adjective: lasting all day and all night.
"round-the-clock surveillance"
routine
noun: a sequence of actions regularly followed; a fixed program. "I settled down into a routine of work and sleep."
a set sequence in a performance, such as a dance and comedy act.
(COMPUTING) a sequence of instructions for performing a task that forms a program or distict part of one.
adjective: performed as part of a regular procedure rather than for a special reason.
"the principal insisted that this was just a routine annual drill"
verb(RARE): organize according to a routine.
"all had been routined with smoothness"
rubble
noun: waste or rough fragments of stone, brick, concrete, etc., especially as the debris from the demolition of buildings.
"two buildings collapsed, trapping scores of people in the rubble"
pieces of rough or undressed stone used in building walls, especially as filling for cavities.
"the tower is built of stone rubble faced with ashlar"
rule (ruling 裁决)
verb: exercise ultimate power or authority over (an area and its people).
"the region today is ruled by elected politicians"
verb: pronounce authoritatively and legally to be the case.
"an industrial tribunal ruled that he was unfairly dismissed from his job"
verb: make parallel lines across (paper).
"rule the pages horizontally and print the information within the rules."
verb: (of a price or a traded commodity with regard to its price) have a specified general level or strength.
"in the jutes section Indus and Pak Jute ruled firm"
rule in
- phrase: include something as a possibility. 包括某事作为一种可能。
rule out
- phrase: exclude something as a possibility. 排除某人或某事的可能性。
rut
noun: a long, deep track made by the repeated passage of the wheels of vehicles.
"a stretch of road made impassable by ruts, holes, or waterlogging"
noun: a habit or pattern of behaviour that has become dull and unproductive but is hard to change.
"the administration was stuck in a rut and was losing its direction"
noun: an annual period of sexual activity in deer and some other mammals, during which the males fight each other for access to the females.
"a moose in rut"
verb: (of a deer or other mammal) engage in the rut or annual period of sexual activity.
"researchers say the deer are rutting earlier"
(DEROGATORY) engage in promiscuous or indiscriminate sexual activity.
"if you want to smoke and cuss and rut and get completely drunk, then go for it"
S
sake
noun: for the purpose of; in the interest of; in order to achieve or preserve. 为了...的目的；为了...的利益；为了实现或保持。
noun: out of consideration for or in order to help someone. 出于对某人的考虑或为了帮助某人。
noun: used to express impatience, annoyance, urgency, or desperation. 用于表达不耐烦，烦躁，紧急，或绝望。
phrase: for the sake of - in order to. 为了。
phrase: for God's sake - an exclamation of anger, surprise, or impatience. 表示愤怒，惊讶，或不耐烦的感叹。
phrase: for old times' sake - in memory of former times; in acknowledgement of a shared past. 怀念以前的时光；承认共同的过去。
noun: a Japanese alcoholic drink made from fermented rice, traditionally drunk warm in small porcelain cups. 一种由发酵大米制成的日本酒精饮料，传统上是在小瓷杯中趁热饮用，即清酒。
saliva
- noun: watery liquid secreted into the mouth by glands, providing lubrication for chewing and swallowing, and aiding digestion.
sanction
noun: a threatened penalty for disobeying a law or rule.
"a range of sanctions aimed at deterring insider abuse"
noun: official permission or approval for an action.
"he appealed to the bishop for his sanction"
verb: give official permission or approval for (an action).
"the scheme was sanctioned by the court"
verb: impose a sanction or penalty on.
"foreigners in France illegally should be sent home, their employers sanctioned and border controls tightened up"
sandal
noun: a light shoe with either an openwork upper or straps attaching the sole to the foot. 一种轻便的鞋，要么是有镂空的鞋面，要么是将鞋底通过系带绑在脚上，即凉拖。
noun: short for sandalwood. 檀香木的缩写。
sanitary
- adjective: relating to the conditions that affect hygiene and health, especially the supply of sewage facilities and clean drinking water. 关于影响卫生和健康的条件，尤其是排污设施和清洁饮用水的供应。
saturate
verb: cause (something) to become thoroughly soaked with liquid so that no more can be absorbed. 使（某物）被液体彻底浸透，不能再吸收更多。（常见搭配 be saturated with）
cause (a substance) to combine with, dissolve, or hold the greatest possible quantity of another substance. 使（一种物质）结合，溶解，保有（另一种物质）尽可能多的量。
magnetize or charge (a substance or device) fully. 完全地磁化或充电（物质或设备）。
fill (something or someone) with something until no more can be held or absorbed. 用某物填充（某物或某人）直到不能容纳或吸收为止。
supply (a market) beyond the point at which the demand for a product is satisfied. 供应（市场）超过对产品需求的满足点。
overwhelm (an enemy target area) by concentrated bombing. 通过集中轰炸压倒（敌方目标区域）。
noun: a saturated fat. 饱和脂肪。
adjective: saturated with moisture. 充满水分。
savage
adjective: (of an animal or force of nature) fierce, violent, and uncontrolled. （动物或自然力量）凶猛的，暴力的，不受控制的。
adjective: cruel and vicious; aggressively hostile. 残忍恶毒，充满敌意。
adjective: (of something bad or negative) very great; severe. （对坏的或消极的事情）程度非常大；严重的。
adjective(OFFENSIVE·DATED): (of a person or group) primitive and uncivilized. （攻击性的·过时的）（对个人或群体）原始的和未开化的。
noun: a brutal or vicious person. 残暴恶毒的人。
noun(OFFENSIVE·DATED): a member of a people regarded as primitive and uncivilized. （攻击性的·过时的）被视为原始未开化的民族的成员。
noun(HERALDRY): a representation of a bearded and semi-naked man with a wreath of leaves. （纹章）画着一个留着胡须的半裸男子穿着树叶制成的花环。
verb: (especially of a dog or wild animal) attack ferociously and maul. （尤其是狗或野生动物）凶猛地攻击和打伤。
verb: subject to a vicious verbal attack; criticize brutally. 受到恶毒的语言攻击；粗暴地批判。
scanty
adjective: small or insufficient in quantity or amount. 在量或数上少或不足。
noun(INFORMAL): brief underpants. （非正式）短内裤。
scapegoat
noun: a person who is blamed for the wrongdoings, mistakes, or faults of others, especially for reasons of expediency. 因他人的不当行为、错误或过失而受到指责的人，尤其是出于权宜之计的原因。
noun: (in the Bible) a goat sent into the wilderness after the Jewish chief priest had symbolically laid the sins of the people upon it(Lev. 16). （在圣经中）一只山羊被送去旷野，在犹太大祭司象征性地将人类的罪孽归咎于它后（利未记 16）。
verb: make a scapegoat of. 做替罪羊。
scarlet
adjective: of a brilliant red color.
"a mass of scarlet berries"
noun: a brilliant red color.
"papers lettered in scarlet and black"
scarlet clothes or material.
"silk awnings of brilliant scarlet"
scholar
- noun: a specialist in a particular branch of study, especially the humanities; a distinguished academic. 特定研究分支的专家，尤其是在人文学科；杰出的学者。
scoop
noun: a utensil resembling a spoon, with a long handle and a deep bowl, used for removing powdered, granulated, or semisolid substances (such as ice cream) from a container.
"the powder is packed in tubs in which a measuring scoop is provided"
noun(INFORMAL): a piece of news published by a newspaper or broadcast by a television or radio station in advance of its rivals.
"reporters at the city's three tabloid papers usually compete for scoops"
verb: pick up and move (something) with a scoop.
"Philip began to scoop grain into his bag"
verb(INFORMAL): publish a news story before (a rival reporter, newspaper, or radio or television station).
"time and again we have scooped our rivals with the top stories and pictures"
screw
noun: a short, slender, sharp-pointed metal pin with a raised helical thread running round it and a slotted head,used to join things together by being rotated so that it pierces wood or other material and is held tightly in place. 一种短的，细的，尖头的金属针，被凸起螺旋线环绕并有着开槽的顶部。用于通过旋转将物品连接起来，旋转是为了穿透木头或其他材料，并紧紧地固定在适当的位置，即螺丝。
noun: an act of turning a screw or other object having a thread. 转动螺丝或其他有螺纹的物体的动作。
noun(INFORMAL): a prisoner's derogatory term for a warder. （非正式）囚犯对看守的贬意。
noun(VULGAR SLANG): an act or instance of having sex. （粗俗的俚语）发生性关系的行为或实例。
noun(DATED·INFORMAL) an amount of salary or wages. （过时的·非正式）一定数额的薪水或工资。
noun(INFORMAL·ARCHAIC): a mean or miserly person. （非正式·古老）一个刻薄或吝啬的人。
noun(INFORMAL·BRITISH): （非正式·英国）一匹精疲力尽的马。
verb: fasten or tighten with a screw or screws. 用一个或多个螺钉固定或拧紧。
verb(INFORMAL): cheat or swindle (someone), especially by charging them too much for something. （非正式）欺骗或欺诈（某人），尤其是对某事向他们收取过高的费用时。
verb(VULGAR SLANG): have sex with. 与某人发生性关系。
scribble
verb: write or draw (something) carelessly or hurriedly. 不细心或匆忙地书写或绘画某物。
noun: a piece of writing or a picture produced carelessly or hurriedly. 粗心或匆忙地产出的一段文字或一副画。
verb: card (wool, cotton, etc.) coarsely. 粗略地梳理（羊毛，棉花，等等）。
scrutinize
verb: examine or inspect closely and thoroughly.
"customers were warned to scrutinize the small print"
secular
adjective: denoting attitudes, activities, or other things that have no religious or spiritual basis.
"secular buildings"
adjective(CHRISTIAN CHURCH): (of clergy) not subject to or bound by religious rule; not belonging to or living in a monastic or other order.
adjective(ASTRONOMY): of or denoting slow changes in the motion of the sun or planets.
adjective(ECONOMICS): (of a fluctuation or trend) occurring or persisting over an indefinitely long period.
"there is evidence that the slump is not cyclical but secular"
adjective: occurring once every century or similarly long period (used especially in reference to celebratory games in ancient Rome).
noun: a secular priest.
seeth
verb: (of a liquid) bubble up as a result of being boiled. （液体）由于沸腾而冒泡。
(ARCHAIC) cook (food) by boiling it in a liquid. （古老）将（食物）放入液体中煮沸。
(of a person) be filled with intense but unexpressed anger. （一个人）充满强烈但未表达的愤怒。
(of a place) be crowded with people or things moving about in a rapid or hectic way. （一个地方）挤满了以快速或忙碌的方式移动的人或事物。
(of a crowd of people) move in a rapid or hectic way. （一群人）以快速或忙碌的方式移动。
sensational
adjective: causing great public interest and excitement. 引起公众极大的兴趣和兴奋。
adjective(INFORMAL): very good indeed; very impressive or attractive. 确实非常好；非常令人印象深刻或有吸引力。
sequester (sequestrate)
verb: isolate or hide away.
"Tiberius was sequestered on an island"
verb: take legal possession of (assets) until a debt has been paid or other claims have been met.
"the power of courts to sequester the assets of unions"
verb(CHEMISTRY): form a chelate or other stable compound with (an ion, atom, or molecule) so that it is no longer available for reactions.
"non-precipitating water softeners use complex phosphates to sequester calcium and magnesium ions"
noun(US): a general cut in government spending.
"if the budget deal hadn't gone through, there would have been a sequester of at least $100 billion"
sermen
- noun: a talk on a religious or moral subject, especially one given during a church service and based on a passage from the Bible.
serve
verb: perform duties or services for (another person or an organization). 为（其他人或组织）履行职责或服务。
verb: present (food or drink) to someone. 提供（食物或饮料）给某人。
verb(LAW): deliver (a document such as a summons or writ) in a formal manner to the person to whom it is addressed. 以正式的方式向收件人交付（传票或令状等文件）。
verb: be of use in achieving or satisfying. 有助于实现或满足。
verb: (in tennis and other racket sports) hit the ball or shuttlecock to begin play. （在网球或其他球拍运动中）击球或羽毛球来开始比赛。
verb(NAUTICAL): bind (a rope) with thin cord to protect or strengthen it. （航海）绑（绳子）用细的绳索来保护或加强它。
verb(MILITARY): operate (a gun). （军队）操作（枪）。
noun: (in tennis and other racket sports) an act of hitting the ball or shuttlecock to start play. （在网球和其他球拍运动中）击球或羽毛球来开始比赛的动作。
phrase: if my memory serves me - if I remember correctly. 如果没记错的话。
phrase: serve at table - serve people with food or drink. 为人们提供食物或饮料。
phrase: serve someone right - be someone's deserved punishment or misfortune. 是某人应得的惩罚或不幸。
phrase: serve one's time - hold office for the normal period. 正常任职期间（如工作，学徒，或服刑）。
phrase: serve two masters - take orders from two superiors or follow two conflicting or opposing principles or policies at the same time. 听从两个上级的命令或同时遵循两个互相冲突或对立的原则或政策。
phrase: serve out - win the final game of a set or match while serving. 在发球时赢下一局或一场比赛的最后一球。
phrase: serve up - present food or drink to someone. 向某人提供食物或饮料。
setback
noun: a reversal or check in progress. 在进程中的逆转或阻碍，即挫折。
noun(ARCHITECTURE): a plain, flat offset in a wall. （建筑）墙上平整的壁架。
noun(NORTH AMERICAN): the distance by which a building or part of a building is set back from the property line. （北美）建筑或建筑物的一部分后退到建筑线后的距离。
settle
verb: resolve or reach an agreement about (an argument or problem). 解决或就（争论或问题）达成协议。
verb: pay (a debt or account). 支付（债务或记账）。
verb: adopt a more steady or secure style of life, especially in a permanent job and home. 采用更稳定或更安全的生活方式，尤其是在固定工作和家庭中。
verb: sit or come to rest in a comfortable position. 以舒适的姿势坐下或休息。
phrase: settle one's affairs - make any necessary arrangements, such as writing a will, before one's death. 在死前做任何必要的安排，例如写遗嘱。
noun: a wooden bench with a high back and arms, typically incorporating a box under the seat. 带高背和扶手的木制长凳，通常在座椅下方装有一个盒子。
shell
noun: the hard protective outer case of a mollusc or crustacean.
"cowrie shells"
noun: an explosive artillery projectile or bomb.
"the sound of the shell passing over, followed by the explosion"
noun: something resembling or likened to a shell because of its shape or its function as an outer case.
"pasta shells"
noun: the metal framework of a vehicle body.
noun: a light racing boat.
noun: an inner or roughly made coffin.
noun: the hand guard of a sword.
noun(PHYSICS): each of a set of orbitals around the nucleus of an atom, occupied or able to be occupied by electrons of similar energies.
noun(COMPUTING): short for shell program.
verb: bombard with shells.
"several villages north of the security zone were shelled"
verb: remove the shell or pod from (a nut or seed).
"they were shelling peas"
phrase: shell out - pay a specified amount of money, especially an amount that is resented as being excessive.
"she ended up shelling out for two rooms"
shipper
- noun: a person or company that sends or transports goods by sea, land, or air. 通过海运，陆运或空运发出或运送货物的个人或公司，即托运人。
shot
noun: the firing of a gun or cannon. 枪或大炮的射击。
noun: a hit, stroke, or kick of the ball in sports such as basketball, tennis, or golf. 在篮球，网球，或高尔夫等运动中击球。
noun: a ball of stone or metal used as a missile fired from a large gun or cannon. 一种石头或金属球，用作从大炮发射出的导弹。
noun: a photograph. 一张照片。
noun: a small drink, especially of distilled liquor. 一小杯饮品，尤其是指蒸馏酒。
a single serving of espresso. 一份浓缩咖啡。
an injection of a drug or vaccine. 一针药物或疫苗。
noun: the launch of space rocket. 太空火箭的发射。
phrase: give it one's best shot - do the best that one can. 尽某人最大努力去做。
phrase: like a shot - without hesitation; willingly. 没有犹豫；心甘情愿。
phrase: not by a long shot - by no means. 一点也不，当然不是。
phrase: a shot in the arm - an encourageing stimulus. 令人鼓舞的刺激。
adjective: (of colored cloth) woven with a warp and weft of different colors, giving a contrasting iridescent effect when looked at from different angles. （彩色的布）用不同颜色的经线和纬线编织而成，从不同角度看会产生对比鲜明的彩虹效果。
adjective(INFORMAL): ruined or worn out. （非正式）毁坏或磨损。
phrase: be/get shot of - be/get rid of. 摆脱。
phrase: shot to pieces - badly damaged; ruined. 严重受损；毁了。
phrase: shot through with - suffused with (a particular feature or quality). 弥漫（特定的特征或品质）。
noun(DATED·INFORMAL): a bill or one's share of it, especially in a pub or bar. 账单或其中一部分，尤其是在酒馆或酒吧。
shove
verb: push (someone or something) roughly.
"they started pushing and shoving people out of the way"
noun: a strong push.
"she gave him a hefty shove and he nearly fell"
phrase: get the shove - be dismissed from a job.
"we all knew that if he got the shove, the unions would be called in one minute later"
phrase: give someone the shove - dismiss someone from a job.
"if he cannot back up such madness, then they have to give him the shove"
phrase: shove off - go away.
"shove off—you're bothering the customers"
phrase: shove up - move oneself to make room for someone.
"“Shove up, then,” he said, nudging me"
shriek
verb: utter a high-pitched piercing sound or words, especially as an expression of terror, pain, or excitement.
"the audience shrieked with laughter"
verb: a high-pitched piercing cry or sound; a scream.
"shrieks of laughter"
shrink
verb: become or make smaller in size or amount. 在尺寸或数量上变得更小。
verb: move back or away, especially because of fear or disgust. 后退或离开，尤其是因为恐惧或厌恶。
noun(INFORMAL): a psychiatrist. 精神科医生。
sigh
verb: emit a long, deep, audible breath expressing sadness, relief, tiredness, or a similar feeling.
"Harry sank into a chair and sighed with relief"
noun: a long, deep, audible exhalation expressing sadness, relief, tiredness, or a similar feeling.
"she let out a long sigh of despair"
silver lining
- noun: a consoling or hopeful prospect. 令人欣慰或充满希望的前景。
skeptical (sceptical) (固定搭配 be skeptical of)
adjective: not easily convinced; having doubts or reservations. 不能轻易确信；持有怀疑态度或有所保留。
adjective(PHILOSOPHY): relating to the theory that certain knowledge is impossible. （哲学）关于某些知识是不可能的理论。
slack
adjective: not taut or held tightly in position; loose. 没有拉紧或没有紧紧固定在位置上；松动的。
adjective: (of business) characterized by a lack of work or activity; quiet. （商业上）以缺乏工作或活动为特征的；安静的。
adjective: having or showing laziness or negligence. 有或表现出懒惰或疏忽。
adjective: (of a tide) neither ebbing nor flowing. （潮汐）既不退潮，也不流动。
noun: the part of a rope or line which is not held taut; the loose or unused part. 绳子或线没有拉紧的部分；松弛或未使用的部分。
noun: a spell of inactivity or laziness. 无所事事或懒惰。
noun: casual trousers. 休闲裤。
verb: loosen (something, especially a rope). 松开（某物，尤其是绳子）。
verb: decrease or reduce in intensity, quantity, or speed. 在强度，数量，或速度上减少或降低。
verb(INFORMAL·BRITISH): workslowly or lazily. 缓慢或懒惰地工作。
verb: slake (lime). （生石灰）遇水反应。
adverb: loosely. 松散地。
phrase: cut someone some slack - allow someone some leeway in their conduct. 允许某人在他们的行为上有一定的余地。
phrase: pick up the slack - use up a surplus or improve the use of resources to avoid an undesirable lull in business. 用完盈余或改善资源的使用，以避免业务出现不良停滞。
noun: coal dust or small pieces of coal. 煤粉或小煤块。
slam
verb: shut (a door, window, or lid) forcefully and loudly.
"he slams the door behind him as he leaves"
noun: a loud bang caused by the forceful shutting of something such as a door.
"the back door closed with a slam"
noun(INFORMAL·NORTH AMERICAN): prison.
"if he challenged the judge, he was definitely going to the slam"
noun(US): a poetry contest in which competitors recite their entries and are judged by members of the audience, the winner being elected after several elimination rounds.
"a poetry slam"
noun(BRIDGE): a grand slam (all thirteen tricks) or small slam (twelve tricks), for which bonus points are scored if bid and made.
slant
verb: slope or lean in a particular direction; diverge or cause to diverge from the vertical or horizontal.
"a plowed field slanted up to the skyline"
verb: present or view (information) from a particular angle, especially in a biased or unfair way.
"everybody slants their research, whether they admit it or not"
noun: a sloping position.
"the hedge grew at a slant"
noun: a particular point of view from which something is seen or presented.
"a new slant on science"
adjective: sloping.
"slant pockets"
sling(past tense/past participle: slung)
verb: suspend or arrange (something), especially with a strap or straps, so that it hangs loosely in a particular position.
"a hammock was slung between two trees"
verb(INFORMAL·BRITISH): casually throw or fling.
"sling a few things into your knapsack"
verb(INFORMAL·AUSTRALIAN): pay a bribe or gratuity.
"they didn't forget to sling when the backhanders came in"
slip
verb: (of a person or animal) slide unintentionally. for a short distance, typically losing one's balance or footing. （人或动物）无意中滑了一小段距离，通常是失去平衡或失足。
"I slipped on the ice"
(of a thing) accidentally slide or move out of position or from someone's grasp. （某物）不小心滑出或移出位置或从某人的手中滑出。
"the envelope slipped through Luke's fingers"
fail to grip or make proper contact with a surface. 无法抓住或正确接触表面。
"the front wheels began to slip"
verb: go or move quietly or quickly, without attracting notice. 安静或快速地走或移动，没有引起注意的。
"we slipped out by a back door"
put (something) in a particular place or position quietly, quickly, or stealthily. 安静，迅速，或偷偷地把（某物）放在一个特定的地方或位置。
"she slipped the map into her pocket"
put on (a garment) quickly and easily. 迅速并容易地穿上一件衣服。
"Sarah slipped into a red jacket"
take off (a garment) quickly and easily. 迅速并容易地脱掉一件衣服。
"in the bathroom she quickly slipped out of her clothes"
verb: pass or change to lower, worse, or different condition, typically in a gradual or imperceptible way. 到达或改变到更低，更差，或不同的条件，通常以逐渐或难以察觉的方式。
"many people feel standards have slipped"
verb: escape or get loose from (a means of restraint). 逃脱或摆脱（束缚的手段）。
"the giant balloon slipped its moorings"
noun: an act of sliding unintentionally for a short distance. 无意识地滑动一小段距离的行为。
"a single slip could send them plummeting down the mountainside"
noun: a fall to a lower level or standard. 下降到较低的水平或标准。
"a continued slip in house prices"
a minor or careless mistake. 一个小的或粗心的错误。
"the judge made a slip in his summing up"
noun: a woman's loose-fitting, dress- or skirt- length undergarment, suspended by shoulder straps (full slip) or by an elasticized waistband (half slip). 一种女性的宽松，连衣裙或短裙长度的内衣，通过肩带（全衬）或弹性腰带（半衬）悬挂，即内衬。
"a silk slip"
noun: a slope built leading into water, used for launching and landing boats and ships or for building and repairing them. 入水而建的斜坡，供船舶上下水或为建造和修理他们。
"he brought his steamer to the yard for overhaul at his old employer's slip"
noun: a leash which enables a dog to be released quickly. 使狗很快能被放开的皮带。
"Tommy bolted off like a greyhound released from the slips"
noun(KNITTING): short for slip stitch. （针织）跳针的缩写。
"one color at a time should be knitted in striped slip"
phrase: give someone the slip - evade or escape from someone. 逃避或逃离某人。
"we gave them the slip at the station"
phrase: let something slip - reveal something inadvertently in the course of a conversation. 在谈话过程中不经意地透露一些东西。
"Alex had let slip he was married"
phrase: slip through one's fingers (slip from one's grasp) - (of something important or worthwhile) be lost, especially as a result of carelessness or lack of effort. （重要或有价值的东西）丢失，尤指由于粗心或不努力导致的。
"the police let him slip through their fingers"
phrase: slip of the pen - aminor mistake in writing. 写作中的一个小错误。
"the errors in question are rather more than slips of the pen"
phrase: slip of the tongue - a minor mistake in speech. 言语中的一个小错误。
"it was a slip of the tongue of the kind that does happen during live broadcasts"
phrase: slip one over on someone - take advantage of someone by trickery. 以诡计占某人便宜。
"they slipped one over on us"
proverb: there's many a slip 'twixt cup and lip - many things can go wrong between the start of a project and its completion; nothing is certain until it has happened. 在项目开始和完成之间可能会出现很多问题；在事情发生前，没什么是确定的。
phrase: slip away - depart without saying goodbye; leave quietly or surreptitiously. 不辞而别；悄悄或偷偷离开。
"I slipped away from the guided tour"
phrase: slip in - smoothly insert a remark into a conversation. 顺畅地在对话中插入评论。
"she slipped in a question about the length of time he'd been working on the assignment"
phrase: slip out - (of a remark) be uttered inadertently. （评论）不经意间说出。
"the question slipped out before I'd considered the wisdom of it"
phrase: slip up - make a careless error. 犯一个粗心的错误。
"they often slipped up when it came to spelling"
noun: a small piece of paper, typically a form for writing on or one giving printed information. 一小张纸，通常是一种用于书写或提供打印信息的表格。
"his monthly salary slip"
noun: a cutting taken from a plant for grafting or planting; a scion. 为嫁接或种植而从植物上截取的一段；一个幼芽，接班人。
phrase: pink slip - notice of dismissal. 解雇通知书。
phrase: a slip of a sb. - used to denote a small, slim person. 用于表示一个小而苗条的人。
"you are little more than a slip of a girl"
noun: a creamy mixture of clay, water, and typically a pigment, used especially for decorating earthenware. 粘土，水和通常是颜料的乳状混合物，尤其用于装饰陶器。
"details not carved into the clay were secured with slip"
slug
noun: a tough-skinned terrestrial mollusk which typically lacks a shell and secretes a film of mucus for protection. It can be a serious plant pest.
noun: a slow, lazy person; a sluggard.
noun: an amount of an alcoholic drink, typically liquor, that is gulped or poured.
"he took a slug of whiskey"
noun: an elongated, typically rounded piece of metal.
"the reactor uses embedded slugs of uranium"
noun: a line of type in Linotype printing.
noun(COMPUTING): a part of a URL which identifies a particular page on a website in a form readable by users.
"writers can edit the slug that will become an article or page URL"
verb: drink (something, typically alcohol) in a large draft; swig.
"she picked up her drink and slugged it straight back"
verb(INFORMAL·NORTH AMERICAN): strike (someone) with a hard blow.
"he was the one who'd get slugged"
settle a dispute or contest by fighting or competing fiercely.
"they went outside to slug it out"
noun: a hard blow.
sluggish
adjective: slow-moving or inactive.
"a sluggish stream"
lacking energy or alertness.
"Alex woke late feeling tired and sluggish"
slow to respond or make progress.
"the car had been sluggish all morning"
sly
adjective: having or showing a cunning and deceitful nature. 具有或表现出狡猾攻诡诈的本性。
adjective: (of a remark, glance, or facial expression) showing in an insinuating way that one has some secret knowledge that may be harmful or embarrassing. （评论，一瞥，或面部表情）以暗示的方式表示某人拥有一些可能有害或令人尴尬的秘密信息。
adjective: (of an action) surreptitious. （动作）偷偷摸摸的。
phrase: on the sly - in a secretive fashion. 以秘密的方式。
smorgasbord
noun: a range of open sandwiches and delicacies served as hors d'oeuvres or a buffet.
a wide range of something; a variety. 大杂烩。
"the album is a smorgasbord of different musical styles"
sober
adjective: not affected by alcohol; not drunk.
adjective: serious, sensible, and solemn.
"a sober view of life"
verb: make or become sober after drinking alcohol.
"that coffee sobered him up"
make or become more serious, sensible, and solemn.
"his expression sobered her"
phrase: as sober as a judge — completely sober.
solely
- adverb: not involving anyone or anything else; only. 不涉及其他任何人或任何事；仅仅。
so much as
- idiom: but rather. 反而。
soothe
verb: gently calm (a person or their feelings).
"a shot of brandy might soothe his nerves"
reduce pain or discomfort in (a part of the body).
"to soothe the skin try chamomile or thyme"
relieve or ease (pain).
"it contains a mild anesthetic to soothe the pain"
sophisticated
adjective: having, revealing, or involving a great deal of worldly experience and knowledge of fashion and culture. 拥有，揭示，或涉及大量关于时尚和文化的世俗经验和知识。
adjective: (of a machine, system, or technique) developed to a high degree of complexity. （机器，系统，技术）发展到高度复杂。
sort
noun: a category of things or people having some common feature; a type. 具有某些共同特征的一类事物或人；一种。
"if only we knew the sort of people she was mixing with"
(INFORMAL) a person of a specified nature. 具有特定性质的人。
"Frank was a genuinely friendly sort"
noun(COMPUTING): the arrangement of data in a prescribed sequence. 按规定顺序排列的数据。
noun(ARCHAIC): a manner or way. （古老）一种态度或方式。
noun(PRINTING): a letter or piece in a font of type. 字体类型的字母或片段。
verb: arrange systematically in groups; separate according to type, class, etc. 系统性地分组在安排上；根据类型，类别等分开。
"the mail was sorted"
look at (a group of things) one after another in order to classify them or make a selection. 一个接一个地看（一组事物），以便对它们进行分类或做出选择。
"she sat down and sorted through her mail"
verb(INFORMAL): resolve (a problem or difficulty). （非正式）解决（问题或困难）。
"the problem with the engine was soon sorted"
phrase: after a sort - after a fashion. 在一定程度上，但不完美或不令人满意。
phrase: in some sort - to a certain extent. 在某种程度上。
"I am in some sort indebted to you"
phrase: nothing of the sort - used as an emphatic way of denying permission or refuting an earlier statement or assumption. 用作拒绝许可或反驳先前陈述或假设的强调方式。
"“I'll pay.” “You'll do nothing of the sort.”"
phrase: of sorts/a sort - of an atypical and typically inferior type. 属于非典型且通常较差的类型。
"the training camp actually became a tourist attraction of sorts"
phrase: out of sorts - slightly unwell. 轻微不适。
"she's been feeling nauseous and generally out of sorts"
phrase: sort of - to some extent; in some way or other (used to convey inexactness or vagueness). 在某种程度上；以某种方式（用于表达不准确或模糊）。
"“Do you see what I mean?” “Sort of,” answered Jean cautiously"
phrase: the ... sort - the kind of person likely to do or be involved with the thing specified. 可能做或参与指定事情的人的类型。
"she'd never imagined Steve to be the marrying sort"
phrase: sort out - arrange things systematically in groups or according to type. 系统地分组或按类型安排事务。
"she sorted out the clothes, some to be kept, some to be thrown away"
sound
noun: vibrations that travel through the air or another medium and can be heard when they reach a person's or animal's ear. 通过空气或其他介质传播并在到达人或动物的耳朵时可以听到的振动。
noun: sound produced by continuous and regular vibrations, as opposed to noise. 连续并有规律的振动产生的声音，与噪音相反。
noun: music, speech, and sound effects when recorded, used to accompany a film or video production, or broadcast. 录制的音乐，演讲，和声音效果，用于伴随电影或视频制作或广播。
noun: the ideas or impressions conveyed by words. 说话传达的想法或印象。
verb: emit or cause to emit sound. 发出或导致发出声音。
verb: convey a specified impression when heard. 当听到时表达具体的印象。
phrase: sound off - express one's opinion in a loud or forceful manner. 大声或有力地表达自己的意见。
adjective: in good condition; not damaged, injured, or diseased. 状态良好；没有损坏，受伤，或患病。
adjective: based on reason, sense, or judgment. 基于理性，感觉，或判断的。
adjective: (of sleep) deep and undisturbed. （睡眠）深度且不受干扰的。
adjective: severe. 严重的。
adverb: soundly. 深度且不受干扰地。
verb: ascertain (the depth of water), typically by means of a line or pole or using sound echoes. 确定（水的深度），通常通过线或杆或使用回声的方式。
verb: question (someone), typically in a cautious or discreet way, as to their opinions or feelings on a subject. 询问（某人），通常以谨慎或慎重的方式，关于某个主题的意见或感受。
verb: (especially of a whale) dive down steeply to a great depth. （尤其是鲸鱼）急剧下潜到很深的地方。
noun: a long surgical probe, typically with a curved, blunt end. 一种长的手术探针，通常带有弯曲的，钝的末端。
noun: a narrow stretch of water forming an inlet or connecting two wider areas of water such as two seas or a sea and a lake. 形成入海口或连接两个更宽的水域，例如两片海或一片海和一个湖，的狭窄水域。
sovereignty
- noun: supreme power or authority. 最高权力或权威。常指国家主权。
span
noun: the full extent of something from end to end; the amount of space that something covers. 某事物从一端到另一端的全部范围；某物覆盖的空间量，即跨度。
verb: (of a bridge, arch, etc.) extend from side to side of. （桥梁，拱门等）从一边延伸到另一边，即横跨。
noun(NAUTICAL): a rope with its ends fastened at different points to a spar or other object in order to provide a purchase. 一根绳子，其末端在不同的点上固定在桅杆或其他物体上，以提供购买。
noun(NORTH AMERICAN): a matched pair of horses, mules, or oxen. 配对的马、骡子或牛。
phrase: spick and span - spotlessly clean and well looked after. 一尘不染，并照看得很好。
sparse
adjective: thinly dispersed or scattered.
"areas of sparse population"
scanty; in short supply.
"information on earnings is sparse"
specialty (speciality)
noun: a pursuit, area of study, or skill to which someone has devoted much time and effort and in which they are expert. 追求，研究领域，或技能，是某人花费大量时间和精力并成为专家的。
a product, especially a type of food, which a person or region is famous for making well. 一个产品，尤其是一种食物，一个人或地区在制作这个产品上很出名。
meeting particular tastes or needs. 满足特别的口味或需求。
noun: a branch of medicine or surgery. 医学或外科的一个分支。
noun(LAW): a contract under seal. （法律）盖章的合同。
specification
noun: an act of identifying something precisely or of stating a precise requirement. 精确识别某物或精确陈述要求的行为。
noun: a detailed description of the design and materials used to make something. 用于制作某物的设计和材料的详细描述。
spectacle
noun: a visually striking performance or display. 视觉上引人注目的表现或展示。
noun: an event or scene regarded in terms of its visual impact. 在视觉影响方面被看待的事件或场景。
phrase: make a spectacle of oneself - draw attention to oneself by behaving in a ridiculous way in public. 通过在公众场合的荒唐表现，将注意力吸引到某人身上。
spectacles
- noun(BRITISH): another term for glasses. （英国）眼镜的另一种说法。
spell
verb: write or name the letters that form (a word) in correct sequence. 以正确的顺序写出或称呼形成（单词）的字母。
verb: be a sign or characteristic of. 是某事物的标志或特征，即表示，预示。
phrase: spell out - speak the letters that form a word in sequence. 按顺序说出组成单词的字母。
noun: a form of words used as a magical charm or incantation. 一种用作魔法魔力或咒语的词语。
phrase: under a spell - not fully in control of one's thoughts and actions, as though in a state of enchantment. 无法完全控制自己的思想和行为，好像处于魔法状态。
phrase: under someone's spell - so devoted to someone that they seem to have magic power over one. 对某人非常忠诚以至于他们似乎像是对某人有魔力。
noun: a short period. 短暂的时间。
verb(NORTH AMERICAN): allow (someone) to rest briefly by taking their place in some activity. （北美）允许（某人）短暂休息，当在某项活动中忙碌的时候。
noun: a splinter of wood. 一片木头。
split second
noun: a very brief moment of time.
"for a split second, I hesitated"
split-second
adjective: very rapid or accurate. （常见用法：split-second decision 瞬间的决定）
"split-second timing is crucial"
spoil
verb: diminish or destroy the value or quality of.
"I wouldn't want to spoil your fun"
verb: harm the character of (someone, especially a child) by being too lenient or indulgent.
"the last thing I want to do is spoil Thomas"
verb: be extremely or aggressively eager for.
"Cooper was spoiling for a fight"
verb(ARCHAIC): rob (a person or a place) of goods or possessions by force or violence.
"the enemy entered into Hereford, spoiled and fired the city, and razed the walls to the ground"
noun: goods stolen or taken forcibly from a person or place.
"the looters carried their spoils away"
noun: waste material brought up during the course of an excavation or a dredging or mining operation.
spoiler
noun: a description of an important plot development in a television show, movie, or book which if previously known may reduce surprise or suspense for a first-time viewer or reader.
noun: a person or thing that spoils something.
noun: a flap on the wing of an aircraft that can be projected in order to create drag and so reduce speed.
noun: an electronic device for preventing unauthorized copying of sound recordings by means of a disruptive signal inaudible on the original.
spontaneous
- adjective: performed or occurring as a result of a sudden inner impulse or inclination and without premeditation or external stimulus. 表现或发生，因为突然的内在冲动或倾向并没有预谋或外部刺激，即即兴的，自发的。
spook
noun(INFORMAL): a ghost. 鬼。
noun(INFORMAL·NORTH AMERICAN): a spy. 间谍。
verb(INFORMAL): frighten; unnerve. 吓唬；不安。
spot
noun: a small round or roundish mark, differing in color or texture from the surface around it.
"ladybugs have black spots on their red wing covers"
noun: a particular place or point.
"a nice secluded spot"
noun(INFORMAL·BRITISH): a small amount of something.
"a spot of rain"
noun: denoting a system of trading in which commodities or currencies are delivered and paid for immediately after a sale.
"trading in the spot markets"
noun: short for spotlight.
noun(INFORMAL·NORTH AMERICAN): a banknote of a specified value.
"a ten-spot"
noun(SOUTH AFRICAN): a bar or other drinking establishment (usually in a private home in a township) that operates without an official permit.
"her father was at the spot with his friends"
verb: see, notice, or recognize (someone or something) that is difficult to detect or that one is searching for.
"Andrew spotted the ad in the paper"
verb: mark with spots.
"the velvet was spotted with stains"
verb: place (a billiard ball or football) on its designated starting point.
verb(INFORMAL·NORTH AMERICAN): give or lend (money) to (someone).
"I'll spot you $300"
phrase: hit the spot - be exactly what is required.
"the cup of coffee hit the spot"
phrase: in a spot - in a difficult situation.
phrase: on the spot - without any delay; immediately.
"he offered me the job on the spot"
phrase: put someone on the spot - force someone into a situation in which they must make a difficult decision or answer a difficult question.
spot-on
adjective: exactly correct or accurate.
"Schools were told their exam information had to be spot-on and accurate."
spotlight
noun: a lamp projecting a narrow, intense beam of light directly on to a place or person, especially a performer on stage. 一种将窄而强的光束直接投射到某个地方或人，尤其是舞台上的表演者的灯，即聚光灯。
verb: illuminate with a spotlight. 用聚光灯照亮。
- direct attention to (a particular problem or situation). 引导注意力到（一个特定的问题或情况），即聚焦，强调。
sprint
verb: run at ful speed over a short distance. 在短距离内全速奔跑。
noun: an act or short spell of running at full speed. 全速的动作或短暂奔跑。
noun: (especially in software development) a set period of time during which specific tasks must be completed. （尤其是在软件开发中）必需完成特定任务的一段时间。
spur
noun: a device with a small spike or a spiked wheel that is worn on a rider's heel and used for urging a horse forward.
noun: a thing that prompts or encourages someone; an incentive.
"profit was both the spur and the reward of enterprise"
noun: a projection from a mountain or mountain range.
"it's an easy walk up the spur that leads to the summit"
verb: urge (a horse) forward by digging one's spurs into its sides.
"she spurred her horse towards the hedge"
verb: give an incentive or encouragement to (someone).
"her sons' passion for computer games spurred her on to set up a software business"
verb: prune in (a side shoot of a plant) so as to form a spur close to the stem.
"spur back the lateral shoots"
phrase: on the spur of the moment — on impulse; without planning in advance.
"I don't generally do things on the spur of the moment"
squeeze
verb: firmly press (something soft or yielding), typically with one's fingers. 用力按压（柔软或易弯折的东西），通常使用手指。
verb: manage to get into or through a narrow or restricted space. 设法进入或穿过狭窄或受限的空间。
verb: obtain (something) from someone with difficulty. 困难地从某人那里得到（某物）。
noun: an act of pressing something with one's fingers. 用手指按压某物的行为。
noun: a strong financial demand or pressure, typically a restriction on borrowing, spending, or investment in a financial crisis. 强烈的金融需求或压力，通常是在金融危机中限制借贷，支出或投资。
noun: a molding or cast of an object, or an impression or copy of a design, obtained by pressing a piable substance around or over it. 物体的模型或铸件，或设计的印模或复制品，通过将柔软的物质压在其周围或上方而获得。
noun(DATED·INFORMAL): a person's girlfriend or boyfriend. （过时的·非正式）一个人的女朋友或男朋友。
noun(BASEBALL): an act of bunting a ball in order to enable a runner on third base to start for home as soon as the ball is pitched. 击打球的行为，以使三垒的跑垒员在投出球后立即回家。
phrase: put the squeeze on - coerce or pressure (someone). 胁迫或给压力（某人）。
phrase: squeeze one's eyes shut - close one's eyes tightly. 紧紧地闭上眼睛。
phrase: squeeze in - manage to find time for someone or something. 设法为某人或某事腾出时间。
phrase: squeeze off - shoot a round or shot from a gun. 射击或用枪射击。
phrase: squeeze out - extract liquid or a soft substance from something by compressing or twisting it firmly. 通过用压力或紧紧扭转从某物中提取液体或柔软的物质。
phrase: squeeze up - move closer to someone or something so that one is pressed tightly against them or it. 靠近某人或某物，以便将某人紧紧地压在他们或某物上。
stain
verb: mark (something) with colored patches or dirty marks that are not easily removed.
"her clothing was stained with blood"
damage or bring disgrace to (the reputation or image of someone or something).
"the awful events would unfairly stain the city's reputation"
verb: color (a material or object) by applying a penetrative dye or chemical.
"wood can always be stained to a darker shade"
noun: a colored patch or dirty mark that is difficult to remove.
"there were mud stains on my shoes"
a thing that damages or brings disgrace to someone or something's reputation.
"he regarded his time in jail as a stain on his character"
noun: a penetrative dye or chemical used in coloring a material or object.
stake
noun: a strong wooden or metal post with a point at one end, driven into the ground to support a tree, form part of a fence, act as a boundary mark, etc. 一根粗壮的木头或金属的一端有点的柱子，插入地面以支撑一棵树，或形成栅栏的一部分，或用作边界标记等。
noun: a metalworker's small anvil, typically with a projection for fitting into a socket on a bench. 金属工人的小铁砧，通常带有一个突出部分用于安装在工作台的插座中。
noun: a territorial division of the Mormon Church under the jurisdiction of a president. 总统管辖权下摩门教的领土划分。
verb: support (a plant) with a stake or stakes. 用一根或几根桩子支撑（植物）。
"the gladioli were staked in gaudy ranks"
phrase: pull up stakes - move or go to live elsewhere. 搬家或去别的地方生活。
"his father wrangled with a foreman and the family pulled up stakes"
phrase: stake a claim - assert one's right to something. 主张某人对某事的权利。
"the batsman staked a claim for a place in the side"
phrase: stake out - mark an area with stakes so as to claim ownership of it. 用桩标记一个区域，以声称拥有它。
"the boundary between the two ranches was properly staked out"
noun: a sum of money or something else of value gambled on the outcome of a risky game or venture. 一笔金钱或其他有价值的东西赌在有风险的比赛或冒险的结果上。
"playing dice for high stakes"
a share or interest in a business, situation, or system. 在商业，环境，或系统中的股份或权益。
"GM acquired a 50 percent stake in Saab"
prize money, especially in horse racing. 奖金，尤其是赛马。
a horse race. 赛马比赛。
"the horse is to run in the Lexington Stakes"
a situation involving competition in a specified area. 在特定领域竞争的情况。
"we will keep you one step ahead in the fashion stakes"
verb: gamble (money or something else of value) on the outcome of a game or race. 对比赛或竞赛的结果进行赌博（金钱或其他有价值的东西）。
"one gambler staked everything he'd got and lost"
verb(INFORMAL·NORTH AMERICAN): give financial or other support to. 给予财政或其他支持。
"he staked him to an education at the École des Beaux-Arts"
phrase: at stake - to be won or lost; at risk. 可能赢或输；有风险。
"people's lives could be at stake"
stakeholder
noun: (in gambling) an independent party with whom each of those who make a wager deposits the money or conters wagered. （在赌博中）一个独立的一方，每个下注的人都向其存钱或对抗其赌注，即庄家。
noun: a person with an interest or concern in something, especially a business. 对某事（尤其是企业）有兴趣或关心的人，即股东，利益相关者。
stalk
noun: the main stem of herbaceous plant. 草本植物的主干、主茎。
verb:
pursue or approach stealthily. 偷偷接近或追击。
stride somewhere in a proud, stiff or angry manner. 以骄傲、僵硬或愤怒的态度大步迈向某处。
noun:
a stealthy pursuit of someone or something. 对某人或某事的偷偷追踪。
a stiff, striding gait. 僵硬或大步的步态。
stamina
- noun: the ability to sustain prolonged physical or mental effort. 维持长时间体力或脑力劳作的能力，即耐力，体力。
stampede
noun: a sudden panicked rush of a number of hourses, cattle, or other animals.
"the herd was fleeing back to the high land in a wild stampede"
verb: (of horses, cattle, or other animals) rush wildly in a sudden mass panic.
"the nearby sheep stampeded as if they sensed impending danger"
stand alone
phrase: be unequaled.
"when it came to fun, Julia stood alone"
stand-alone
adjective: (of computer hardware or software) able to operate independently of other hardware or software.
"a stand-alone application"
startle
verb: cause (a person or animal) to feel sudden shock or alarm. 使（人或动物）感到突然的震惊或惊慌。
"a sudden sound in the doorway startled her"
statesman
- noun: a skilled, experienced, and respected political leader or figure. 一个熟练，经验丰富，且受人尊敬的政治领袖或人物。
stay put
phrase: (of a person or object) remain somewhere without moving or being moved.
"she told Clarissa to stay put"
steep
adjective: (of a slope, flight of stairs, angle, ascent, etc.) rising or falling sharply; nearly perpendicular.
"she pushed the bike up the steep hill"
adjective(INFORMAL): (of a price or demand) not reasonable; excessive.
"a steep membership fee"
noun(LITERARY): a steep mountain slope.
"hair-raising steeps"
verb: soak (food or tea) in water or other liquid so as to extract its flavor or to soften it.
"the chilies are steeped in olive oil"
soak or saturate (cloth) in water or other liquid.
"sheets were steeped in mercury sulfate as a disinfectant"
verb: surround or fill with a quality or influence.
"a city steeped in history"
steer
verb: (of a person) guide or control the movement of (a vehicle, vessel, or aircraft), for example by turning a wheel or operating a rudder.
"he steered the boat slowly toward the busy quay"
noun(INFORMAL): a piece of advice or information concerning the development of a situation.
"the need for the school to be given a clear steer as to its future direction"
phrase: steer clear of — take care to avoid or keep away from.
"his program steers clear of prickly local issues"
noun: a male domestic bovine animal that has been castrated and is raised for beef.
"a prize-winning steer has been auctioned for a record-setting amount"
stem
noun: the main body or stalk of a plant or shrub, typically rising above ground but occasionally subterranean. 植物或灌木的主体或茎，通常长出地面，但偶尔会在地下。
noun: a long, thin supportive or main section of something. 某物的细长支撑或主要部分。
"the main stem of the wing feathers"
noun(GRAMMAR): the root or main part of a noun, adjective, or other word, to which inflections or formative elements are added. （语法）名词，形容词，或其他词的词根或主要部分，词形变化或形成元素被加在其上。
- (ARCHAIC·LITERARY) the main line of descent of a family or nation. （古老·文学）家庭或国家血统的主线。
noun: the main upright timber or metal piece at the bow of a ship, to which the ship's sides are joined. 船首的主要直立木料或金属块，船舷与之相连。
"the spines and bow stems of abandoned hulks"
noun(INFORMAL·US): a pipe used for smoking crack or opium. （非正式·美国）用来吸可卡因或鸦片的管子。
verb: originate in or be caused by. 起源于或由于。
"many of the universities' problems stem from rapid expansion"
- stem from 固定搭配介词 from.
verb: remove the stems from (fruit or tobacco leaves). 去除（水果或烟叶）的茎。
"her aunt and her mother were stemming currants on the side porch"
verb: (of a boat) make headway against (the tide or current). （船）逆着（潮汐或洋流）前进。
"if the wind will only freshen a little, we shall be able to stem the first of the flood"
phrase: from stem to stern - from the front to the back, especially of a ship. 从前到后，尤其是船。
"surges of water rocked their boats from stem to stern"
verb: stop or restrict (the flow of something). 停止或限制（某物的流动）。
"a nurse did her best to stem the bleeding"
stop the spread or development of (something undesirable).
"an attempt to stem the rising tide of unemployment"
verb(SKIING): slide the tail of one ski or both skis outward in order to turn or slow down. 将一个或两个滑雪板的尾部向外滑动，以便转弯或减速。
"I side-slipped at first, grew tired of it, and stemmed for a while"
stereotype
noun: a widely held but fixed and oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person or thing.
"the stereotype of the woman as the carer"
noun: a relief printing plate cast in a mold made from composed type or an original plate.
verb: view or represent as a stereotype.
"the city is too easily stereotyped as an industrial wasteland"
steward
noun: a person who looks after the passengers on a ship, aircraft, or train and brings them meal. 在轮船，飞机，或火车上照顾乘客并为他们送餐的人。
noun: a person responsible for supplies of food to a college, club, or other institution. 负责向大学，俱乐部或其他机构提供食物的人。
noun: an official appointed to supervise arrangements or keep order at a large public event, for example a sporting event. 被任命监督大型公共活动（例如体育赛事）安排或维持秩序的官员。
noun: short for shop steward. 工会代表的简写。
noun: a person employed to manage another's property, especially a large house or estate. 受雇管理他人财产的人，尤其是大房子或庄园。
verb: (of an official) supervise arrangements or keep order at (a large public event). （官员）监督安排或维持秩序在（大型公共活动中）。
verb: manage or look after (another's property). 管理或照看（他人的财产）。
still
adjective: not moving or making a sound.
"the still body of the young man"
(of air or water) undisturbed by wind, sound, or current; calm and tranquil.
"her voice carried on the still air"
noun: deep silence and calm; stillness.
"the still of the night"
noun: an ordinary static photograph as opposed to a motion picture, especially a single shot from a movie.
"film stills"
adverb: up to and including the present or the time mentioned; even now (or then) as formerly.
"he still lives with his mother"
referring to something that will or may happen in the future.
"we could still win"
adverb: nevertheless; all the same.
"I'm afraid he's crazy. Still, he's harmless"
adverb: even (used with comparatives for emphasis).
"write, or better still, type, captions for the pictures"
verb: make or become still; quieten.
"she raised her hand, stilling Erica's protests"
phrase: still and all - nevertheless; even so.
phrase: still small voice - the voice of one's conscience (with reference to 1 Kings 19:12).
phrase: still waters run deep - a quiet or placid manner may conceal a more passionate nature.
noun: an apparatus for distilling alcoholic drinks such as whiskey.
"the fermented solution is moved into large copper stills for the distilling"
stir
verb: move a spoon or other implement around in (a liquid or other substance) in order to mix it thoroughly. 移动勺子或其他工具在（液体或其他物质）中，以便能彻底混合。
verb: move or cause to move slightly. 移动或引起轻微移动。
verb: arouse strong feeling in (someone); move or excite. 引起（某人）强烈的感情；感动或兴奋。
stirring
adjective: causing great excitement or strong emotion; rousing. 引起极大的兴奋或强烈的情绪的；振奋人心的。
adjective(ARCHAIC): moving briskly; active. （古老）轻快地移动；积极的。
noun: an initial sign of activity, movement, or emotion. 活动，运动，或情绪的最初迹象。
stomp
verb: tread heavily and noisily, typically in order to show anger. 沉重而嘈杂地践踏，通常为了表达愤怒。
noun: (in jazz or popular music) a tune or song with a fast tempo and a heavy beat. （在爵士乐或流行乐中）快节奏且重节拍的曲调或歌曲。
strain
verb: force (a part of one's body or oneself) to make a strenuous or unusually great effort. 强迫（身体的一部分或自己）做出艰苦的或异常巨大的努力。
"I stopped and listened, straining my ears for any sound"
make an unusually great effort.
"his voice was so quiet that I had to strain to hear it"
injure (a limb, muscle, or organ) by overexerting it.
"on cold days you are more likely to strain a muscle"
make severe or excessive demands on.
"he strained her tolerance to the limit"
pull or push forcibly at something.
"the bear strained at the chain around its neck"
stretch (something) tightly.
"the barbed wire fence was strained to posts six feet high"
(ARCHAIC) embrace (someone) tightly.
"she strained the infant to her bosom again"
verb: pour (a mainly liquid substance) through a porous or perforated device or material in order to separate out any solid matter. 倾倒（主要是液体物质）通过多孔或穿孔的装置或材料，以分离出任何固体物质。
"strain the custard into a bowl"
noun: a force tending to pull or stretch something to an extreme or damaging degree. 倾向于牵拉或拉伸某物到极端或损坏程度的力。
"the usual type of chair puts an enormous strain on the spine"
noun: a servere or excessive demand on the strength, resources, or abilities of someone or something. 对某人或某物的力量，资源，或能力的严重或过度需求。
"the accusations put a strain on relations between the two countries"
noun: the sound of a piece of music as it is played or performed. 一段音乐在播放或演奏时的声音。
"the distant strains of the brass band grew louder"
phrase: at strain - using the utmost effort. 尽最大努力。
noun: a particular breed, stock, or variety of an animal or plant. 动物或植物的特定品种、种群或品种。
noun: a particular tendency as part of a person's character. 作为人性格一部分的特殊倾向。
"there's a strain of Victorian rectitude in him"
stress
noun: pressure or tension exerted on a material object. 施加在材料物体上的压力或张力。
noun: a state of mental or emotional strain or tension resuilting from adverse or demanding circumstances. 一种精神上或情绪上的紧张状态，由不利或严苛的情况造成。
noun(BIOLOGY): physiological disturbance or damage caused to an organism by adverse circumstances. （生物学）由不利环境对生物体造成的生理上的干扰与损害。
noun: particular emphasis or importance. 特别的强调或重点。
verb: give particular emphasis or importance to (a point, statement, or idea) made in speech or writing. 对演讲或写作中的（观点，陈述或想法）给予特别的强调或重视。
verb: subject to pressure or tension. 承受压力或紧张。
verb: cause mental or emotional strain or tension in. 导致精神或情绪紧张。
strike (注意过去式不是 stroke 是 struck)
verb: hit forcibly and deliberately with one's hand or a weapon or other implement. 用手或武器或其他工具强行故意地击打。
"he raised his hand, as if to strike me"
inflict (a blow).
"the armies assembled but never struck a blow"
accidentally hit (a part of one's body) against something.
"she fell, striking her head against the side of the boat"
come into forcible contact or collision with.
"he was struck by a car in Whitepark Road"
(of a beam or ray of light or heat) fall on (an object or surface).
"the light struck her ring, reflecting off the diamond"
(in sporting contexts) hit or kick (a ball).
"he struck the ball into the back of the net"
produce (a musical note) by pressing or hitting a key.
verb: (of a disaster, disease, or other unwelcome phenomenon) occur suddenly and have harmful or damaging effects on. （灾难，疾病，或其他不受欢迎的现象）突然发生并产生有害或破坏性影响。
"a major earthquake struck the island"
carry out an aggressive or violent action, typically without warning.
"it was eight months before the murderer struck again"
cause (someone) to be in a specified state.
"he was struck dumb"
verb: (of a thought or idea) come into the mind of (someone) suddenly or unexpectedly. （一个想法或主意）突然地或意外地出现在（某人）的脑海中。
"a disturbing thought struck Melissa"
cause (someone) to have a particular impression.
"it struck him that Marjorie was unusually silent"
find particularly interesting, noticeable, or impressive.
"Lucy was struck by the ethereal beauty of the scene"
(INFORMAL) be deeply fond of or infatuated with.
"she was rather struck on Angus, wasn't she?"
verb: (of a clock) indicate the time by sounding a chime or stroke. （钟表）通过发出钟声或敲击声来指示时间。
"the church clock struck twelve"
(of time) be indicated by a clock sounding a chime or stroke.
"eight o'clock struck"
verb: ignite (a match) by rubbing it briskly against an abrasive surface. 点燃（火柴）通过在粗糙表面轻快地摩擦的方式。
"the match went out and he struck another"
produce (fire or a spark) as a result of friction.
"his iron stick struck sparks from the pavement"
bring (an electric arc) into being.
"heat is generated by an electric arc struck between two graphitic electrodes"
verb: (of employees) refuse to work as a form of organized protest, typically in an attempt to obtain a particular concession or concessions from their employer. （雇员）拒绝工作以有组织的抗议的形式，通常是为了从雇主那里获得特定的让步。
"workers may strike over threatened job losses"
(NORTH AMERICAN) undertake strike action against (an employer).
"photoengravers voted to strike the New York Times"
verb: cancel, remove, or cross out with or as if with a pen. 用钢笔或其他取消，删除，或划掉。
"I will strike his name from the list"
verb: make (a coin or medal) by stamping metal. 通过冲压金属制造（硬币或奖章）。
"they struck similar medals on behalf of the Normandy veterans"
(in cinematography) make (another print) of a film.
"the film was reissued on a new print struck from the old negative"
verb: reach, achieve, or agree to (something involving agreement, balance, or compromise). 达成，实现，或同意（涉及协议，平衡，或妥协的事情）。
"the team has struck a deal with a sports marketing agency"
(in financial contexts) reach (a figure) by balancing an account.
"last year's loss was struck after allowing for depreciation of £67 million"
(CANADIAN) form (a committee).
"the government struck a committee to settle the issue"
verb: discover (gold, minerals, or oil) by drilling or mining. 发现（黄金，矿物，或石油）通过钻探或挖矿的方式。
"if they do strike oil, there will be another test well in a year's time"
come to or reach.
"several days out of the village, we struck the Gilgit Road"
verb: move or proceed vigorously or purposefully. 大力地或有目的地移动或前进。
"she struck out into the lake with a practised crawl"
verb: take down (a tent or the tents of an encampment). 拆除（营地的帐篷）。
"it took ages to strike camp"
dismantle (theatrical scenery).
"the minute we finish this evening, they'll start striking the set"
lower or take down (a flag or sail), especially as a salute or to signify surrender.
"the ship struck her German colours"
verb: insert (a cutting of a plant) in soil to take root. 插入（修剪过的植物）到土壤以便生根。
"best results are obtained from striking them in a propagator"
(of a plant or cutting) develop roots.
"small conifers will strike from cuttings"
(of a young oyster) attach itself to a bed.
"there is no better surface for the spat to strike on than another oyster"
verb(FISHING): secure a hook in the mouth of a fish by jerking or tightening the line after it has taken the bait or fly. 在鱼上钩后，通过猛拉或拉紧鱼线，将鱼钩固定在鱼嘴中。
noun: a refusal to work organized by a body of employees as a form of protest, typically in an attempt to gain a concession or concessions from their employer. 由一群雇员组织的拒绝工作，作为一种抗议的形式，通常是为了从雇主那里获得让步。
"dockers voted for an all-out strike"
an organized refusal to do something expected or required, with a similar aim.
"a rent strike"
noun: a sudden attack, typically a military one. 突然袭击，通常是军事袭击。
"the threat of nuclear strikes"
(in sporting contexts) an act of hitting or kicking a ball.
"his 32nd-minute strike helped the team to end a run of three defeats"
(in tenpin bowling) an act of knocking down all the pins with one's first ball.
(FISHING) an act or instance of jerking or tightening the line to secure a fish that has already taken the bait or fly.
noun: a discovery of gold, minerals, or oil by drilling or mining. 通过钻探或采矿对黄金，矿物，或石油的发现。
"the Lena goldfields strike of 1912"
noun(BASEBALL): a pitch that is counted against the batter, in particular one that the batter swings at and misses, or that passes through the strike zone without the batter swinging, or that the batter hits foul (unless two strikes have already been called). A batter accumulating three strikes is out. 对击球手进行计数的投掷，特别是击球手挥击但未命中，或未挥击就通过了击球区，或击球手击球犯规（除非两次击打已经被调用）。击球手累积三击出局。
noun: the horizontal or compass direction of a stratum, fault, or other geological feature. 地层，断层，或其他地质特征的水平或罗盘方向。
"the mine workings follow the strike of the Bonsor Vein"
noun: short for fly strike. 动物感染蝇蛆的简写形式。
phrase: strike a pose - hold one's body in a particular position to create an impression. 将自己的身体保持在特定位置以产生印象。
"striking a dramatic pose, Antonia announced that she was leaving"
phrase: strike a blow against - do something to hinder a cause, belief, or principle. 做某事来阻碍事业，信念，或原则。
"hopes that the dispute would strike a blow against censorship initially ran high"
phrase: strike a blow for - do something to help a cause, belief, or principle. 做某事来帮助事业，信念，或原则。
"victory in this dispute would strike a blow for all those on low pay"
phrase: strike gold - discover gold during the course of drilling or mining. 在钻探或采矿过程中发现黄金。
"as miners explored further, they struck gold in other nearby areas"
phrase: strike hands - (of two people) clasp hands to seal a deal or agreement. （两个人）握手以达成交易或协议。
"come, Miss Marianne, let us strike hands upon the bargain"
phrase: strike it lucky - have good luck in a particular matter. 在特定的事情上有好的运气。
"Middlesbrough struck it lucky when they chose McClaren last summer"
phrase: strike it rich - acquire a great deal of money, typically in a sudden or unexpected way. 获得大量金钱，通常以突然或意想不到的方式获得。
"he struck it rich when a distant cousin left him $8 million"
phrase: strike a light - used as an expression of surprise, dismay, or alarm.
"cor, strike a light, he's a crazy geezer and no mistake!"
phrase: strike while the iron is hot - make use of an oppotunity immediately. 立即利用机会。
phrase: strike me lucky/pink - used to express astonishment or indignation. 用于表示惊讶或愤慨。
phrase: strike back - retaliate. 报复。
"he struck back at critics who claim he is too negative"
phrase: strike down - kill or seriously incapacitate someone. 杀死某人或使某人严重丧失行为能力。
"he was struck down by a mystery virus"
phrase: strike in - intervene in a conversation or discussion. 介入谈话或讨论。
"Jacques struck in, and asked if he had ever seen the man before"
phrase: strike into - cause or create a particular strong emotion in someone. 对某人引起或产生特别强烈的情绪。
"the word bullying is guaranteed to strike fear into the hearts of most parents"
phrase: strike off - officially remove someone from membership of a professional group. 正式将某人从职业团体成员中除名。
"he was struck off by the Law Society and will never practise as a solicitor again"
phrase: strike on - discover or think of something, especially unexpectedly or by chance. 发现或想到某事，尤其是意外或偶然。
"pondering, she struck on a brilliant idea"
phrase: strike out - start out on a new or independent course or endeavor. 开始新的或独立的课程或努力。
"after two years he was able to strike out on his own"
phrase: strike up - (of a band or orchestra) begin to play a piece of music. （乐队或管弦乐队）开始演奏一段音乐。
"we were on the dance floor, waiting for the band to strike up"
strip
verb: remove all coverings from.
"the man had been stripped naked"
verb: leave bare of accessories or fittings.
"thieves stripped the room of luggage"
verb: deprive someone of (rank, power, or property).
"the lieutenant was stripped of his rank"
verb: sell off (the assets of a company) for profit.
verb: tear the thread or teeth from (a screw, gearwheel, etc.).
verb: (of a bullet) be fired from a rifled gun without spin owing to a loss of surface.
noun: an act of undressing, especially in a striptease.
"she got drunk and did a strip on top of the piano"
noun(BRITISH): the identifying outfit worn by the members of a sports team while playing.
"the team's away strip is a garish mix of red, white, and blue"
noun: a long, narrow piece of cloth, paper, plastic, or some other material.
"a strip of linen"
noun: a comic strip.
"a strip cartoon"
noun(BRITISH): a programme broadcast regularly at the same time.
"he hosts a weekly two-hour advice strip"
stripe
noun: a long narrow band or strip, typically of the same width throughout its length, differing in color or texture from the surface on either side of it. 一条长而窄的带子或条带，通常在其整个长度上具有相同的宽度，每个宽度间以两个表面的颜色或材质区分。
noun: a chevron sewn on to a uniform to denote military rank. 缝在制服上的 V 型表示军衔。
noun(NORTH AMERICAN): a type or category. 一种类型或类别（常见 sth./sb. of all stripes 各种各样的某物，后置）。
verb: mark with stripes. 用条纹标记。
strive
- verb: make great efforts to achieve or obtain something. 为实现或获得某物而付出巨大的努力。
stroke
noun: an act of hitting or striking someone or something; a blow. 击打或打击某人或某物的行为；一击。
noun: a mark made by drawing a pen, pencil, or painbrush in one direction across paper or canvas. 用钢笔，铅笔，或画笔沿一个方向在纸或画布上画出的标记。
noun: an act of moving one's hand across a surface with gentle pressure. 用轻微的压力将手在一个表面上移动的动作。
noun: a movement, especially one of a series, in which something moves out of its position and back into it; a beat. 一种运动，尤其是一系列中的一种，在这个运动中，某物移出它的位置再移入（常用来指活塞的往复运动或游泳时划水、划船时划桨的动作）；一个节拍。
noun: a sudden disabling attack or loss of consciousness caused by an interruption in the flow of blood to the brain, especially through thrombosis. 突然的致残性发作或意识丧失，由于大脑中血流的中断，尤其是血栓造成的。
verb: move one's hand with gentle pressure over (a surface, especially hair, fur, or skin), typically repeatedly; caress. 移动某人的手以轻柔的压力在（一个表面，尤其是头发，皮毛，或皮肤），通常是反复地；抚摸。
verb: act as the stroke of (a boat or crew). 作为（船或船员）中的桨手。
verb: hit or kick (a ball) smoothly and deliberately. 流畅并从容地击打或踢出（球）。
phrase: at a stroke - by a single action having immediate effect. 通过单一的行动产生立刻的影响。
phrase: not do a stroke of work - do no work at all. 根本没做任何工作。
phrase: on the stroke of - precisely at the specified time. 准确地在一个特定的时间。
phrase: put someone off their stroke - disconcert someone so that they do not work or perform as well as they might; break the pattern or rhythm of someone's work. 扰乱某人以使他们无法工作或表现良好；打破某人工作的模式或节奏。
phrase: stroke of genius - an outstandingly brilliant and original idea. 一个非常聪明且原创的想法，即神来之笔。
phrase: stroke of luck - a fortunate occurrence that could not have been predicted or expected. 无法预测或预期的幸运事件。
phrase: stroke of business - a profitable transaction. 有利可图的交易。
stuff
noun: matter, material, articles, or activities of a specified or indeterminate kink that are being referred to, indicated, or implied. 被提及、指明或暗示的特定或不确定的类型的物质、材料、文章或活动。
"she's good at the technical stuff"
noun: the basic constituents or characteristics of something or someone. 某人或某物的基本成分或特征。
"Healey was made of sterner stuff"
verb: fill (a receptacle or space) tightly with something. 用东西紧紧地填满（容器或空间）。
"an old teapot stuffed full of cash"
verb(INFORMAL·BRITISH): used to express indifference toward or rejection of (something). 用于表达对某事的漠不关心和拒绝。
"stuff the diet!"
phrase: and stuff - said in vague reference to additional things of a similar nature to those specified.
"all that running and swimming and stuff"
phrase: get stuffed - said in anger to tell someone to go away or as an expression of contempt.
"she wanted to join his mob but he told her to get stuffed"
phrase: stuff it - said to express indifference, resignation, or rejection.
"Stuff it, I'm 61, what do I care?"
phrase: stuff one's face - eat greedily.
"people are stuffing their faces with cake and champagne"
phrase: that's the stuff - said in approval of what has just been done or said.
stumble
verb: trip or momentarily lose one's balance; almost fall. 绊住或暂时失去平衡；几乎跌倒。
noun: an act of stumbling. 绊住的动作。
idiom: stumble across - to find or learn about (something) unexpectedly. 意外发现或了解（某事）。
stun
verb: knock unconscious or into a dazed or semiconscious state.
"the man was stunned by a blow to the head"
verb: astonish or shock (someone) so that they are temporarily unable to react.
"the community was stunned by the tragedy"
stunning
adjective: extremely impressive or attractive.
"she looked stunning"
stunt
verb: prevent from growing or developing properly. 阻碍正常的生长或发展。
noun: an action displaying spectacular skill and daring. 展示惊人技巧和胆量的行为，即特技。
verb: perform stunts, especially aerobatics. 表演特技，尤其是特技飞行。
stylish
adjective: fashionably elegant and sophisticated.
"you don't have to be a designer to create a stylish look in your own small room"
adjective: neat, confident, and skillful.
"he put his heart and soul into a stylish performance"
stylist
noun: a designer of fashionable styles of clothing.
"a collection of 40s-inspired shapes from a leading stylist"
a hairdresser.
"she had her hair done in a mass of curls by a stylist in Paris"
noun: a person whose job is to arrange and coordinate food, clothes, etc. in a stylish and attractive way in photographs or films.
"a food stylist"
noun: a writer noted for taking great pains over their writing style.
"the letter was written by a famous stylist"
(in sport or music) a person who performs with style.
"stylist Pohan took the lead in the first round"
subject
noun: a person or thing that is being discussed, described, or dealt with. 被讨论、描述，或对待的人或事。
noun: a branch of knowledge studied or taught in a school, college, or university. 在学校，学院，或大学学习或教授的知识分支。
noun: a member of a state other than its ruler, especially one owing allegiance to a monarch or other supreme ruler. 一个国家的统制者以外的成员，尤其是效忠于君主或其他最高统制者的人。
noun(GRAMMAR): a noun or noun phrase functioning as one of the main components of a clause, being the element about which the rest of the clause is predicated. （语法）一个名词或名词短语作为从句的主要部分之一，从句的其他部分被该部分发出动作。
noun(PHILOSOPHY): a thinking or feeling entity; the conscious mind; the ego, especially as opposed to anything external to the mind. （哲学）一个思考或感觉的实体；有意识的思想；自我，尤其是思想以外的任何事的相反面。
adjective: likely or prone to be affected by (a particular condition or occurrence, typically an unwelcome or unpleasant one). 可能或倾向于受到（特定情况或事件，通常是不受欢迎或不愉快的情况）的影响。
adjective: dependent or conditional upon. 取决于或条件性基于。
adjective: under the authority of. 在授权之下。
adverb: conditionally upon. 有条件地基于。
adverb(重音在后): cause or force someone or something to undergo (a particular experience or form of treatment, typically an unwelcome or unpleasant one). 导致或强迫某人或某事经历（一种特殊的经历或某种形式的治疗，通常是不受欢迎或不愉快的）。
adverb(重音在后): bring (a person or country) under one's control or jurisdiction, typically by using force. 将（个人或国家）置于某个人的控制或管辖之下，通常通过使用武力的方式。
subjective
adjective: based on or influenced by personal fellings, tastes, or opinions. 基于或被个人感受，品味，意见所影响。
adjective(GRAMMAR): relating to or denoting a case of nouns and pronouns used for the subject of a sentence. 涉及或表示用于句子主语的名词和代词的情况。
noun(GRAMMAR): the subjective case. 主观情况。
subsidy
- noun: a sum of money granted by the government or a public body to assist an industry or business so that the price of a commodity or service may remain low or competitive. 政府或公共机构提供的一笔资金，目的是帮助工业或商业使商品或服务的价格保持低或有竞争力的，即补贴。
substantial
adjective: of considerable importance, size, or worth. 具有相当的重要性，规模，或价值。
"a substantial amount of cash"
adjective: concerning the essentials of something. 关于事物的本质。
"there was substantial agreement on changing policies"
adjective: real and tangible rather than imaginary. 真实和有形的，而不是想象的。
"spirits are shadowy, human beings substantial"
substitute
noun: a person or thing acting or serving in place of another.
"soya milk is used as a substitute for dairy milk"
a person or thing that becomes the object of love or another emotion which is deprived of its natural outlet.
"a father substitute"
noun: a sports player nominated as eligible to replace another after a match has begun.
"Stewart was the Rovers substitute"
noun(SCOTS LAW): a deputy.
"a sheriff substitute"
verb: use or add in place of.
"dried rosemary can be substituted for the fresh herb"
act or serve as a substitute.
"I found someone to substitute for me"
replace (someone or something) with another.
"customs officers substituted the drugs with another substance"
(CHEMISTRY) replace (an atom or group in a molecule, especially a hydrogen atom) with another.
"three of the hydrogen atoms of the methane molecule have been substituted by chlorine, bromine or iodine atoms"
verb: replace (a sports player) with a substitute during a match.
"he was substituted eleven minutes from time"
subtle
- adjective: (especially of a change or distinction) so delicate or precise as to be difficult to analyze or describe. （尤其是变化或区别）太精细或精确以至于很难分析或描述。
suburb
noun: an outlying district of a city, especially a residential one.
"a highly respectable suburb of Chicago"
suburban
adjective: of or characteristic of a suburb.
"suburban life"
contemptibly dull and ordinary.
"Elizabeth despised Ann's house-proudness as deeply suburban"
suite
noun: a set of rooms designated for one person's or family's use or for a particular purpose. 指定供一个人或家庭使用或用于特定目的的一组房间，即套房。
- a set of coordinating furniture. 一套协调的家具。
noun(MUSIC): a set of instrumental compositions, originally in dance style, to be played in succession. 一组器乐作品，最初是舞蹈风格，被连续演奏。
- a set of selected pieces from an opera or musical, arranged to be played as one instrumental work. 一组从歌剧或音乐剧中选出的曲目，安排作为一件器乐作品演奏。
noun: a group of people in attendance on a monarch or other person of high rank. 侍奉君主或其他高官的一群人。
noun(COMPUTING): a set of programs with a uniform design and the ability to share data. 一系列具有统一设计和共享数据能力的程序。
noun(GEOLOGY): a group of minerals, rocks, or fossils occurring together and characteristic of a location or period. 一组矿物，岩石，或化石一起出现，并具有某个地点或时期的特征。
superb
adjective: excellent. 出色的。
adjective: impressively splendid. 令人印象深刻的辉煌。
superficial
adjective: existing or occurring at or on the surface. 存在或发生在表面上。
adjective: appearing to be true or real only until examined more closely. 只有在更仔细地检查后，才能显现出真实。
adjective: not thorough, deep, or complete; cursory. 不彻底，不深入，或不完整；粗略的。
adjective(BRITISH·BUILDING): denoting a quantity of a material expressed in terms of area covered rather than linear dimension or volume. （英国·建筑）表示以覆盖面积而不是以线性尺寸或体积表示的材料数量。
superstition
noun: excessively credulous belief in and reverence for supernatural beings.
"he dismissed the ghost stories as mere superstition"
superstitious
adjective: having or showing a belief in superstitions.
"many superstitious beliefs and practices are connected with sneezing"
supervise
- verb: observe and direct the execution of (a task, project, or activity). 观察和指导（任务、项目或活动）的执行。
supplement
noun: something that completes or enhances something else when added to it. 当添加到其中以完成或增强其他事物的事物，即补充。
a substance taken to remedy the deficiencies in a person's diet. 用于补救一个人饮食缺陷而服务的物质，即补剂。
a separate section, especially a color magazine, added to a newspaper or periodical. 添加到报纸或期刊中的单独版块，尤指彩色杂志，即副刊。
noun(GEOMETRY): the amount by which an angle is less than 180°. （几何）小于 180 度的角。
verb: add an extra element or amount to. 添加额外的元素或量。
suppress
verb: forcibly put an end to. 强行终止。
"the uprising was savagely suppressed"
prevent the development, action, or expression of (a feeling, impulse, idea, etc.); restrain.
"she could not suppress a rising panic"
prevent the dissemination of (information).
"the report had been suppressed"
prevent or inhibit (a process or reaction).
"use of the drug suppressed the immune response"
partly or wholly eliminate (electrical interference).
(PSYCHOANALYSIS) consciously inhibit (an unpleasant idea or memory) to avoid considering it.
surge
noun: a sudden powerful forward or upward movement, especially by a crowd or by a natural force such as the waves or tide. 一个突然的有力的向上或向前的运动，尤其是由人群或自然力量，如波浪或潮汐引起的。
verb: (of a crowd or a natural force) move suddenly and powerfully forward or upward. （人群或自然力量）突然地有力地向前或向上移动。
surpass
- verb: exceed; be greater than. 超过；大过。
surplus
noun: an amount of something left over when requirements have been met; an excess of production or supply over demand. 满足要求后剩余的东西；生产过剩或供过求。
adjective: more than what is needed or used; excess. 超过需要或使用的；过量的。
susceptible
adjective: likely or liable to be influenced or harmed by a particular thing. 可能或容易受到特定事物影响或伤害的。
"patients with liver disease may be susceptible to infection"
adjective: capable or admitting of. 有能力或承认的。
"the problem is not susceptible of a simple solution"
suspension
noun: the temporary prevention of something from continuing or being in force or effect. 暂时阻止某事继续或生效。
noun: the system of springs and shock absorbers by which a vehicle is cushioned from road conditions. 弹簧和减震器系统，通过该系统车辆从路况中获得缓冲，即车辆悬挂系统。
noun: a mixture in which particles are dispersed throughout the bulk of a fluid. 一种混合物，其中粒子分散在整个流体中。
noun(MUSIC): a discord made by prolonging a note of a chord into the following chord. 通过将一个和弦的一个音符延长到下一个和弦而产生的不和谐。
suspicious
- adjective: having or showing a cautious distrust of someone or something. 有或表现出谨慎的怀疑对某人或某事。
sustain
verb: strengthen or support physically or mentally. 在身体上或精神上加强或支持。
verb: undergo or suffer (something unpleasant, especially an injury). 经历或遭受（不愉快的事情，尤其是受伤）。
verb: cause to continue or be prolonged for an extended period or without interruption. 导致持续或延长一段较长的时间或没有中断。
verb: uphold, affirm, or confirm the justice or validity of. 坚持，肯定，确认正义或有效。
swab
noun: an absorbent pad or piece of material, often on a stick or rod, used in surgery and medicine for cleaning wounds and skin, applying medication, or taking specimens.
noun: a mop or other absorbent device for cleaning or mopping up a floor or other surface.
verb: take a specimen of tissue or secretions from (a person or part of the body) for examination.
"we need to be swabbing people with any hint of illness"
verb: clean (a floor or other surface) with a mop or other absorbent device.
"the crew were swabbing down the decks"
swamp
noun: an area of low-lying, uncultivated ground where water collects; a bog or marsh. 积水的低洼未开垦地区；沼泽。
- used to emphasize the degree to which a piece of ground is waterlogged. 用来强调一块地被水淹的程度。
verb: overwhelm or flood with water. 被水淹没。
swing
verb: move or cause to move back and forth or from side to side while suspended or on an axis. 在轴线上悬挂时移动或前后移动或左右移动。
verb: move by grasping a support from below and leaping. 通过从下方抓住支撑和跳跃来移动。
verb: move or cause to move in a smooth, curving line. 以平滑曲线方式移动。
verb: shift or cause to shift from one opinion, mood, or state of affairs to another. 从一种观点、情绪或事态转变为另一种。
verb: play music with an easy flowing but vigorous rhythm. 以轻松流畅但充满活力的节奏演奏音乐。
verb(INFORMAL): (of an event, place, or way of life) be lively, exciting, or fashionable. （事件、地点或生活方式）令人活泼、兴奋或时尚。
verb(INFORMAL): engage in group sex or swap sexual partners within a group, especially on a habitual basis. 参与到群体性行为或在群体中交换性伴侣，尤其在习惯性基础上。
noun: a seat suspended by ropes or chains, on which someone may sit and swing back and forth. 可以坐在上面前后摆动的，使用绳子和链条悬挂的座位，即秋千。
noun: an act of swinging. 摆动的动作。
noun: a discernible change in opinion. 意见的明显变化。
noun: a style of jazz or dance music with an easy flowing but vigorous rhythm. 节奏轻松流畅但充满活力的一种爵士或舞曲风格。
noun: (in musical theater) an understudy, typically one who covers multiple roles in the chorus of a particular production. （在音乐剧中）替补，通常是在特定作品的合唱中扮演多个角色的人。
swirl
verb: move in a twisting or spiraling pattern.
"the smoke was swirling around him"
cause to move in a twisting or spiraling pattern.
"swirl a little cream into the soup"
noun: a quantity of something moving in a swirl.
"swirls of dust swept across the floor"
a twisting or spiraling movement or pattern.
"she emerged with a swirl of skirts"
swoop
verb: (especially of a bird) move rapidly downwards through the air.
"the barn owl can swoop down on a mouse in total darkness"
verb(INFORMAL): seize with a swooping motion.
"she swooped up the hen in her arms"
noun: a swooping or snatching movement or action.
"four members were arrested following a swoop by detectives on their homes"
sympathy
noun: feelings of pity and sorrow for someone else's misfortune. 对别人的不幸感到遗憾和悲伤。
noun: understanding between people; common feeling. 人与人之间的理解；共同的感觉。
noun: the state or fact of responding in a way similar or corresponding to an action elsewhere. 响应的状态或事实，响应以与其他地方行为相似或对应的方式。
symposium
noun: a conference or meeting to discuss a particular subject. 讨论特定主题的会议。
noun: a drinking party or convivial discussion, especially as held in ancient Greece after a banquet (and notable as the title of a work by Plato). 酒会或欢乐的讨论，尤其是古希腊宴会后举行的（以柏拉图作品的标题著称）。
symptom
- noun: a physical or mental feature which is regarded as indicating a condition of disease, particularly such a feature that is apparent to the patient. 身体或心理的特征，这些特征被认为指示了疾病的情况，尤其是对患者明显的特征，即症状。
synonymous
adjective: (of words or expressions) having the same, or nearly the same, meaning. （词语或表达）有相同或几乎相同的含义。
adjective: (with something) so closely connected with something that the two things appear to be the same. （某物）与某物有非常紧密的联系，以致于两者看起来是一样的。
T
tackle
noun: the equipment required for a task or sports. 一项任务或运动所需要的设备。
noun: a mechanism consisting of ropes, pulley blocks, hooks, or other thing for lifting heavy objects. 一种由绳索，滑轮组，钩子，或其他东西组成的，用于提升重物的机械。
noun(SOCCER·HOCKEY): (in soccer and other games) an act of taking the ball, or attempting to take the ball, from an opponent. （足球·曲棍球）（在足球和其他比赛中）从对方那里拿球或试图拿球的行为。
noun(AMERICAN FOOTBALL): a player who lines up inside the end along the line of scrimmage. （美式足球）沿着争球线末端内排队的球员。
verb: make determined efforts to deal with (a problem or difficult task). 下定决心去处理（问题或困难的任务）。
tactic
noun: an action or strategy carefully planned to achieve a specific end.
"the minority attempted to control the Council by a delaying tactic"
the art of disposing armed forces in order of battle and of organizing operations, especially during contact with an enemy.
"basic infantry tactics were taught by guest instructors"
tailor
noun: a person whose occupation is making fitted clothes such as suits, pants, and jackets to fit individual customers.
noun: another term for bluefish.
verb: (of a tailor) make (clothes) to fit individual customers.
"he was wearing a sports coat that had obviously been tailored in New York"
tandem
noun: a bicycle with seats and pedals for two riders, one behind the other.
a carriage driven by two animals harnessed one in front of the other.
a group of two people or machines working together.
"the Giants had the greatest pitching tandem in baseball history"
adverb: with two or more horses harnessed one behind another.
"I rode tandem to Paris"
- alongside each other; together.
adjective: having two things arranged one in front of the other.
"a tandem trailer"
phrase: in tandem - alongside each other.
"a tight fiscal policy working in tandem with a tight foreign exchange policy"
teamster
noun(NORTH AMERICAN): a truck driver.
- a member of the Teamsters Union, including truck drivers, chauffeurs, and warehouse workers.
noun: a driver of a team of animals.
tease
verb: make fun of or attempt or provoke (a person or animal) in a playful way.
"she was just teasing"
tempt (someone) sexually with no intention of satisfying the ddesire aroused.
"she had thrown herself at him and teased him"
verb: gently pull or comb (tangled wool, hair, etc.) into separate strands.
"she was teasing out the curls into her usual hairstyle"
phrase: tease out - find something out from a mass of irrelevant information.
"a historian who tries to tease out the truth"
teeny
adjective(INFORMAL): tiny.
"a teeny bit of criticism"
teeter
verb: move or balance unsteadily; away back and forth.
"she teetered after him in her high-heeled sandals"
phrase: teeter on the edge - be very close to a difficult or dangerous situation.
"they teeter on the edge of extinction, with no more than a handful left"
teller
noun(NORTH AMERICAN): a person employed to deal with customers' transactions in a bank. （北美）受雇于银行处理客户交易的人。
noun(NORTH AMERICAN): an automated teller machine. （北美）ATM。
noun: a person who tells something. 讲述某事的人。
noun: a person appointed to count votes, especially in a legislature. 被任命为计票的人，尤其是在立法机构中。
temper
noun: a person's state of mind seen in terms of their being angry or calm. 人的心理状态，关于生气或平静。
noun: the degree of hardness and elasticity in steel or other metal. 钢或其他金属的硬度和延展性。
verb: improve the hardness and elasticity of (steel or other metal) by reheating and then cooling it. 通过重新加热后再冷却，来提高（钢或其他金属）的硬度和延展性，即淬火。
verb: act as a neutralizing or counterbalancing force to (something). 作为（某物）中和或制衡的力。
verb: tune (a piano or other instrument) so as to adjust the note intervals correctly. 调整（钢琴或其他乐器）的音，以正确地调整音符的间隔。
phrase: keep one's temper - retain composure when angry. 在生气时保持冷静。
phrase: lose one's temper - fail to retain composure when angry. 在生气时无法保持冷静。
phrase: out of temper - in an irritable mood. 心情烦躁。
tempt
verb: entice or attempt to entice (someone) to do or acquire something that they find attractive but know to be wrong or not beneficial.
"there'll always be someone tempted by the rich pickings of poaching"
phrase: tempt fate — do something that is risky or dangerous.
"bike couriers tempt fate at every traffic light"
temptation
noun: the desire to do something, especially something wrong or unwise. 做某事的欲望，尤其是错误或不明智的事情。
phrase: resist temptation. 抵制诱惑。
tenderloin
noun: the tenderest part of a loin of beef, pork, etc., taken from under the short ribs in the hindquarters.
"grilled pork tenderloin"
noun(INFORMAL·NORTH AMERICAN): a district of a city where vice and corruption are prominent.
"every city has a tenderloin"
term
noun: a word or phrase used to describe a thing or to express a concept, especially in a particular kind of language or branch of study. 用于描述事物或表达概念的词或短语，尤其是在特定种类的语言或研究分支中。
noun: a fixed or limited period for which something, e.g., office, imprisonment, or investment, lasts or is intended to last. 持续或打算持续一个固定或有限的时期为某事，如工作、监禁或投资。
noun: each of the periods in the year, alternating with holidays or vacations, during which instruction is given in a school, college, or university, or during which a court holds sessions. 一年中的每个时期，与假期或旅行交替，在此期间学校，大专或大学进行教学，或在此期间法院开庭。
noun: conditions under which an action may be undertaken or agreement reached; stipulated or agreed upon requirements. 采取行动或达成协议的条件；规定或商定的要求。
noun(MATHEMATICS): each of the quantities in a ratio, series, or mathematical expression. 比率，集合，或数学表达式中的每个量。
noun(ARCHITECTURE): another term for terminus. （建筑学）终点站的另一种说法。
verb: give a descriptive name to; call by a specified name. 给一个描述性的名字；以指定的名称称呼。
phrase: come to terms with - come to accept (a new and painful or difficult event or situation); reconcile oneself to. 开始接受（新的并且痛苦或困难的事情或情况）；某人和解对某事。
phrase: in terms of - with regard to the particular aspect or subject specified. 关于特定的方面或指定的主题。
phrase: in the long term - over or for a long period of time. 超过或在很长一段时间。
phrase: in the medium term - over or for a period of time of moderate length. 超过或持续一段中等长度的时间。
phrase: in the short term - over or for a short period of time. 超过或持续短的一段时间。
phrase: on ... terms - in a specified relation or on a specified footing. 在指定的关系或指定的立足点上。（例如 on good terms 即关系很好）
terrestrial
adjective: of, on, or relating to the earth.
"increased ultraviolet radiation may disrupt terrestrial ecosystems"
denoting television broadcasting using equipment situated on the ground rather than by satellite.
"terrestrial and cable technology"
of or on dry land.
"a submarine eruption will be much more explosive than its terrestrial counterpart"
(of an animal) living on or in the ground; not aquatic, arboreal, or aerial.
(of a plant) growing on land or in the soil; not aquatic or epiphytic.
(ASTRONOMY) (of a planet) similar in size or composition to the earth, especially being one of the four inner planets of our solar system.
(ARCHAIC) relating to the earth as opposed to heaven.
noun: an inhabitant of the earth.
textile
noun: a type of cloth or woven fabric. 一种布或编织织物。
noun(INFORMAL): used by nudists to describe someone wearing clothes, especially on a beach. 裸体主义者用于形容穿衣服的人，尤其是在沙滩上。
theology
noun: the study of the nature of God and religious belief.
"a theology degree"
therapist
- noun: a person skilled in a particular kind of therapy. 擅长某种特定疗法的人。
therapy
- noun: treatment intended to relieve or heal a disorder. 旨在缓解或治愈疾病的治疗。
thereby
adverb: by that means; as a result of that. 由此方式；作为结果是。
phrase: thereby hangs a tale - used to indicate that there is more to say about something. 用于表示关于某事还有更多话要说。
thermostat
- noun: a device that automatically regulates temperature, or that activates a device when the temperature reaches a certain point. 自动调节温度的装置，或当温度达到特定点时启动装置的装置。
think tank
- noun: a body of experts providing advice and ideas on specific political or economic problems. 在特定的政治或经济问题提供建议和想法的一组专家。
thorough
adjective: complete with regard to every detail; not superficial or partial.
"planners need a thorough understanding of the subject"
thought-provoking
adjective: stimulating careful consideration or attention.
"thought-provoking questions"
thrift
noun: the quality of using money and other resources carefully and not wastefully. 谨慎且不浪费地使用金钱或其他资源的品质。
noun: a European plant which forms low-growing tufts of slender leaves with rounded pink flower heads, growing chiefly on sea cliffs and mountains. 一种欧洲植物，形成低矮的细长叶子簇，带有圆形粉红色头状花序，主要生长在海崖和山脉上。
thrive
verb: (of a child, animal, or plant) grow or develop well or vigorously.
"the new baby thrived"
prosper; flourish.
"education groups thrive on organization"
tick
noun: a regular short, sharp sound, especially that made by a clock or watch. 短促又尖锐的声音，尤其是钟表或手表发出的。
noun(INFORMAL·BRITISH): a moment (used especially to reassure someone that one will return or be ready very soon). 片刻（特别用于向某人保证很快回来或准备好）。
noun(BRITISH): a mark (✓) used to indicate that an item in a list or text is correct or has been chosen, checked, or dealt with; a check mark. 一个标记，用于表明列表或文本是正确的或已被选择、检查或处理；一个复选标记。
noun(STOCK MARKET): the smallest recognized amount by which a price of a security or future may fluctuate. （股市中）证券或期货价格波动的最小确认金额。
verb: (of a clock or other mechanical device) make regular short sharp sounds, typically one for every second of time that passes. （时钟或其他机械设备）发出规律短促尖锐的声音，通常每秒发出一次。
verb(BRITISH): mark (an item) with a tick or select (a box) on a form, questionnaire, etc., to indicate that something has been chosen, checked, approved, or dealt with. 在表格或问卷上用对钩标记（项目）或选中（方框），以表明某事已经被选择，检查，批准或处理。
tingle
verb: experience or cause to experience a slight prickling or stinging sensation.
"she was tingling with excitement"
noun: a slight prikling or stinging sensation.
"a tingle of anticipation"
noun: an S-shaped metal clip used to support heavy panes of glass or slates on a roof.
tip
noun: the pointed or rounded end or extremity of something slender or tapering.
"George pressed the tips of his fingers together"
a small piece or part fitted to the end of an object.
"the rubber tip of the walking stick"
verb: attach to or cover the end or extremity of.
"the peaks of the mountains were tipped with snow"
colour (something) at its end or edge.
"the black outer feathers are tipped with white"
verb: (in bookbinding) paste a single page, typically an illustration, to the neighbouring page of a book by a thin line of paste down its inner margin.
"tipped in here is a clipping from a magazine"
phrase: on the tip of one's tongue - almost but not quite brought to mind or spoken.
"his name's on the tip of my tongue!"
verb: overbalance so as to fall or turn over. (一本书叫 A Tipping Point 中文名：引爆点、临界点)
"the hay caught fire when the candle tipped over"
be or cause to be in a sloping position with one end or side higher than the other.
"I tipped my seat back, preparing myself for sleep"
verb: cause (the contents of a container) to be emptied out by holding it at an angle.
"Sarah tipped the washing-up water down the sink"
- (BRITISH) rain heavily.
verb: strike or touch lightly.
"I tipped his hoof with the handle of a knife"
cause (an object) to move somewhere by striking or touching it lightly.
"his twenty-yard shot was tipped over the bar by Nixon"
noun(BRITISH): a place where rubbish is left.
"a rubbish tip"
(INFORMAL) a dirty or untidy place.
"your room's an absolute tip!"
noun(BASEBALL): a pitched ball that is slightly deflected by the batter.
phrase: tip one's hand - reveal one's intentions inadvertently.
phrase: tip one's hat - raise or touch one's hat or cap as a way of greeting or acknowledging someone.
"the doorman tipped his hat with a smile"
phrase: tip off - put the ball in play by throwing it up between two opponents.
noun: a sum of money given to someone as a reward for a service.
"he never leaves a tip"
noun: a small but useful piece of practical advice.
"handy tips for decorating a small flat"
a prediction or piece of expert information about the likely winner of a race or contest.
"Barry had a hot tip"
verb: give (someone) a sum of money as a reward for a service.
"I tipped her five dollars"
verb(BRITISH): predict as likely to win or achieve something.
"Christine was widely tipped to get the job"
phrase: tip someone the wink - give someone private information.
phrase: tip off - give someone information in a discreet or confidential way.
"they were arrested after police were tipped off by local residents"
tissue
noun: any of the distinct types of material of which animals or plants are made, consisting of specialized cells and their products.
"inflammation is a reaction of living tissue to infection or injury"
noun: tissue paper.
"a slim package wrapped in blue tissue"
noun: an intricate structure or network made from a number of connected items.
"such scandalous stories are a tissue of lies"
toast
noun: sliced bread browned on both sides by exposure to radiant heat. 通过暴露在热辐射下，两面都变成褐色的切片面包。
noun: a call to a gathering of people to raise their glasses and drink together in honor of a person or thing, or an instance of drinking in this way. 号召一群人举起酒杯一起喝酒来庆祝某人或某物，或以这种方式喝酒的事例。
verb: cook or brown (food, especially bread or cheese) by exposure to a grill, fire, or other source of radiant heat. 通过暴露于烤架，火，或其他辐射热源来烹调或使变褐色（食物，尤其是面包或奶酪）。
verb: drink to the health or in honor of (someone or something) by raising one's glass to gether with others. 为了健康或为了庆祝（某人或某物）而与他人举杯共饮。
phrase: be toast - be or be likely to become finished, defunct, or dead. 处于或可能处于完成，失效，或死亡。
verb: (of a DJ) accompany a reggae backing track or music with improvised rhythmic speech. （DJ 相关）结合雷鬼伴奏或音乐到即兴说唱。
toil
verb: work extremely hard or incessantly. 极度努力或不停地去做（固定搭配 toil away/through）。
- move slowly and with difficulty. 缓慢而艰难地移动。
noun: exhausting physical labor. 累人的体力劳动。
token
noun: a thing serving as a visible or tangible representation of a fact, quality, feeling, etc. 一个东西作为可见或有形的事实，质量，感受等等的代表。
noun: a voucher that can be exchanged for goods or services, typically one given as a gift or offered as part of a promotional offer. 可以用于兑换商品或服务的代金券，通常是被作为礼物赠送或被提供作为促销优惠的一部分。
noun(LINGUISTICS): an individual occurrence of a linguistic unit in speech or writing, as contrasted with the type or class of linguistic unit of which it is an instance. （语言学）在演讲或写作中一个语言单位的独立出现，作为与实例的语言单位的类型或类别的对照。
- (COMPUTING) the smallest meaningful unit of information in a sequence of data for a compiler. 编译器数据序列中有意义的最小信息单元。
noun(COMPUTING): a sequence of bits passed continuously between nodes in a fixed order and enabling a node to transmit information. 在固定顺序在节点之间连续传递的比特序列，使节点能够传输信息。
noun: a member of a minority group included in an otherwise homogeneous set of people in order to give the appearance of diversity. 被包含在同质人群中的少数群体成员，目的是为了多样性的表现。
adjective: done for the sake of appearances or as a symbolic gesture. 为了外表或作为象征性姿态而做。
phrase: by the same token - in the same way or for the same reason. 以同样的方式或出于同样的原因。
phrase: in token of - as a sign or symbol of. 作为标志或象征。
toss
verb: throw (something) somewhere lightly, easily, or casually. 轻轻地，轻松地，或随便地把（某物）扔到某处。
verb: move or cause to move from side to side or back and forth. 移动或导致移动，从一边到一边或从后到前。
verb(INFORMAL·NORTH AMERICAN): search (a place). （非正式·北美）搜索（一个地方）。
noun: an action or instance of tossing something. 扔东西的动作或实例。
- the action of tossing a coin as a method of deciding which team has the right to make a particular decision at the beginning of a game. 抛硬币的行为作为决定哪支队伍在比赛开始时有权作出特定决定的方法。
phrase: give a toss - care at all. 根本上在乎（常用于否定中，加 not，即根本不在乎）。
phrase: toss one's cookies - vomit. 呕吐。
phrase: toss for - settle a matter with someone by tossing a coin. 解决与某的问题，通过抛硬币的方式。
phrase: toss off - produce something rapidly or without thought or effort. 迅速或不假思索或不费力地做出某事。
phrase: toss up - throw a coin into the air in order to make a decision between two alternatives, based on which side of the coin faces up when it lands. 将一枚硬币抛向空中，以便在两个选择中做出决定，决定基于硬币落地时哪一面向上。
trade
noun: the action of buying and selling goods and services.
"a move to ban all trade in ivory"
noun: a skilled job, typically one requiring manual skills and special training.
"the fundamentals of the construction trade"
noun: a trade wind.
"the north-east trades"
verb: buy and sell goods and services.
"middlemen trading in luxury goods"
verb: exchange (something) for something else, typically as a commercial transaction.
"they trade mud-shark livers for fish oil"
phrase: trade places - change places.
"I would be glad to trade places with George and have his job"
phrase: trade down - sell something in order to buy something similar but less expensive.
"this house is ideal for someone thinking of trading down"
phrase: trade in - exchange a used article in part payment for another.
"she traded in her Ford for a BMW"
phrase: trade off - exchange something of value, especially as part of a compromise.
"the government traded off economic advantages for political gains"
phrase: trade on - take advantage of something, especially in an unfair way.
"the government is trading on fears of inflation"
phrase: trade up - sell something in order to buy something similar but more expensive.
"there are a lot of people who want to trade up"
trade-off
noun: a balance achieved between two desirable but incompatible features; a compromise.
"a trade-off between objectivity and relevance"
trait
- noun: a distinguishing quality or characteristic, typically one belonging to a person. 一种有区别的品质或特点，通常属于一个人。
transient
adjective: lasting only for a short time; impermanent. 只持续很短的时间；暂时的。
noun: a person who is staying or working in a place for a short time only. 只在一个地方逗留或工作很短时间的人。
noun: a momentary variation in current, voltage, or frequency. 电流，电压，或频率的瞬时变化。
transistor
- noun: a semiconductor device with three connections, capable of amplification in addition to rectification. 具有三个连接的半导体器件，除了整流外还能放大，即晶体管。
tribal
adjective: of or characteristic of a tribe or tribes. 属于部落或具有部落的特征。
noun: members of tribal communities, especially in South Asia. 部落社区的成员，尤其是在南亚。
triceratops
- noun: a large quadrupedal herbivorous dinosaur living at the end of the Cretaceous period, having a massive head with two large horns, a smaller horn on the beaked snout, and a bony frill above the neck.
trio
noun: a set or group of three people or things.
"the hotel was run by a trio of brothers"
trivial
adjective: of little value or importance.
"huge fines were imposed for trivial offenses"
troupe
noun: a group of dancers, actors, or other entertainers who tour to different venues.
"a dance troupe"
trunk
noun: the main woody stem of a tree as distinct from its branches and roots.
"you can tell the age of a tree by the rings inside its trunk"
noun: a person's or animal's body apart from the limbs and head.
"the children had an itchy rash on the trunk and extremities"
noun: the elongated, prehensile nose of an elephant.
"an elephant's trunk is so strong and agile, it can push down trees, or pick up a single piece of straw"
noun: a large box with a hinged lid for storing or transporting clothes and other articles.
"libraries, dusty archives, and old trunks in family attics may eventually provide further material"
noun(NORTH AMERICAN): an enclosed space at the back of a car for carrying luggage and other goods; a boot.
"he met them at the curb and placed the bags in the trunk"
tuba
- noun: a large brass wind instrument of bass pitch, with three to six valves and a broad bell typically facing upward.
tuck
verb: push, fold, or turn (the deges or ends of something, especially a garment or bedclothes) so as to hide them or hold them in place.
"he tucked his shirt into his trousers"
verb: make a flattened, stitched fold in (a garment or material), typically so as to shorten or tighten it, or for decoration.
"the suit was pinned and tucked all over"
noun: a flattened, stitched fold in a garment or material, typically one of serveral parallel folds put in a garment for shortening, tightening, or decoration.
"a dress with tucks along the bodice"
noun(DATED·INFORMAL): food, typically cakes and candy, eaten by children at school as a snack.
"a tuck shop"
noun: (in diving, gymnastics, downhill skiing, etc.) a position with the knees bent and held close to the chest, often with the hands clasped around the shins.
"Lenzi nailed a reverse 3-1/2 somersault tuck on his final dive"
phrase: tuck away - keep something in a secure place.
"keep something in a secure place. "employees can tuck away a percentage of their pretax salary"
phrase: tuck in/into - make someone, especially a child, comfortable in bed by pulling the covers up around them.
"he carried her back to bed and tucked her in"
phrase: tuck into - eat food heartily.
I tucked into the bacon and eggs
turbulence
noun: violent or unsteady movement of air or water, or of some other fluid.
"the plane shuddered as it entered some turbulence"
conflict; confusion.
"a time of political turbulence"
turbulent
adjective: characterized by conflict, disorder, or confusion; not controlled or calm. 以冲突，无序，混乱为特征；不受控制或不冷静的。
- (of air or water) moving unsteadily or violently. （空气或水）不稳定或猛烈地移动。
turnover
noun: the amount of money taken by a business in a particular period.
"a turnover approaching $4 million"
noun: the rate at which employees leave a workforce and are replaced.
"high staff turnover left the program with too many young instructors"
- the rate at which goods are sold and replaced in a store.
noun: a small pie made by folding a piece of pastry over on itself to enclose a sweet filling.
"an apple turnover"
noun(NORTH AMERICAN): (in a game) a loss of possession of the ball to the opposing team.
"the team were sitting on their lead and taking care to avoid turnovers"
tweak
verb: twist or pull (something) sharply.
"he tweaked the boy's ear"
verb: improve (a mechanism or system) by making fine adjustments to it.
"engineers tweak the car's operating systems during the race"
verb(INFORMAL·US): become or cause to become agitated or excited, typically from taking amphetamines or another stimulant.
"I just about went crazy yesterday—I was totally tweaking out"
noun: a sharp twist or pull.
"an affectionate tweak"
noun: a fine adjustment to a mechanism or system.
"no tweaks were required"
tyrannosaurus
- noun: a very large bipedal carnivorous dinosaur of the late Cretaceous period, with powerful jaws and small clawlike front legs.
U
ultimate
adjective: being or happening at the end of a process; final. 在过程结束时存在或发生；最后。
noun: the best achievable or imaginable of its kind. 同类中能达到的最好的或可以想象的。
noun: a final or fundamental fact or principle. 最终的或基本的事实或原则。
noun(NORTH AMERICAN): short for Ultimate Frisbee. （北美）终极飞盘运动的缩写。
undergo
- verb: experience or be subjected to (something, typically something unpleasant or arduous). 经历或遭受（某事，通常是不愉快或艰巨的事情）。
underlie
verb: be a significant cause or basis of (something) even if not necessarily manifest or obvious. 是（某事）的重要原因或基础，即使不一定是明显的。
verb: (especially of a layer of rock or soil) lie or be situated under (something). （尤其指一层岩石或土壤）位于（某物）之下。
understatement
- noun: the presentation of someting as being smaller, worse, or less important than it actually is. 将某物展现得比实际更小，更差，或更不重要，即轻描淡写。
uniformity
- noun: the quality or state of being uniform. 变得一致的状态或质量。
uninformed
- adjective: not having or showing awareness or understanding of the facts. 没有或没表现出对事实的认识或理解。
union
noun: the action or fact of joining or being joined, especially in a political context.
"he was opposed to closer political or economic union with Europe"
noun: a club, society, or association formed by people with a common interest or purpose.
"members of the Students' Union"
an organized association of workers formed to protect and further their rights and interests; a labor union.
"the National Farmers' Union"
noun: a political unit consisting of a number of states or provinces with the same central government.
noun(MATHEMATICS): the set that comprises all the elements (and no others) contained in any of two or more given sets.
noun: a pipe coupling.
noun: a part of a flag with an emblem symbolizing national union, typically occupying the upper corner next to the staff.
noun: a fabric made of two or more different yarns, typically cotton and linen or silk.
noun(US): a building at a college or university used by students for recreation and other nonacademic activities.
unionist
noun: a member of a labor union.
- an advocate or supporter of labor unions.
noun: a person in Northern Ireland, especially a member of a political party, supporting or advocating union with Great Britain.
- a person who opposed secession during the Civil War.
unison
noun: simultaneous performance or utterance of action or speech. 动作或语言的同时表现或表达。
noun(MUSIC): coincidence in pitch of sounds or notes. （音乐）声音或音符在音高上的相合。
adjective: performed in unison. 表现得同步。
universal
adjective: relating to or done by all people or things in the world or in a particular group; applicable to all cases. 与所有人相关或被所有人完成的事情，或在全世界范围或特定的组织中的事情；适用所有情况。
noun: a thing having universal effect, currency, or application. 具有普遍影响，流通，或应用的事物。
unlikely
- adjective: not likely to happen, be done, or be true; improbable. 不太可能发生，被完成，或是真的；不可能的（注意是词性是形容词，不是副词）。
unparalleled
- adjective: having no parallel or equal; exceptional. 没有平行或相等；特殊的，即空前的。
unprecedented
- adjective: never done or known before. 从未被完成或知晓的，即史无前例的。
unreflecting
adjective: not engaging in reflection or thought.
"an unreflecting hedonist"
adjective: not reflecting light.
"the sea was a dreary, unreflecting grey"
unsolicited
- adjective: not asked for; given or done voluntarily. 未被要求的；自愿给予或完成。
unsophisticated
adjective: lacking refined worldly knowledge or tastes. 缺少精致世故的知识或品味。
adjective: not complicated or highly developed; basic. 不是复杂或高度发达的；基础的。
unsurpassed
- adjective: as good as or better than any other. 与任何其他一样好或更好，即卓绝的，优异的。
upholster
verb: provide (furniture) with a soft, padded covering.
"the chairs were upholstered in red velvet"
cover the walls or furniture in (a room) with textiles.
"the day saloon was upholstered in blue silk"
upscale
adjective(NORTH AMERICAN): relatively expensive and designed to appeal to affluent consumers; upmarket. 相对昂贵，旨在吸引富裕消费者；高档。
adverb: towards the more expensive or affluent sector of the market. 面向市场中更昂贵或富裕的区域。
verb: increase the size or improve the quality of. 增大尺寸或改善质量。
verb: convert (an image or video) so that it displays correctly in a higher resolution format. 转换（图片或视频）以便于以更高的分辨率正确地展示。
upside
noun: the positive or favorable aspect of something. 某事积极或有利的方面。
noun: an upward movement of stock prices. 股票价格向上的浮动。
phrase: upside the head - on the side of head. 在头上。
urge
verb: try earnestly or persistently to persuade (someone) to do something. 热切地或坚持不懈地试图说服（某人）做某事。
noun: a strong desire or impulse. 强烈的欲望或冲动。
used to
phrase: used to do 这里 to 为动词不定式标记，过去做
phrase: be/get used to doing 这里 to 为介词，习惯做
phrase: be used to do 这里 to 为动词不定式标记，被用于做
utilitarian
adjective: designed to be useful or practical rather than attractive. 设计得有用或实用，而不是吸引人。
adjective(PHILOSOPHY): relating to or adhering to the doctrine of utilitarianism. 与功利主义有关或坚持功利主义。
noun(PHILOSOPHY): an adherent of utilitarianism. 功利主义的拥护者。
utter
adjective: complete; absolute.
"Charles stared at her in utter amazement"
verb: make (a sound) with one's voice.
"he uttered an exasperated snort"
say (something) aloud.
"they are busily scribbling down every word she utters"
verb(LAW): put (forged money) into circulation.
V
vacuum
noun: a space entirely devoid of matter. 完全没有物质的空间，即真空。
noun: a vacuum cleaner. 吸尘器。
verb: clean with a vacuum cleaner. 用吸尘器清洁。
phrase: in a vacuum - (of an activity or problem to be considered) isolated from the context normal to it and in which it can best be understood or assessed. （要考虑的活动或问题）与正常的上下文环境隔离开，并且在其中可以最好地理解或评估它。
vague
adjective: of uncertain, indefinite, or unclear character or meaning.
"many patients suffer vague symptoms"
thinking or communicating in an unfocused or imprecise way.
"he had been very vague about his activities"
vain
adjective: having or showing an excessively high opinion of one's appearance, abilities, or worth. 对自己外貌，能力，或价值有过高的评价。
adjective: producing no result; useless. 没有结果的；无用的。
phrase: in vain - without success or a result. 没有成功或结果，即徒劳的。
phrase: take someone's name in vain - use someone's name in a way that shows a lack of respect. 以缺乏尊重的方式使用某人的名字。
vanish
verb: disappear suddenly and completely. 突然并完全消失。
verb(MATHEMATICS): become zero. （数学上）变为零。
vegetable
noun: a plant or part of a plant used as food, typically as accompaniment to meat or fish, such as a cabbage, potato, carrot, or bean. 植物或植物的一部分被用作食物，通常作为肉或鱼的佐菜，例如卷心菜，马铃薯，胡萝卜或豆类。
noun(INFORMAL): a person with a dull or inactive life. 生活乏味或不活跃的人。
verbal
adjective: relating to or in the form of words. 与词有关或以词汇形式。
spoken rather than written; oral. 口头的而不是书面的；口头的。
tending to talk a lot. 倾向于多说话。
adjective(GRAMMAR): relating to or derived from a verb. （语法）关于动词的或由动词派生的。
noun(GRAMMAR): a word or words functioning as a verb. 作为动词功能的一个词或多个词。
verbally
- adverb: by means of words. 在语言上。
very
adverb: in a high degree. 以很高的程度，即非常。
adjective: actual; precise (used to emphasize the exact identity of a particular person or thing). 确实的；精确的（用于强调特定人或事物的确切特性）。
vessel
noun: a ship or large boat. 船或大船。
noun: a hollow container, especially one used to hold liquid, such as a bowl or cask. 空心容器，尤其是用于盛装液体的，例如碗或木桶。
noun(ANATOMY·ZOOLOGY): a duct or canal holding or conveying blood or other fluid. 容纳或输送血液或其他液体的导管或管道。
veteran
noun: a person who has had long experience in a particular field.
- a person who has served in the military.
venture
noun: a risky or daring journey or undertaking.
"pioneering ventures into little-known waters"
verb: undertake a risky or daring journey or course of action.
"she ventured out into the blizzard"
verb: dare to do or say something that may be considered audacious (often used as a polite expression of hesitation or apology).
"may I venture to add a few comments?"
phrase: at a venture - trusting to chance rather than to previous consideration or preparation.
"a man drew a bow at a venture"
phrase: nothing ventured, nothing gained - you can't expect to achieve anything if you never take any risks.
venue
noun: the place where something happens, especially an organized event such as a concert, conference, or sports event. (举办地)
"the river could soon be the venue for a powerboat world championship event"
- (LAW) the county or district within which a criminal or civil case must be heard.
Venus
noun(PLANET): the planet second in order of distance from the Sun, after Mercury and before Earth. It is the closest planet to Earth.
noun(GODDESS): in Roman mythology (= ancient stories), the goddess (= female god) of beauty and love:
vibrant
adjective: full of energy and life.
"a vibrant cosmopolitan city"
(of colour) bright and striking.
"a huge room decorated in vibrant blues and greens"
(of sound) strong or resonating.
"his vibrant voice"
adjective: quivering; pulsating.
"Rose was vibrant with anger"
vice
noun: immoral or wicked behavior. 不道德或邪恶的行为。
preposition: as a substitute for. 作为替代品，即副的。
vice versa
adverb: with the main items in the preceding statement the other way around.
"science must be at the service of man, and not vice versa"
vicious
adjective: deliberately cruel or violent. 故意的残忍或暴力。
adjective(LITERARY): immoral. （文学）不道德的。
adjective(ARCHAIC): (of language or a line of reasoning) imperfect; defective. （古老）（语言或推理上）不完美；有缺陷的。
vigor (伟哥是该词的音译)
noun: physical strength and good health.
"I was 79, but still full of vigor and vitality"
effort, energy, and enthusiasm.
"they set about the new task with vigor"
phrase: in vigour — in force or operation.
"he says there is no deal but since he has a contract in vigor he will continue as usual"
vigorously
adverb: in a way that involves physical strength, effort, or energy; strenuously. 以一种涉及体力，努力，或能量的方式；用力地。
"she shook her head vigorously"
forcefully. 强行地，极力地。
"he vigorously denied the allegation"
virtual
adjective: almost or nearly as described, but not completely or according to strict definition. 几乎。
"the virtual absence of border controls"
adjective(COMPUTING): not physically existing as such but made by software to appear to do so.
"Virtual reality(VR) and augmented reality(AR)"
virtuosity
noun: great skill in music or another artistic pursuit.
"a performance of considerable virtuosity"
virtuous
adjective: having or showing high moral standards.
"she considered herself very virtuous because she neither drank nor smoked"
- chaste (typically used of a woman).
vitality
- noun: the state of being strong and active; energy. 强壮并活跃的状态；活力。
vitally
adverb: in a way that is absolutely necessary or essential. 以一种绝对必要或必不可少的方式。（常见搭配 vitally important，至关重要）
adverb: in an energetic or lively manner. 以充满活力或活泼的态度。
vocation
- noun: a strong feeling of suitability for a particular career or occupation. 对特定职业适合的强烈感觉。
vogue
noun: the prevailing fashion or style at a particular time.
"the vogue is to make realistic films"
general acceptance or favor; popularity.
"the 1920s and 30s, when art deco was much in vogue"
adjective: popular; fashionable.
"service has become a vogue word over the past 35 years"
verb: dance to music in such a way as to imitate the characteristic poses struck by a model on a catwalk.
voluntary
adjective: done, given, or acting of one's own free will. 根据自己的自由意志完成，给予，或行动。
noun: an organ solo played before, during, or after a church service. 在教堂礼拜前，中，后演奏的管风琴独奏。
vulgar
- adjective: lacking sophistication or good taste; unrefined. 缺少精致或好的品位；粗的；
vulnerable （固定搭配介词 to）
- adjective: susceptible to physical or emotional attack or harm. 容易受到身体或情感上的攻击或伤害。
W
waddle
verb: walk with short steps and a clumsy swaying motion.
"three geese waddled across the road"
noun: a waddling gait.
"I walk with a waddle"
wall chart
- noun: a chart or poster designed for display on a wall as a teaching aid or source of information. 例如体育比赛的晋级表。
way
noun: a method, style, or manner of doing something. 做某事的方法、风格或方式。
noun: a road, track, path, or street for traveling along. 用于行驶的道路、轨道、路径或街道。
adverb(INFORMAL 非正式): at or to a considerable distance or extent. 在一个相当远的距离或范围; far 非常 (used before an adverb or preposition for emphasis) 用在副词与介词间表强调。
wear
verb: have on one's body or a part of one's body as clothing, decoration, protection, or for some other purpose.
habitually have on one's body or be dressed in.
"although she was a widow, she didn't wear black"
exhibit or present (a particular facial expression or appearance).
"they wear a frozen smile on their faces"
have (one's hair or beard) at a specified length or arranged in a specified style.
"the students wore their hair long"
NAUTICAL: (of a ship) fly (a flag).
"any British registered boat may wear the red ensign"
verb: damage, erode, or destroy by friction or use.
undergo damage, erosion, or destruction by friction or use.
"mountains are wearing down with each passing second"
form (a hole, path, etc.) by constant friction or use.
"the water was forced up through holes it had worn"
withstand continued use or life in a specified way.
"a carpet-type finish seems to wear well"
cause weariness or fatigue to.
"some losses can wear on you"
verb(LITERARY): pass (a period of time) in some activity.
"spining long stories, wearing half the day"
verb(INFORMAL·BRITISH): tolerate; accept.
"the environmental health people wouldn't wear it"
noun: the wearing of something or the state of being worn as clothing.
"some new tops for wear in the evening"
noun: clothing suitable for a particular purpose or of a particular type.
"evening wear"
noun: damage or deterioration sustained from continuous use.
"you need to make a deduction for wear and tear on all your belongings"
phrase: wear and tear - damage, erode, or destroy by friction or use.
phrase: wear thin - be gradually used up or become less convincing or acceptable.
"his patience was wearing thin"
phrase: wear away - become gradually smaller or smoother through use or contact over a long period.
"over time the sharp edges would wear away"
phrase: wear down - overcome someone or something by persistence.
"they wore down their opponents to win the marathon match that lasted more than two hours"
phrase: wear off - lose effectiveness or intensity.
"the effects of the drug were wearing off"
phrase: wear on - (of a period of time) pass, especially slowly or tediously.
"as the afternoon wore on he began to look unhappy"
phrase: wear out - be used until no longer in good condition or working order.
"the type was used again and again until it wore out"
verb(SAILING): bring (a ship) about by turning its head away from the wind.
"Shannon gives the order to wear ship"
weather
noun: the state of the atmosphere at a place and time as regards heat, dryness, sunshine, wind, rain, etc. 一个地方和时间下的大气状态，如热，干燥，阳光，风，雨等。
cold, wet, and unpleasant or unpredictable atmospheric conditions; the elements. 寒冷，潮湿，不愉快或不可预测的大气条件；极端天气要素。
denoting the side from which the wind is blowing, especially on board a ship; windward. 表示风吹来的方向，尤其指在船上；迎风。
verb: wear away or change the appearance or texture of (something) by long exposure to the air. 磨损或改变（某物）的外观或材质，通过长时间暴露在空气中，即侵蚀，风化。
verb: come safely through (a storm). 平安度过（风暴）。
withstand (a difficulty or danger). 经受（困难或危险）。
(SAILING) (of a ship) get to the windward of (a cape or other obstacle). （航行）（船）到达（海角或其他障碍物）的迎风处。
verb: make (boards or tiles) overlap downward to keep out rain. 使（木板或瓦片）向下重叠用以防雨。
verb(FALCONRY): allow (a hawk) to spend a period perched in the open air. （猎鹰）允许（鹰）在露天栖息一段时间。
phrase: keep a weather eye on - observe very carefully, especially for changes or developments. 非常仔细地观察，尤其是变化或发展。
phrase: make heavy weather of - have unnecessary difficulty in dealing with (a task or problem). 在处理（任务或问题）时遇到不必要的困难。
phrase: under the weather - slightly unwell or in low spirits. 轻微不适或精神不振。
weigh
verb: find out how heavy (someone or something) is, typically using scales. 找出（某人或某物）的重量，通常使用秤。
verb: assess the nature or importance of, especially with a view to a decision or action. 评估性质或重要性，尤其是考虑到决定或行动。
phrase: weigh one's word - carefully choose the way one expresses something. 仔细选择表达某事的方式。
phrase: weigh down - (of something heavy and cumbersome) impede or hold down someone. （沉重或麻烦的东西）阻碍或限制某人。
phrase: weigh in - make a forceful contribution to a competition or argument. 对竞争和争论做出有力贡献。
phrase: weigh into - join in with a activity forcefully or enthusiastically. 有力地或热情地参加一项活动。
phrase: weigh on - be depressing or burdensome to someone. 使某人感到沮丧或负担。
phrase: weigh out - measure and take a portion of a particular weight from a larger quantity of a substance. 从大量物质中测量并取出特定重量的一部分。
phrase: weigh up - carefully assess someone or something. 仔细评估某人或某事。
well-meaning
- adjective: well intentioned. 善意的。
whereas
- conjunction: in contrast or comparison with the fact that. 与事实对照或比较，表转折。
whereby
- adverb: by which. 借此。
while
noun: a period of time. 一段时间。
noun: at the same time; meanwhile. 同时。
conjunction: during the time that; at the same time as. 在此期间；同时。
conjunction: whereas (indicating a contrast). 然而（表示对比）。
adverb: during which. 在（某）期间。
verb: pass time in a leisurely manner. 悠闲地打发时间。
preposition(NORTHERN ENGLISH): until. （北部英语）直到。
总结：while 主要有两个意思，一个是当...时候，通常后面跟进行时 ing，另一个意思是尽管（although）。
wholesale
noun: the selling of goods in large quantities to be retailed by others. 大量销售商品以供他人零售。
adverb: being sold in large quantities to be retailed by others. 被以大量出售以供他人零售。
adjective: done on a large scale; extensive. 大规模完成的；广泛的。
verb: sell (goods) in large quantities at low prices to be retailed by others. 以低价大量出售（商品）以供他人零售。
whoop
noun: a loud cry of joy or excitement.
"a moment's silence was followed by whoops of delight"
noun: a long rasping indrawn breath, characteristic of whooping cough.
noun: (in motorcycling or cycling) a bump or dip on an off-road racetrack or rally course.
verb: give or make a whoop.
"all at once they were whooping with laughter"
phrase: not give a whoop - be totally indifferent.
phrase: whoop it up - enjoy oneself or celebrate in a noisy way.
verb: beat or assault (someone).
"I'm still looking forward to whooping your ass, buddy"
wieldy
adjective: easily controlled or handled.
"the beefy Bentley is far from wieldy"
will
noun: the faculty by which a person decides on and initiates action.
"she has an iron will"
noun: a legal document containing instructions as to what should be done with one's money and property after one's death.
verb: make or try to make (someone) do something or (something) happen by the exercise of mental powers.
"reluctantly he willed himself to turn and go back"
verb(FORMAL·LITERARY): intend, desire, or wish (something) to happen.
"their friendship flourished particularly because Adams willed it"
verb: bequeath something to (someone) by the terms of one's will.
"his father willed the farm to Mr. Timms"
wind
noun: the perceptible natural movement of the air, especially in the form of a current of air blowing from a particular direction. 对空气自然运动的感知，尤其是从特定方向吹出的气流形式。
noun: breath as needed in physical exertion or in speech. 在体力消耗或演讲中根据需要呼吸。
noun(BRITISH): air swallowed while eating or gas generated in the stomach and intestines by digestion. （英国）进食时吞入的空气或消化时在肠胃中产生的气体。
noun: wind instruments, or specifically woodwind instruments, forming a band or section of an orchestra. 管乐器，或者尤其是木管乐器，形成一个乐队或管弦乐团的一部分。
verb: cause (someone) to have difficulty breathing because of exertion or a blow to the stomach. 导致（某人）呼吸困难，因为劳累或胃部受到打击。
verb: detect the presence of (a person or animal) by scent. 通过气味探测到（人或动物）的存在。
verb(LITERARY): sound (a bugle or call) by blowing. （文学的）吹响（号角或呼叫）。
phrase: before the wind - with the wind blowing more or less from astern. 风或多或少地从船尾吹来，顺风。
phrase: get wind of - begin to suspect that (something) is happening; hear a rumor of. 开始怀疑（某事）正在发生；听到传闻，即听到风声。
phrase: have the wind up - be alarmed or frightened. 惊恐或害怕。
phrase: like the wind - very quickly. 非常快地。
phrase: off the wind - with the wind on either quarter. 任何一个方向都有风。
phrase: on a wind - against a wind on either bow. 在船的前端迎风。
phrase: put the wind up - alarm or frighten. 惊吓或恐吓。
phrase: sail close to the wind - sail as nearly against the wind as possible while still making headway. 当仍在前进时，尽可能逆风航行。
phrase: take the wind out of someone's sails - frustrate someone by unexpectedly anticipating an action or remark. 使某人沮丧，通过出人意料的预料到行动或评论。
phrase: to the wind - in all directions. 在各个方向。
phrase: it's an ill wind that blows no good - few things are so bad that no one profits from them. 没有事物坏到没有一个优点。
verb: move in or take a twisting or spiral course. 移动或采取扭曲或螺旋的路线。
verb: pass (something) around a thing or person so as to encircle or enfold. 将（某物）绕在东西或人上，以便来包围或包裹。
verb: make (a clock or other device, typically one operated by clockwork) operate by turning a key or handle. 使（时钟或其他设备，尤其是通过发条运行的）运行，通过转动钥匙或把手的方式，即上发条。
noun: a twist or turn in a course. 一个曲折或转弯的轨迹。
noun: a single turn made when winding. 缠绕时产生的单匝。
phrase: wind down
draw gradually to a close. 逐渐进入尾声。
(of a person) relax after stress or excitement. （人）在压力或兴奋后放松。
(of a mechanism, especially one operated by clockwork) gradually lose power. （机械，尤其是通过发条运行的机械）逐渐失去动力。
phrase: wind up (= end up)
make a clock or other device operate by turning a handle or key. 使钟表或其他设备通过转动把手或钥匙运行，即上发条。
(BRITISH) arrange the affairs of and dissolve a company. （英国）安排事项并解散公司。
(INFORMAL) arrive or end up in a specified state, situation, or place. （非正式）到达或结束于特定的状态，情况，或地点。
(INFORMAL) make someone tense or angry. （非正式）使某人紧张或生气。
prepare to throw or punch something with great force. 准备用很大的力量扔或打东西。
with regard to (等于 about)
- phrase: as concerns; in respect of. 作为关注；关于。
with respect to (等于 about)
- phrase: as regards; with reference to. 至于；参照于。
witness
noun: a person who sees an event, typically a crime or accident, take place. 看到事件，通常是犯罪或事故发生的人。
noun: evidence; proof. 证据；证明。
noun: a member of the Jehovah's Witnesses. 耶和华见证人成员。
verb: see (an event, typically a crime or accident) take place. 看到（事件，通常是犯罪或事故）发生。
verb: have knowledge of (an event or change) from personal observation or experience. 从个人观察或经验中了解（事件或变化）。
verb: (of a person) openly profess one's religious faith. （某人）公开宣告他的宗教信仰。
phrase: as God is my witness - an invocation of God as confirmation of the truth of a statement. 向上帝祈祷作为陈述真实性的确认。
phrase: call someone or something to witness - appeal or refer to someone or something for confirmation or evidence of something. 要求或提及某人或某物用来确认或作为某事的证据。
wobbly
adjective: tending to move unsteadily from side to side.
"the car had a wobbly wheel"
noun: a fit of temper or panic.
"my daughter threw a wobbly when I wouldn't let her play"
wonder
noun: a feeling of surprise mingled with admiration, caused by something beautiful, unexpected, unfamiliar, or inexplicable. 由美丽的，出乎意料的，不熟悉的，或莫名其妙的事物引起的惊奇混合了钦佩的感受。
verb: desire or becurious to know something. 渴望或好奇地知道某事。
verb: feel doubt. 感到怀疑。
verb: feel admiration and amazement; marvel. 感到钦佩和惊奇；惊异。
phrase: I shouldn't wonder - I think it likely. 我认为很有可能。
phrase: no wonder - it is not surprising. 这并不奇怪。
phrase: small wonder - not very surprising. 没那么奇怪。
phrase: one-day wonder - something that attracts great interest for a short while but is then forgotten. 短时间内引起极大兴趣但随后被遗忘的事物。
phrase: ninety-day wonder - a person who has had intensive military training for the specified time. 在规定时间内接受过密集军事训练的人。
phrase: wonders will never cease - an exclamation of great surprise at something pleasing. 对令人愉快的事情的非常惊讶的感叹。
phrase: work wonders - have a very beneficial effect on someone or something. 对某人或某事有非常有益的影响。
worship
noun: the feeling or expression of reverence and adoration for a deity. 对神明的崇敬和崇拜的感觉或表达，即礼拜。
verb: show reverence and adoration for (a deity); honor with religous rites. 对（神灵）表示崇敬和崇拜；以宗教仪式表示敬意，即朝拜。
worthwhile
adjective: worth the time, money, or effort spent; of value or importance.
"extra lighting would make a worthwhile contribution to road safety"
worthy
adjective: having or showing the qualities or abilities that merit recognition in a specified way. 具有或表现出以特定方式值得认可的品质或能力。
noun(OFTEN HUMOROUS): a person notable or important in a particular sphere. （常用于幽默）在特定领域著名或重要的人。
wrinkle
noun: a slight line or fold in something, especially fabric or the skin of the face.
"she smoothed out the wrinkles from her skirt"
a minor difficulty; a snag.
"the organizers have the wrinkles pretty well ironed out"
noun: a clever innovation, or useful piece of information or advice.
"learning the wrinkles from someone more experienced saves time"
verb: make or cause lines or folds in (something, especially fabric or the skin).
"his hands and face were wrinkled by age"
X
Y
yet
adverb: up until the present or a specified or implied time; by now or then. 直到现在或一个具体的或隐含的时间；到现在或之后（常用于否定或疑问句末，译为直到...还没）。
adverb: still; even (used to emphasize increase or repetition). 仍然（多用于肯定句，表示情况还在继续，但期望不再继续）；甚至（用于强调增加或重复，常用于 another，again 前）。
adverb: nevertheless; inspite of that. 尽管。表转折，常用于句首。
conjunction: but at the same time; but nevertheless. 但同时；但尽管。表转折。
phrase: as yet - until now or a particular time in the past. 直到现在或一个特定的过去的时间。
phrase: have/be yet to - events which are necessary or which must happen at some time, but which have not happened at the time of speaking. 事件必需在某个时间发生，但在说话时还没发生。yet 有否定意思在其中。
phrase: yet another - another. 另外一个。
总结：yet 常见用法，用在句首，表转折，译为尽管；用在肯定句中，表否定，当作 not；用在否定或疑问句，表示直到现在或某个时间点，译为还没。
yield (及物动词：生产；不及物动词：屈服，固定搭配 yield to)
verb: producing or provide (a natural, agricultural, or industrial product). 生产或提供（天然、农业或工业产品）。
verb: give way to arguments, demands, or pressure. 让位于争论，要求，或压力。
verb: (of a mass or structure) give way under force or pressure. （质量或结构）在力或压力下屈服。
noun: an amount produced of an agricultural or industrial product. 工业产品或农产品的产量。